What is Driving India's New Diplomatic Strategy with the Taliban?
The QuintThe recent meeting highlights that a convergence of various factors will intricately shape India’s engagement with Afghanistan in the future. China was among the first countries to formalise diplomatic relations with the Taliban-led government and, in September 2023, reified its stance by appointing an ambassador to Kabul and subsequently receiving a Taliban representative as ambassador to Beijing in 2024. China has also deepened its economic involvement in Afghanistan, such as the $540 million investment deal signed by Xinjiang Central Asia Petroleum and Gas Company with the Taliban to extract oil from the Amu Darya basin in 2023, thereby becoming the first significant energy extraction contract with a foreign firm that Taliban 2.0 had since the takeover. Later, in 2024, China also signalled possible tariff-free trade with Afghanistan that would provide the stagnant, though resource-rich, economy access to Chinese markets, especially for minerals like lithium, iron, and copper. Border disputes souring over the Durand Line, accompanied by the Taliban’s support for the Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan, which has recently intensified its attacks within Pakistan – with the recent one being the abduction of mine workers in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.