India first to develop long-range hypersonic missile: Defence experts
3 weeks, 1 day ago

India first to develop long-range hypersonic missile: Defence experts

New Indian Express  

BHUBANESWAR: India is the first country to develop a long-range hypersonic missile that can travel more than eight times the speed of sound and is a game-changer in global defence technology which no other countries have, claimed defence scientists. The Defence Research and Development Organisation recently test-fired the country’s first long-range hypersonic missile that can carry both conventional and nuclear warheads to a distance exceeding 1,500 km at a speed of nearly 3 km per second. Although in terms of technology, India is the fourth country to possess a hypersonic missile, it is the first country to have successfully tested a hypersonic missile that can travel twice the range of the missile that Russia has in its arsenal. “The hypersonic missile that India now possesses is unique in terms of speed, range, precision and detectability.

India Missile Range Hypersonic  speed  country  range  hypersonic  develop  technology  defence  travel  experts  longrange  missile  india  terms

History of this topic

India rides high as missile with cutting-edge SFDR technology tested successfully
1 week, 3 days ago

India rides high as missile with cutting-edge SFDR technology tested successfully

New Indian Express  

BHUBANESWAR: In yet another technological accomplishment, the Defence Research and Development Organisation successfully conducted the final round test of the solid fuel ducted ramjet propulsion based missile system from a defence facility off the Odisha coast on Friday. The indigenously developed missile system was test-fired from a static launcher at the launching complex-III of the integrated test range. Defence sources …

Hypersonic, ballistic missile launches underscore India's weapons prowess
3 weeks, 4 days ago

Hypersonic, ballistic missile launches underscore India's weapons prowess

Hindustan Times  

The successful launch of India’s first long-range hypersonic missile and the first test of the 3,500km K-4 nuclear-capable ballistic missile from a submarine have put the spotlight on the country’s growing prowess in indigenously developing advanced weapon systems to strengthen the military’s capabilities. This includes achievements ranging from successfully testing the second phase of India’s ballistic missile defence system to …

India to continue missile tests in future to strengthen its armoury: Sources
1 month ago

India to continue missile tests in future to strengthen its armoury: Sources

India Today  

India is planning to continue missile tests in the coming future to achieve its objective of creating a strong armoury of missiles, sources said. The tests in future will be focused on developing and testing both long and medium-range missiles of different types, defence sources added while speaking to India Today TV. Hypersonic missiles are considered the next frontier in …

Is Pakistan scared of India's defence supremacy?
1 month ago

Is Pakistan scared of India's defence supremacy?

India Today  

In the high-stakes world of military strategy, Pakistan’s relentless pursuit to match India's advancements has become increasingly evident. India’s successful test-flight of its first long-range hypersonic missile last week has intensified speculation about Pakistan’s next move. India’s Hypersonic Breakthrough The test-firing of India’s hypersonic missile has sent ripples across South Asia, with defence analysts warning of a potential arms race …

Hypersonic missiles: The age of AI is raising risk levels
1 month ago

Hypersonic missiles: The age of AI is raising risk levels

Live Mint  

It’s a no-brainer that global geopolitics is dictating the modern arms race, with security concerns, power struggles and shifting alliances driving nations to expand and modernize their military capabilities. The successful testing of India’s indigenously-developed long-range hypersonic missile supports this contention, while marking a big leap in the country’s tech capability. There are two primary types, both fast and sneaky: …

In Graphics l What are hypersonic missiles that India now boasts of developing?
1 month ago

In Graphics l What are hypersonic missiles that India now boasts of developing?

Firstpost  

India successfully test-fired its first long-range hypersonic missile off the coast of Odisha on Sunday. Calling this a ‘historic achievement’, Defence Minister Rajnath Singh announced that India is now placed among the select group of countries that possess such advanced military capabilities India’s Defence Research and Development Organisation achieved a historic feat as it successfully test-fired the nation’s maiden long-range …

How DRDO’s successful hypersonic missile test will boost India’s deterrence capability
Trending News
1 month ago

How DRDO’s successful hypersonic missile test will boost India’s deterrence capability

Firstpost  

This test marks an important milestone in India’s strategic deterrence capabilities, and now India is among a select group of nations, which includes the United States, Russia, and China The Defence Research and Development Organisation on November 16, 2024, conducted a successful flight test of a long-range hypersonic missile from the APJ Abdul Kalam Island off the Odisha coast. Hypersonic …

