Explained | El Niño, La Niña and changing weather patterns

The story so far: A new study projects that climate change will significantly impact El Niño-La Niña weather patterns approximately by 2030 — a decade before what was earlier predicted, and around four decades earlier than the suggested timeline without separating the two regimes. El Niño and La Niña are atmospheric patterns that influence warming and cooling of sea surface temperatures in the Central and Equatorial Pacific. El Niño Southern Oscillation The combination of El Niño, La Niña, and the neutral state between the two opposite effects is called the El Niño Southern Oscillation. The impact on India’s monsoons In India, El Niño causes weak rainfall and more heat, while La Niña intensifies rainfall across South Asia, particularly in India’s northwest and Bangladesh during the monsoon.