Monkeypox: Centre lists dos and don’t on viral infection. Read here
2 years, 7 months ago

Monkeypox: Centre lists dos and don’t on viral infection. Read here

Live Mint  

As India's Monkeypox infections rose to eight, the Union Health Ministry has released a list of 'Dos and Don'ts' on this rare disease.“Protect yourself from #Monkeypox. The symptoms also include lesions that usually begin within one to three days from the onset of fever, lasting for around two to four weeks, and are often described as painful. The transmission of the disease occurs primarily through large respiratory droplets generally requiring prolonged close contact. It can also be transmitted through direct contact with body fluids or lesions, and indirect contact with lesion material such as through contaminated clothing or linen of an infected person.

Disease Monkeypox  monkeypox  usually  avoid  viral  dont  dos  transmission  read  disease  lists  infection  ministry  linen  infected  task  centre  symptoms

History of this topic

Karnataka: 40-yr-old man affected with Monkeypox in Mangaluru
2 months, 1 week ago

Karnataka: 40-yr-old man affected with Monkeypox in Mangaluru

Deccan Chronicle  

Mangaluru: A case of Monkeypox has been confirmed in a 40-year-old male in Mangaluru, a native of Karkala in Udupi district. A press statement from the health department on Thursday stated that the confirmation came from the National Institute of Virology, Pune, on January 22. The patient was immediately isolated at a private hospital, and his Mpox samples were sent …

Monkeypox in Karnataka: Check here the symptoms, risk factors and preventive measures
2 months, 1 week ago

Monkeypox in Karnataka: Check here the symptoms, risk factors and preventive measures

India TV News  

A case of monkeypox has been reported in Karnataka in a 40-year-old man who returned from Dubai recently. The statement of the health department stated, "But they are advised to watch for common symptoms associated with the disease like skin rashes along with fever, headache, muscle aches, chills, sweating, sore throat and cough and get themselves tested, especially if they …

Monkeypox case in Karnataka: Dubai return man tests positive for MPox in Mangaluru
Top News
2 months, 1 week ago

Monkeypox case in Karnataka: Dubai return man tests positive for MPox in Mangaluru

India TV News  

A case of Monkeypox has been reported in Karnataka making it the first case of MPox reported in the state this year. Health officials on Thursday said that a 40-year-old man who recently returned from Dubai tested positive for the virus. "A case of Monkeypox has been confirmed on January 22, 2025 by the National Institute of Virology, Pune in …

Monkeypox: Two positive cases reported in Kerala with travel history to THIS country
3 months, 2 weeks ago

Monkeypox: Two positive cases reported in Kerala with travel history to THIS country

India TV News  

Kerala's Health Minister Veena George announced on Wednesday that two cases of monkeypox have been confirmed in the state. The two men, who had recently returned to Kerala from the United Arab Emirates, tested positive for the disease. Since 2022, 33 confirmed cases of Mpox – 17 from Kerala, 16 from Delhi – have been reported, he said in a …

US reports ‘severe’ Monkeypox clade 1 variant: What do we know about this strain, symptoms and how to protect
4 months, 2 weeks ago

US reports ‘severe’ Monkeypox clade 1 variant: What do we know about this strain, symptoms and how to protect

Live Mint  

United States on Saturday said the first known case of a more severe strain of the monkeypox virus was reported in California. According to the California Department of Public Health, the patient contracted the clade 1 strain, the latest form of the monkeypox. The clade 1b variant has caused global concern because it seems to sp New Monkeypox strain threat …

Monkey pox outbreak: Bengaluru airport on high alert, staff conduct tests for international passengers
6 months, 2 weeks ago

Monkey pox outbreak: Bengaluru airport on high alert, staff conduct tests for international passengers

Hindustan Times  

Bengaluru’s Kempegowda International Airport is on high alert after India’s first monkeypox case was detected in New Delhi and screening tests for international passengers are underway. Monkey pox outbreak: Bengaluru airport on high alert, staff conduct tests for international passengers In an announcement, Bangalore International Airport Limited said, “Keeping the global Mpox situation in mind, Bengaluru airport is fully prepared …

Monkeypox under control, but travelers urged to be cautious
6 months, 2 weeks ago