India in elite club after successful long-range hypersonic missile test
1 month ago

India in elite club after successful long-range hypersonic missile test

New Indian Express  

BHUBANESWAR/NEW DELHI: In a significant demonstration of India’s growing military prowess, the Defence Research and Development Organisation on Saturday successfully flight-tested the country’s first long-range hypersonic missile from Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Island, off Odisha coast. The test missile was launched from a ground-based mobile launcher positioned at the launching complex-IV of the Integrated Test Range at Dr APJ Abdul …

Why India's hypersonic missile test is a strategic game-changer
1 month ago

Why India's hypersonic missile test is a strategic game-changer

India Today  

India’s Defence Research and Development Organisation successfully conducted a test-firing of the country’s first hypersonic missile yesterday. The test - which took place on Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam Island off the coast of Odisha - marked a step forward for India’s military capabilities. Lt. Gen. Shankar explained that the successful hypersonic missile test matters for a few key reasons. This …

How India's hypersonic missile test puts China, Pakistan on notice
1 month ago

How India's hypersonic missile test puts China, Pakistan on notice

India Today  

Taking a crucial step towards getting India into the elite group of countries to have hypersonic missiles in its military arsenal, the Defence Research and Development Organisation has successfully flight-tested the country’s first long-range hypersonic missile from the Dr A.P.J. Missile scientists claim India has indigenously developed the technology for the hypersonic missile to take unpredictable trajectories and elude interceptor …

India test-fires its first long-range hypersonic missile
1 month ago

India test-fires its first long-range hypersonic missile

Hindustan Times  

India on Sunday announced that the Defence Research and Development Organisation has successfully test-fired the country’s first long-range hypersonic missile off the Odisha coast, a step towards strengthening the military’s capabilities with a new weapon system. Flight trial of DRDO's long range hypersonic missile being successfully conducted at Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam Island, off-the-coast of Odisha. “India has achieved a …

India successfully tests its first long-range hypersonic missile, MoD calls it a 'historic moment'
1 month ago

India successfully tests its first long-range hypersonic missile, MoD calls it a 'historic moment'

Firstpost  

The hypersonic missile is designed to carry several payloads for ranges greater than 1500 km. It can be used by all the services of the Indian Armed Forces The flight trial of the long range hypersonic missile was conducted on Saturday night. X/ @Rajnath Singh India’s Defence Research and Development Organisation successfully conducted a flight trial of a long-range hypersonic …

India successfully test fires long-range hypersonic missile, joins select club
1 month ago

India successfully test fires long-range hypersonic missile, joins select club

Hindustan Times  

This hypersonic missile can reportedly carry various payloads for ranges over 1500km for all the Services of the Indian Armed Forces. The Defence Research and Development Organisation on Saturday conducted a successful flight test of long range hypersonic missile from the Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Island off the Odisha coast in what was termed as a ‘major milestone’ by Defence …

India’s First Long-Range Hypersonic Missile Test Successful
1 month ago

India’s First Long-Range Hypersonic Missile Test Successful

Deccan Chronicle  

New Delhi: India achieved a major milestone by successfully conducting its first trial of a long-range hypersonic missile, marking a significant advancement in the country’s defence capabilities. Defence minister Rajnath Singh lauded the achievement, describing it as a "historic moment" and a "stupendous" accomplishment under the nation’s first long-range hypersonic mission. "This significant achievement has placed India among the select …

‘India successfully conducts flight trial of long-range hypersonic missile,’ says Rajnath Singh
1 month ago

‘India successfully conducts flight trial of long-range hypersonic missile,’ says Rajnath Singh

Live Mint  

The Defence Research and Development Organisation successfully conducted a flight trial of its long-range hypersonic missile on November 16, 2024, from Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Island, off-the-coast of Odisha. In a post on X, Defence Minister Rajnath Singh congratulated DRDO, the Armed Forces and the Industry for the successful flight trial of the country's first long-range hypersonic mission, and termed …

DRDO conducts successful flight trial of long-range hypersonic missile | WATCH
1 month ago