Monkeypox under control, but travelers urged to be cautious

China Daily  

China has effectively controlled monkeypox after it reported its first case in June 2023, and the infectious disease is currently in low prevalence on the mainland, according to the National Disease Control and Prevention Administration. To better prevent and control the disease, China has launched health promotion campaigns to let individuals who plan to visit overseas destinations recording monkeypox outbreaks …

India reports its first suspected monkeypox case
6 months, 3 weeks ago

India reports its first suspected monkeypox case

Hindustan Times  

New Delhi: A suspected case of Mpox, or monkeypox, has been reported from one of the designated hospitals to manage the disease in the country, the Union health ministry said on Sunday, adding that further investigations are currently underway to confirm the diagnosis in a man who has a history of travelling to one of the affected African countries. Health …

Gurugram Health Department Issues Mpox Alert, Health Officials Urge Caution; No Cases Reported Yet
7 months, 1 week ago

Gurugram Health Department Issues Mpox Alert, Health Officials Urge Caution; No Cases Reported Yet

News 18  

The Gurugram health department on Friday issued an alert regarding a potential outbreak of Mpox in the district. The report pointed out that no Mpox cases have been reported in the district, but since cases have occurred in Africa and other parts of the world and because Gurugram is a hub for international travellers, the Directorate of Health has instructed …

Alert issued in Gurugram over possible Mpox threat
7 months, 1 week ago

Alert issued in Gurugram over possible Mpox threat

Hindustan Times  

The Gurugram health department issued an alert about a potential outbreak of Mpox in the district on Friday. Mpox or monkey pox is an infectious viral disease.It can be serious and even fatal in some cases, but it is generally treatable with supportive care, and most people recover fully. “Preventive measures, including proper hygiene, avoiding contact with potentially infected animals, …

Maharashtra health dept issues guidelines for prevention, surveillance of monkeypox
7 months, 1 week ago

Maharashtra health dept issues guidelines for prevention, surveillance of monkeypox

Hindustan Times  

Amid the World Health Organisation announcement of monkeypox as a global health emergency, the state public health department issued guidelines for surveillance and management of the disease on Monday. Dr Radhakishan Pawar, joint director of health services, said, a single infected patient is considered an outbreak of monkeypox, so each case should be investigated by a rapid response team. “Close …

Monkeypox: Prithviraj Chavan demands strict testing, quarantine protocol at Mumbai airport
7 months, 2 weeks ago

Monkeypox: Prithviraj Chavan demands strict testing, quarantine protocol at Mumbai airport

Hindustan Times  

Mumbai, Amid concerns over Monkeypox, Congress leader Prithviraj Chavan has written to Maharashtra Chief Minister Eknath Shinde, demanding strict testing and quarantine protocol at the Mumbai airport for passengers from high-risk countries. Monkeypox: Prithviraj Chavan demands strict testing, quarantine protocol at Mumbai airport The World Health Organisation has declared Monkeypox a public health emergency, and the virus has now reached …

'Begin strict Monkeypox screening at Mumbai airport': Former Maharashtra CM Prithviraj Chavan to government
7 months, 2 weeks ago

'Begin strict Monkeypox screening at Mumbai airport': Former Maharashtra CM Prithviraj Chavan to government

India TV News  

Days after Pakistan reported three cases of Monkeypox—a virus declared a public health emergency of international concern—Congress leader and former Maharashtra Chief Minister Prithviraj Chavan on Saturday has called for stringent testing and isolation protocols at Mumbai Airport for passengers arriving from high-risk countries. Taking to X, Chavan shared a copy of the letter he sent to Chief Minister Eknath …

Union Health Minister Nadda reviews India’s preparedness for monkeypox
7 months, 2 weeks ago

Union Health Minister Nadda reviews India’s preparedness for monkeypox

The Hindu  

With the World Health Organization declaring monkeypox a Public Health Emergency of International Concern, a detailed review of developments related to monkeypox, and preparedness for it, was taken up by the Union Health Minister J.P. Nadda in a meeting with senior officials on Saturday. “In the meeting chaired by the Union Health Minister, it was decided that as a matter …

World Health Organization declares ultra-deadly monkeypox strain a public health emergency of international concern
7 months, 2 weeks ago

World Health Organization declares ultra-deadly monkeypox strain a public health emergency of international concern

Daily Mail  

The World Health Organization today declared an ultra-deadly strain of monkeypox a global public health emergency. The DRC is home to a densely packed population that frequently travels and moves across borders, raising the risk the new mpox strain, which is spread through physical contact, would eventually spread beyond the country. CDC officials said that the latest rise in mpox …

Mpox outbreaks declared in Kenya and Central African Republic. The race is on to contain the spread
8 months ago

Mpox outbreaks declared in Kenya and Central African Republic. The race is on to contain the spread

Associated Press  

ABUJA, Nigeria — Kenya and the Central African Republic have declared new outbreaks of mpox as Africa’s health officials race to contain the spread of the disease in a region lacking vaccines. “We are very concerned about the cases of monkeypox, which is ravaging region 7 of the country,” the Central African Republic’s public health minister, Pierre Somsé, said Monday. …

Monkeypox classified as Class B infectious disease
1 year, 6 months ago

Monkeypox classified as Class B infectious disease

China Daily  

China has decided to manage monkeypox as a Class B infectious disease starting from Wednesday as the country reported about 500 cases last month, including its first infections detected in women, according to health authorities. The National Health Commission said in a statement released on Friday that monkeypox used to mainly spread throughout Central Africa and West Africa, but since …

Monkeypox: CDC warns about potential risk of an mpox resurgence this summer
1 year, 10 months ago

Monkeypox: CDC warns about potential risk of an mpox resurgence this summer

CNN  

CNN — The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is raising the alarm about the potential risk for new cases of mpox, previously known as monkeypox, to emerge this summer. “Spring and summer season in 2023 could lead to a resurgence of mpox as people gather for festivals and other events,” the CDC said in an official update to …

WHO declares monkeypox outbreak over - just as virus resurges in Chicago
1 year, 10 months ago

WHO declares monkeypox outbreak over - just as virus resurges in Chicago

Daily Mail  

The World Health Organization has declared the monkeypox global emergency over, just as this year's first cluster of cases emerges in America's third largest city. The data highlights an uptick after cases previously flatlining at one or none per week since December World Health Organization director-general Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus has declared an end to the emergency over mpox Mpox sparked …

Netherlands offers free monkeypox vaccinations to people at increased risk
1 year, 10 months ago

Netherlands offers free monkeypox vaccinations to people at increased risk

NL Times  

People who are more likely to contract monkeypox can get vaccinated for free from now on. "Gay and bisexual men and trans people who have not been vaccinated before and who know for themselves that they are more likely to contract a monkeypox infection can make an appointment with their GGD from today," Soa Aids Netherlands said on Monday, referring …

New Sydney monkeypox case confirmed as warning issued to gay and bisexual men
1 year, 10 months ago

New Sydney monkeypox case confirmed as warning issued to gay and bisexual men

Daily Mail  

The deadly monkeypox virus is spreading in Australia, officials fear, after a man in New South Wales became infected. South Eastern Sydney Public Health Unit Director Dr Vicky Sheppeard says while the state's vaccination program against the infectious disease has been very successful, the virus will continue to show up in Australia while it circulates overseas. The prominent symptom of …

World Health Organization recommends 'mpox' as new name for monkeypox
2 years, 4 months ago

World Health Organization recommends 'mpox' as new name for monkeypox

ABC  

The World Health Organization says it will start referring to monkeypox as "mpox" simultaneously, before phasing out the original name within a year. Key points: WHO to start using a new preferred term, "mpox", as a synonym for monkeypox Both names will be used simultaneously for one year as "monkeypox" is phased out Concerns over racist language during outbreaks earlier …

ICMR issues new guidelines; advices against use of antibiotics for low-grade fever, viral bronchitis
2 years, 4 months ago

ICMR issues new guidelines; advices against use of antibiotics for low-grade fever, viral bronchitis

India TV News  

The Indian Council of Medical Research has issued guidelines warning against the use of antibiotics for conditions such as low-grade fever and viral bronchitis while advising doctors to follow a timeline while prescribing them. Resistance to Imipenem, which is used to treat infections caused by E coli bacteria, increased from 14 per cent in 2016 to 36 per cent in …

WHO plans to rename monkeypox as MPOX to destigmatise virus
2 years, 4 months ago