DRDO conducts successful flight trial of long-range hypersonic missile | WATCH

India TV News  

India achieved a historic milestone in defence technology by successfully conducting a flight trial of a long-range hypersonic missile on Saturday. This groundbreaking achievement cements India’s position among the select group of nations possessing advanced hypersonic missile technology. The missile is the result of extensive research and development carried out by the laboratories of the Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam Missile …

India’s first long-range hypersonic missile flight trials successful
1 month ago

India’s first long-range hypersonic missile flight trials successful

New Indian Express  

NEW DELHI: India achieved a significant milestone in missile technology with the successful flight trial of its first long-range hypersonic missile, conducted on Saturday night. The Defence Research and Development Organisation launched the missile from a mobile ground-based launcher at the Integrated Test Range, Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Island, off the coast of Odisha, around 6.55 pm. The missile was …

Navy to test new anti-ship ballistic missile with 1,000 km range soon
1 month, 1 week ago

Navy to test new anti-ship ballistic missile with 1,000 km range soon

India Today  

India will test its new anti-ship ballistic missile, which will be able to strike targets at a range of over 1,000 km in a major step towards bolstering firepower of the defence forces. The missile test is scheduled to be held in the next few days, which would be done from the eastern coast of the country, top sources told …

Another Russian scientist jailed for treason: What are hypersonic missiles he was working on?
3 months, 2 weeks ago

Another Russian scientist jailed for treason: What are hypersonic missiles he was working on?

Firstpost  

Hypersonic missiles travel at speeds greater than Mach 5. Unlike traditional ballistic missiles’ predictable trajectory, hypersonic missiles can manoeuver within the atmosphere, making them much harder to detect and intercept Russia has touted its hypersonic missiles as a leap ahead of the world. Representative image/AFP A Russian court on Tuesday sentenced physicist Alexander Shiplyuk to 15 years in prison on …

Japan, US Sign Deal to Develop Hypersonic Missile Intercept System
6 months ago

Japan, US Sign Deal to Develop Hypersonic Missile Intercept System

The Diplomat  

The U.S. Department of Defense and the Japanese Ministry of Defense have signed a project arrangement to move ahead with the joint development of the Glide Phase Interceptor, which takes on incoming hypersonic missiles. Japan’s defense chief said that the development of the GPI is scheduled to be completed in the 2030s but that the two nations “will steadily move …

N. Korea says it tested a new hypersonic intermediate-range missile that is easier to hide
8 months, 2 weeks ago

N. Korea says it tested a new hypersonic intermediate-range missile that is easier to hide

LA Times  

This photo provided by the North Korean government shows the test-fire of what they call an intermediate-range ballistic missile on the outskirts of Pyongyang, North Korea, on Tuesday. North Korea said Wednesday it had tested a new hypersonic intermediate-range missile powered with solid propellants, extending a run of weapons tests that’s deepening a nuclear standoff with neighbors and the United …

North Korea says it tested a new hypersonic intermediate-range missile that’s easier to hide
8 months, 2 weeks ago

North Korea says it tested a new hypersonic intermediate-range missile that’s easier to hide

Associated Press  

SEOUL, South Korea — North Korea said Wednesday it had tested a new hypersonic intermediate-range missile powered with solid propellants, extending a run of weapons tests that’s deepening a nuclear standoff with neighbors and the United States. The report by North Korean state media came a day after the South Korean and Japanese militaries detected a missile launched from near …

Lagging Behind Russia, USA Announces Test Of Hypersonic Missile; Putin Already Using Them In Ukraine
9 months ago

Lagging Behind Russia, USA Announces Test Of Hypersonic Missile; Putin Already Using Them In Ukraine

Hindustan Times  

Lagging Behind Russia, USA Announces Test Of Hypersonic Missile; Putin Already Using Them In Ukraine The US Air Force conducted a successful test of a hypersonic mission in the Pacific Ocean on March 19. In a statement, the US Air Force said the test of an air-launched rapid response weapon was conducted after a B-52 bomber left the island of …

The MIRV leap that fires up India’s nuclear deterrence
9 months ago

The MIRV leap that fires up India’s nuclear deterrence

The Hindu  

The Agni-5 ballistic missile test dubbed the “Divyastra”, that was conducted by the Defence Research and Development Organisation, is strategically consequential. China is building ballistic missile defences such as the Hongqi ground-based ballistic missile interceptors, which have been tested, but their capacity to intercept Intermediate Range Ballistic Missiles such as the Agni-5 is still suspect. Ballistic missile defences paired to …