WHO plans to rename monkeypox as MPOX to destigmatise virus

India Today  

In an attempt to fight taboos related to monkeypox, the World Health Organization is planning to rename the virus, designating it as MPOX, Politico reported on Tuesday, citing people with knowledge of the matter. Monkeypox is a virus that originates in wild animals like rodents and primates, and occasionally jumps to people. Meanwhile, Animal-to-human transmission may occur by bite or …

‘Substantial’ pre-symptomatic monkeypox spread found
2 years, 4 months ago

‘Substantial’ pre-symptomatic monkeypox spread found

The Hindu  

There is now more evidence for pre-symptomatic transmission of monkeypox virus. Pre-symptomatic transmission of monkeypox virus will mean that many infections cannot be prevented by simply isolating people showing symptoms. Detailed study The contact tracing study of 2,746 individuals who tested positive for the monkeypox virus in the U.K. between May 6 and August 1, 2022 has linked data on …

Scientists find evidence of 'substantial' transmission of monkeypox before symptoms appear
2 years, 4 months ago

Scientists find evidence of 'substantial' transmission of monkeypox before symptoms appear

The Hindu  

Scientists have found evidence to show that the monkeypox virus can spread from an infected person up to four days before they even start exhibiting symptoms of the disease, a new study has claimed. The researchers behind the study estimated that 53% of the transmission of monkeypox occurred in this pre-symptomatic phase, meaning that many infections cannot be prevented by …

Monkeypox outbreak still an international health emergency, says WHO
2 years, 4 months ago

Monkeypox outbreak still an international health emergency, says WHO

Firstpost  

So far, more than 70,000 confirmed cases of Monkeypox have been reported in over 100 countries. Most cases have been reported among men Geneva: Monkeypox continues to meet the International Health Regulations criteria for a Public Health Emergency of International Concern, said the World Health Organisation on Tuesday. “The Emergency Committee acknowledged that some progress has been made in the …

Monkeypox has ‘tragic’ outcomes in patients with HIV, CDC report finds
2 years, 5 months ago

Monkeypox has ‘tragic’ outcomes in patients with HIV, CDC report finds

CNN  

CNN — Monkeypox can have “devastating outcomes” on severely immunocompromised patients such as those with untreated HIV, according to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. New research published Wednesday in the CDC’s Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report examined clinical case data for 57 patients hospitalized with monkeypox complications and found that 82% had an HIV infection. “Monkeypox and …

Health officials concede monkeypox elimination unlikely in US
2 years, 6 months ago

Health officials concede monkeypox elimination unlikely in US

Firstpost  

The virus has mainly spread among gay and bisexual men, though health officials continue to stress that anyone can be infected. It’s important that people at risk take steps to prevent spread and that vaccination efforts continue New York: Some US health officials are conceding that monkeypox is probably not going away anytime soon. “There’s no clear path in our …

Some officials now say MPX elimination unlikely in U.S.
2 years, 6 months ago

Some officials now say MPX elimination unlikely in U.S.

LA Times  

A physician assistant prepares a syringe with the MPX vaccine. The disease’s spread is slowing in the U.S. but the virus is unlikely to be eliminated, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said. Editor's Note: In light of widespread concerns that the name “monkeypox” is racist and stigmatizing, the World Health Organization has renamed the disease “mpox.” Lipsitch hesitated …

Some officials now say monkeypox elimination unlikely in US
2 years, 6 months ago

Some officials now say monkeypox elimination unlikely in US

Associated Press  

NEW YORK — Some U.S. health officials are conceding that monkeypox is probably not going away anytime soon. “There’s no clear path in our mind to complete elimination domestically.” The virus has mainly spread among gay and bisexual men, though health officials continue to stress that anyone can be infected. It’s important that people at risk take steps to prevent …

CDC Has ‘Cautious Optimism’ That Monkeypox Vaccine Is Working In At-Risk Communities
2 years, 6 months ago

CDC Has ‘Cautious Optimism’ That Monkeypox Vaccine Is Working In At-Risk Communities

Huff Post  

LOADING ERROR LOADING Americans who received just one dose of the monkeypox vaccine were much less likely to be infected by the virus, according to preliminary data published by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention on Wednesday. The data — compiled from 32 states from July to September — is the first analysis released by public health officials into …