India conducts first test flight of domestically developed missile that can carry multiple warheads
9 months, 1 week ago

India conducts first test flight of domestically developed missile that can carry multiple warheads

LA Times  

The nuclear-capable intercontinental ballistic Agni-V missile is displayed during a 2013 Republic Day parade, in New Delhi, India. India has successfully conducted its first test flight of a domestically developed missile that can carry multiple warheads, Prime Minister Narendra Modi said Monday. The missile is equipped with multiple independently targetable reentry vehicles, Modi said in a post on X, formerly …

Hypersonic Missiles Are Game-Changers, and America Doesn’t Have Them
1 year, 3 months ago

Hypersonic Missiles Are Game-Changers, and America Doesn’t Have Them

Live Mint  

The weapon Beijing launched over the South China Sea traveled at speeds of more than 15,000 miles an hour as it circled the globe. The U.S., which has conducted just a fraction of the number of China’s flight tests, has yet to deploy any actual hypersonic missiles. Among other things, American researchers published on computational fluid dynamics, which helps model …

Iran has a new hypersonic missile. Here’s what that means for the Middle East
1 year, 6 months ago

Iran has a new hypersonic missile. Here’s what that means for the Middle East

CNN  

Editor’s Note: A version of this story appears in CNN’s Meanwhile in the Middle East newsletter, a three-times-a-week look inside the region’s biggest stories. The hypersonic projectile has the ability to “penetrate all air defense missile systems and detonate them,” Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps’ Aerospace Force Commander Brigadier General Amir Ali Hajizadeh said in comments published by the semi-official …

Iran unveils what it calls a hypersonic missile able to beat air defenses amid tensions with US
1 year, 6 months ago

Iran unveils what it calls a hypersonic missile able to beat air defenses amid tensions with US

Associated Press  

DUBAI, United Arab Emirates — Iran claimed on Tuesday that it had created a hypersonic missile capable of traveling at 15 times the speed of sound, adding a new weapon to its arsenal as tensions remain high with the United States over Tehran’s nuclear program. The new missile — called Fattah, or “Conqueror” in Farsi — was unveiled even as …

Iran's new 'hypersonic' missile - 'Conqueror' - can defeat any regional defence system: Report
1 year, 6 months ago

Iran's new 'hypersonic' missile - 'Conqueror' - can defeat any regional defence system: Report

Hindustan Times  

Iran claimed on Tuesday that it had created a hypersonic missile capable of traveling at 15 times the speed of sound. Iran's state television reported that the missile — called Fattah, or “Conqueror” in Farsi — had a range of up to 1,400 kilometers. The report also claimed the missile could pass through any regional missile defense system, though it …

Dedicated rocket forces: Options and challenges for India
1 year, 7 months ago

Dedicated rocket forces: Options and challenges for India

Firstpost  

As per its defence strategy and doctrinal positions, China is expected to extensively use its rocket forces during the initial days of the conflict. Till now, India’s ballistic missiles were meant to carry nuclear warheads as part of the minimum credible deterrence strategy. According to Pentagon estimates, this includes 1,200 conventionally armed short-range ballistic missiles, 200 to 300 conventional medium-range …

India can develop hypersonic missiles in 8 yrs post govt nod: BrahMos Aerospace
1 year, 10 months ago

India can develop hypersonic missiles in 8 yrs post govt nod: BrahMos Aerospace

India Today  

Considering the critical role hypersonic missiles played in the Russia-Ukraine war, BrahMos Aerospace Corporation on Tuesday said if such a missile was required in India, it could be developed within eight years. “If we want a hypersonic missile, we will take only eight years to develop it after approval from the government,” said the corporation. “The missile already flies at …

Iran says it has built hypersonic ballistic missile
2 years, 1 month ago

Iran says it has built hypersonic ballistic missile

The Hindu  

Iran has built a hypersonic ballistic missile, the semi-official Tasnim news agency quoted the Revolutionary Guards' aerospace commander as saying, in remarks likely to heighten concerns about Iranian missile capabilities. However, there have been no reports of such a missile being tested by Iran and, while the Islamic Republic has developed a large domestic arms industry in the face of …

Iran claims to have developed hypersonic missile
2 years, 1 month ago

Iran claims to have developed hypersonic missile

Firstpost  

While countries like the United States have developed systems designed to defend against cruise and ballistic missiles, the ability to track and take down a hypersonic missile remains a question Tehran: Iran has developed a hypersonic missile capable of penetrating all defence systems, General Amirali Hajizadeh, the commander of its Revolutionary Guards aerospace unit, said Thursday. “This hypersonic ballistic missile …

US Army and Navy launch rocket successfully testing hypersonic weapon
2 years, 1 month ago

US Army and Navy launch rocket successfully testing hypersonic weapon

Daily Mail  

Darpa, the US army's scientific wing, recently announced successful tests of what it called a HAWC missile UNITED STATES The US military has a number of hypersonic weapons programs across the Navy, Army and Air Force but most are still in development phase and highly top secret. Darpa, the US army's scientific wing, recently announced successful tests of what it …

India Successfully Test-fires Extended-range Version of BrahMos Missile from Sukhoi Fighter Jet
2 years, 7 months ago

India Successfully Test-fires Extended-range Version of BrahMos Missile from Sukhoi Fighter Jet

News 18  

To boost the country’s strategic strike capability, India on Thursday successfully test-fired an extended-range version of the BrahMos supersonic air-launched missile from a Sukhoi fighter jet in the Bay of Bengal. The Ministry of Defence said it was the first launch of the extended range version of the BrahMos missile from a Su-30MKI aircraft. The missile achieved a direct hit …

China, India and Russia have advantages on hypersonic, says US Senator
2 years, 8 months ago

China, India and Russia have advantages on hypersonic, says US Senator

Firstpost  

Dr William LaPlante, to be undersecretary of defence for acquisition and sustainment, said he hopes to begin immediately to accelerate getting into the mainstream weapons systems Washington: The US is no longer dominating several advanced technologies, an influential American Senator has observed here, saying that China, India and Russia have advantages on hypersonic. Hypersonic, clearly, China and India, Russia have …

India successfully test fires surface to surface BrahMos cruise missile
2 years, 9 months ago

India successfully test fires surface to surface BrahMos cruise missile

India Today  

Defence Research and Development Organisation on Wednesday successfully test fired the surface to surface BrahMos supersonic cruise missile in the Andaman and Nicobar islands. The extended range missile testfiring was witnessed by Air Chief Marshal VR Chaudhari and other defence officials. READ | Indian Navy successfully test fires advanced version of BrahMos missile The BrahMos missile was recently in the …

Understanding hypersonic weapons
2 years, 9 months ago

Understanding hypersonic weapons

The Hindu  

The story so far: On Saturday, the Russian Defence Ministry spokesperson Major General Igor Konashenkov said the “Kinzhal aviation missile system with hypersonic aeroballistic missiles destroyed a large underground warehouse containing missiles and aviation ammunition in the village of Deliatyn in the Ivano-Frankivsk region.” On Monday, U.S. President Joe Biden confirmed that Russia used hypersonic missiles in its offensive in …

the view from india Misfired missile
2 years, 9 months ago

the view from india Misfired missile

The Hindu  

This article forms a part of the View From India newsletter curated by The Hindu’s foreign affairs experts. “The grave nature of the incident raises several fundamental questions regarding security protocols and technical safeguards against accidental or unauthorised launch of missiles in a nuclearised environment,” Pakistan’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs said in a statement. “That objective can be achieved without …

India tests quasi-ballistic surface-to-surface missile
3 years ago

India tests quasi-ballistic surface-to-surface missile

Deccan Chronicle  

New Delhi: India on Wednesday tested a new surface-to-surface missile “Pralay”. “The Defence Research and Development Organisation successfully conducted the maiden flight test of indigenously-developed surface-to-surface missile ‘Pralay’ from the Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Island off the coast of Odisha on December 22,” the defence ministry said in a statement, adding that the missile has met all its objectives. “The …