China’s monkeypox advisory warns its citizens not to touch foreigners
2 years, 6 months ago

China’s monkeypox advisory warns its citizens not to touch foreigners

Hindustan Times  

BEIJING The Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention has warned citizens not to touch foreigners after the first monkeypox case was detected on Friday in the southwestern city of Chongqing in China. Wu wrote that China’s Covid-19 restrictions on international travel and tight border checks had prevented the spread of monkeypox until the first case “slipped through the net”. …

Monkeypox News: China Reports Its First Case Of Monkeypox In Chongqing City
2 years, 6 months ago

Monkeypox News: China Reports Its First Case Of Monkeypox In Chongqing City

ABP News  

New Delhi: The Chinese city of Chongqing reported one case of monkeypox virus infection in a foreign visitor on Friday, marking mainland China's first known monkeypox infection amid the recent global outbreak of the virus. According to the health commission's statement, "the case was quarantined and controlled immediately after entering Chongqing, and there was no social activity," according to health …

Another monkeypox case in Delhi: Nigerian woman tests positive
2 years, 6 months ago

Another monkeypox case in Delhi: Nigerian woman tests positive

Live Mint  

A 30-year-old Nigerian woman in Delhi has tested positive for monkeypox, according to PTI sources. According to the sources, the woman has been admitted to LNJP Hospital and a second patient suspected of having monkeypox has been admitted to the government-run hospital in Delhi. Another source stated that the suspected case, which included a Nigerian woman as well, was hospitalised …

As monkeypox drops in the West, still no vaccines for Africa
2 years, 6 months ago

As monkeypox drops in the West, still no vaccines for Africa

Associated Press  

ABUJA, Nigeria — With monkeypox cases subsiding in Europe and parts of North America, many scientists say now is the time to prioritize stopping the virus in Africa. “Nothing has changed for us here, the focus is all on monkeypox in the West,” said Placide Mbala, a virologist who directs the global health research department at Congo’s Institute of Biomedical …

Monkeypox Scare: US is probing second possible death from the virus
2 years, 6 months ago

Monkeypox Scare: US is probing second possible death from the virus

India TV News  

The Los Angeles County authorities in the US were looking into a second probable monkeypox-related death, media reports said. According to NBC News, Chief Medical Director Rita Singhal of the county's Public Health Department said details were unavailable at this early stage of the investigation. "This is one of two deaths in the US that are under investigation to determine …

Monkeypox Scare: Australians warned to be on high alert against virus' symptoms
2 years, 6 months ago

Monkeypox Scare: Australians warned to be on high alert against virus' symptoms

India TV News  

Monkeypox Scare: Australians warned to be on high alert against virus' symptoms Monkeypox Scare: Most of Australia's cases have been "imported" from travellers returning home from overseas holidays, but data from Victoria shows a worrying new trend of the virus moving and spreading in the local community. Amid an alarming number of new monkeypox cases in Australia, health authorities have …

Monkeypox vaccines: India puts emergency buying on hold for now - here’s why
2 years, 6 months ago

Monkeypox vaccines: India puts emergency buying on hold for now - here’s why

Live Mint  

According to those with knowledge of the situation, India has chosen to delay purchasing the monkeypox vaccine on an emergency basis for the time being because the number of cases reported across the nation has not increased. Serum Institute of India, one of the first organisations to express interest in bringing the monkeypox vaccine into India, put its proposal on …

Atleast 30 children test positive for monkeypox in US: Reports
2 years, 6 months ago

Atleast 30 children test positive for monkeypox in US: Reports

Live Mint  

More than 30 children in the United States have tested positive for monkeypox, according to local media citing officials. Fox News reported that at least 31 children are positive for the virus, with 11 states and jurisdictions reporting pediatric cases. People who are diagnosed with monkeypox should stay home and avoid close contact with others until the rash has fully …

UK detects new variant of Monkeypox virus
2 years, 6 months ago

UK detects new variant of Monkeypox virus

India TV News  

UK detects new variant of Monkeypox virus UK detects new monkeypox variant: While contact tracing of close contacts of the individual is underway, no further linked cases have been identified so far. UK detects new monkeypox variant : A new strain of monkeypox linked to an individual diagnosed with the virus after recent travel to West Africa has been identified …