Rajnath: India must develop Hypersonic Cruise Missiles
3 years ago

Rajnath: India must develop Hypersonic Cruise Missiles

Deccan Chronicle  

New Delhi: Amid global concern over China recently testing a nuclear-capable hypersonic missile, defence minister Rajnath Singh said on Tuesday that India must immediately move towards developing hypersonic cruise missiles to maintain minimum credible deterrence against its enemies. “In order to maintain a minimum credible deterrence, we have to immediately think about hypersonic cruise missile development. A US Congressional Research …

Need to quickly think about development of hypersonic cruise missiles: Rajnath
3 years ago

Need to quickly think about development of hypersonic cruise missiles: Rajnath

The Hindu  

Ballistic missile defences were getting “robust” day by day and to maintain a minimum credible deterrence, India should quickly think about developing hypersonic cruise missiles, Defence Minister Rajnath Singh said on Tuesday. So, in order to maintain our minimum credible deterrence, we should quickly think about developing hypersonic cruise missiles,” he noted. At the event, Mr. Singh handed over five …

India tests nuclear-capable missile amid tensions with China
3 years, 1 month ago

India tests nuclear-capable missile amid tensions with China

LA Times  

India’s ballistic missile Agni-5 is believed to be able to strike nearly all of China. India has test-fired a nuclear-capable intercontinental ballistic missile with a range of 3,125 miles from an island off its east coast amid rising border tensions with China. Beijing’s powerful missile arsenal has driven New Delhi to improve its weapons systems in recent years, with the …

Hypersonic hyperdrive: China and Russia ahead of US in next-generation weapons race
3 years, 2 months ago

Hypersonic hyperdrive: China and Russia ahead of US in next-generation weapons race

India Today  

Three nations are in hyperdrive to develop and induct hypersonic delivery systems to add to their already staggering weaponry. Now, the US military is setting up its own satellite constellation as part of its space defence specific to the threat from potential Chinese hypersonic missile systems. FT's report said that "China tested a nuclear-capable hypersonic missile in August that circled …

China denies report of hypersonic missile test
3 years, 2 months ago

China denies report of hypersonic missile test

Al Jazeera  

Beijing dismisses the report in the Financial Times as inaccurate, saying it tested a space vehicle instead. “It was not a missile, it was a space vehicle,” ministry spokesman Zhao Lijian told a regular press briefing in Beijing when asked about the newspaper’s report, adding it had been a “routine test” for the purpose of testing technology to reuse the …

China tested new space capability with hypersonic missile: Report
3 years, 2 months ago

China tested new space capability with hypersonic missile: Report

Al Jazeera  

Financial Times says launch of nuclear-capable missile in August took US intelligence by surprise. China has tested a new space capability with a hypersonic missile, according to the Financial Times. The missile circled the Earth at low orbit before speeding towards its target, according to the sources, “demonstrating an advanced space capability that caught US intelligence by surprise”. However, two …

US successfully flight tests Raytheon hypersonic weapon, says Pentagon
3 years, 2 months ago

US successfully flight tests Raytheon hypersonic weapon, says Pentagon

India Today  

The United States has tested an air-breathing hypersonic weapon capable of speeds faster than five times the speed of sound, marking the first successful test of the class of weapon since 2013, the Pentagon said on Monday. READ: North Korea test-fires new long-range cruise missile that poses 'considerable threat' The free flight test of the Hypersonic Air-breathing Weapon Concept occurred …

EXPLAINED: As India Plans Agni V Test, Here's How It'll Boost Deterrence And Why China Is Not Amused
3 years, 2 months ago

EXPLAINED: As India Plans Agni V Test, Here's How It'll Boost Deterrence And Why China Is Not Amused

News 18  

First, it was nuclear submarines for Australia and now a test of a long-range missile capable of carrying nuclear warheads. The upcoming test — said to have been scheduled for September-end, it’s set for some time in October, reports said — described as its “first user trials” was reportedly to assess the ability of the missile to carry multiple warheads, …

Project Force: Hypersonic weapons and the new space race
3 years, 9 months ago

Project Force: Hypersonic weapons and the new space race

Al Jazeera  

In the never-ending quest to find weapons that will give a country the power it needs to knock out its adversaries, a new type of weapon has emerged: ultra-fast “hypersonic” missiles that can change targets anywhere on Earth within an hour. Outer space – the new ‘warfighting domain’ While this new class of weapon is being developed at breakneck pace, …

Discover Related