New monkeypox infections fall to lowest point since early June
2 years, 7 months ago

New monkeypox infections fall to lowest point since early June

NL Times  

Thirty people tested positive for the monkeypox virus in the Netherlands this past week. Experts, including those from the RIVM, had previously warned that the Pride events celebrating diverse sexualities and genders could lead to a "more intensive spread" of the virus. When people have become infected from visiting house parties during Pride, source and contact researchers may indicate the …

Monkeypox infections are slowing in the US. It’s not clear if that will last
2 years, 7 months ago

Monkeypox infections are slowing in the US. It’s not clear if that will last

CNN  

CNN — The pace of new monkeypox cases reported in some major cities – and in the US overall – has started to slow recently, but experts say it’s too early to know if the trend will last. The local health department has seen a “slight decrease” in cases over the past week, but said that “education and vaccines” are …

WHO: Monkeypox cases drop 21%, reversing month-long increase
2 years, 7 months ago

WHO: Monkeypox cases drop 21%, reversing month-long increase

Associated Press  

GENEVA — The number of monkeypox cases reported globally dropped 21% in the last week, reversing a month-long trend of rising infections and signaling that Europe’s outbreak may be starting to decline, the World Health Organization said Thursday. It said infections in the Americas showed “a continuing steep rise.” At a press briefing on Thursday, WHO Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus …

WHO: Monkeypox cases drop 21%, reversing month-long increase
2 years, 7 months ago

WHO: Monkeypox cases drop 21%, reversing month-long increase

Deccan Chronicle  

GENEVA: The number of monkeypox cases reported globally dropped by 21% in the last week, reversing a month-long trend of rising infections and a possible signal the outbreak in Europe may be starting to decline, according to a World Health Organisation report issued Thursday. British health authorities said last week after seeing a decline in the number of new cases …

In a first, man tests positive for COVID-19, HIV, monkeypox at the same time
2 years, 7 months ago

In a first, man tests positive for COVID-19, HIV, monkeypox at the same time

Firstpost  

The 36-year-old Italian man developed fever, accompanied by sore throat, fatigue, headache and swollen lymph nodes in the groin area nine days after spending five days in Spain A 36-year-old man has tested positive for COVID-19, monkeypox, and HIV simultaneously after a short trip to Spain, according to researchers from the University of Catania in Italy. Nine days after his …

Scientists identify first case of monkeypox, Covid and HIV co-infection
2 years, 7 months ago

Scientists identify first case of monkeypox, Covid and HIV co-infection

The Independent  

Sign up for our free Health Check email to receive exclusive analysis on the week in health Get our free Health Check email Get our free Health Check email SIGN UP I would like to be emailed about offers, events and updates from The Independent. Read our privacy policy Scientists have reported the first known case of a person testing …

Monkeypox cases drop 21% worldwide, reversing a monthlong increase
2 years, 7 months ago

Monkeypox cases drop 21% worldwide, reversing a monthlong increase

LA Times  

The number of monkeypox cases reported globally dropped by 21% in the last week, reversing a monthlong trend of rising infections and possibly indicating that Europe’s large outbreak is starting to wane, according to a World Health Organization report issued Thursday. The Africa Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said Thursday that the continent had 219 new cases reported in …

Monkeypox is rare in children, but K-12 schools are preparing for possible cases
2 years, 7 months ago

Monkeypox is rare in children, but K-12 schools are preparing for possible cases

CNN  

CNN — An elementary student in Georgia has tested positive for monkeypox, raising questions about how concerned schools should be about the small risk of the virus spreading among children as they head back to class. Amid back-to-school season and an ongoing global outbreak of monkeypox, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention emphasizes in guidance for K-12 schools …

Netherlands 5th worst in Europe for monkeypox infections; Dutch total at 1,136
2 years, 7 months ago

Netherlands 5th worst in Europe for monkeypox infections; Dutch total at 1,136

NL Times  

The Netherlands has one of the highest total number of confirmed monkeypox cases in all of Europe. The RIVM said the number of infections diagnosed last week was a sign that the spread of monkeypox may be levelling off. Thus far, the most cases in the Netherlands have been found in the combined region of Noord-Holland and Flevoland, where 671 …

Discover Related