Proposed GST slab of 35 percent is a deterrent for growth
5 days, 5 hours ago

Proposed GST slab of 35 percent is a deterrent for growth

Deccan Chronicle  

The Government brought in historic tax reforms with the introduction of the Goods and Services tax in 2017, promoting simplicity, while reducing the tax burden. As per media reports, the Group of Ministers on GST Rates Rationalisation has recently proposed a new slab of GST at 35% over and above the existing 4 slabs to products such as aerated drinks and tobacco products considered as demerit goods.The recommendations of the GoM is perplexing since it is purportedly meant to be focusing on rationalisation of rates. Countries tend to tax so called ‘sin’ products due to primarily two reasons, one to increase revenue collection without much change in demand, since these products tend to be inelastic to costs and two with the policy objective of making such taxes an effective economic deterrent / making them less attractive to their consumers and hopefully pushing such consumers to safer alternatives.It is pertinent to note that most major economies with GST or GST like taxation regimes tend to have lesser number of slabs and in any case have a significantly lesser top slab for taxation rate. However, a uniform tax on sugar carbonated drinks inhibits producers from investing and innovating to produce products with low sugar content due to the high tax rate. It is safe to say that such high GST slab at least at the level of being a useful deterrent, misses the woods for the trees from a policy objective perspective, In conclusion, lower rates encourage businesses to be compliant whereas higher rates encourage tax evasion.

India Tax Tobacco Products Sugar Gst Slab  lower  35  products  tobacco  cigarettes  gst  india  proposed  rates  growth  deterrent  slab  sugar  tax

History of this topic

DC Edit | Rationalise GST in two slabs
22 hours, 41 minutes ago

DC Edit | Rationalise GST in two slabs

Deccan Chronicle  

The Goods and Services Tax Council meeting appears to have ended up as a no-event without taking any major decision. While on one hand the government advocates rationalisation of tax slabs, on the other, it proposed three different rates for popcorn based on its taste and packaging. Pre-packed and labelled salted and spicy, ready-to-eat popcorn will attract 12 per cent …

GST’s popcorn moment leaves everyone with bitter aftertaste
Top News
1 day, 18 hours ago

GST’s popcorn moment leaves everyone with bitter aftertaste

New Indian Express  

The 55th GST Council meeting ended without any significant announcements. While it is true that with every passing year, the GST—once hailed as a good and simple tax—is becoming more complex, one cannot deny that tax rules, beyond a point, cannot be simple, howsoever hard one may try. The issue of the tax rate of Malabar parotta is yet to …

55th GST council meeting in Jaisalmer on December 21, 2024: Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman media briefing
2 days, 3 hours ago

55th GST council meeting in Jaisalmer on December 21, 2024: Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman media briefing

The Hindu  

A much-anticipated review of the Goods and Services Tax levies on life and health insurance policies was put off by the apex body in charge of the indirect tax regime, the GST Council at its 55th meeting on Saturday, as some members sought more discussions on the matter before taking a final call. Moreover, rate rationalisation suggestions pertaining to about …

GST Council meets to decide on lower taxes on insurance policies, ATF inclusion
Trending News
2 days, 10 hours ago

GST Council meets to decide on lower taxes on insurance policies, ATF inclusion

Deccan Chronicle  

Jaisalmer: The 55th GST Council meeting which is expected to decide on reducing the tax rate on health and life insurance, besides considering rate rejigs on 148 items began here on Saturday. However, 18 per cent GST will continue on premiums paid for policies with health insurance cover of over Rs 5 lakh. The four-tier tax slab of 5, 12, …

GST Council postpones decision to cut tax on insurance, rate panel defers report submission
Top News
2 days, 10 hours ago

GST Council postpones decision to cut tax on insurance, rate panel defers report submission

The Hindu  

A GST Council meeting on Saturday postponed a decision on reducing taxes on health and life insurance, while the much talked-about GoM recommendation of rate rejig in 148 items was not tabled before the Council. “We will submit the GoM report on rate rationalisation in next meeting of Council,” said Mr. Chaudhary who is the convenor of the panel. The …

Retailers urge FM and GST Council not to go for higher 35 pc tax rate
1 week, 4 days ago

Retailers urge FM and GST Council not to go for higher 35 pc tax rate

Live Mint  

New Delhi, Dec 12 Indian Sellers Collective, an umbrella body of trade associations and sellers across the country, has urged the finance minister and the GST Council not to accept some of GST rate rationalisation suggestions, including the proposal for inclusion of a special rate of 35 per cent on some products. The sellers body is of the view that …

GST rate hike claims are ‘premature, speculative’
2 weeks, 6 days ago

GST rate hike claims are ‘premature, speculative’

The Hindu  

The Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs on Tuesday dismissed reports indicating significant indirect tax rate changes and hikes on the Goods and Services Tax rates of various goods and services, as “premature and speculative”, and stressed that a ministerial group tasked with rationalising the multiple GST rates is yet to finalise its recommendations. While the GST Council, which …

GoM proposes GST hike: Cigarettes, tobacco, aerated beverages may be hiked to 35%; GST Council decision on Dec 21
2 weeks, 6 days ago

GoM proposes GST hike: Cigarettes, tobacco, aerated beverages may be hiked to 35%; GST Council decision on Dec 21

The Hindu  

The GoM on GST rate rationalisation on Monday decided to hike tax on sin goods like aerated beverages, cigarettes, tobacco and related products to 35% from the present 28%, an official said. In total, the GoM on rate rationalisation will propose tax rate tweaks on 148 items to the GST Council. The four-tier tax slab of 5, 12, 18, and …

GST Council Considers Steep 35% Hike On Cigarettes, Tobacco Products
Trending News
2 weeks, 6 days ago

GST Council Considers Steep 35% Hike On Cigarettes, Tobacco Products

ABP News  

The Group of Ministers on Goods and Services Tax rate rationalisation has proposed significant changes to tax rates, including a hike on sin goods like aerated beverages, cigarettes, and tobacco products, increasing the tax to 35 per cent from the current 28 per cent. Under the proposed structure: Readymade garments costing up to Rs 1,500 will attract 5 per cent …

GST on cigarettes, tobacco, aerated drinks may rise to 35%: Report
2 weeks, 6 days ago

GST on cigarettes, tobacco, aerated drinks may rise to 35%: Report

India Today  

The Group of Ministers on GST rate rationalisation has proposed increasing the tax on products such as aerated beverages, cigarettes, and other tobacco-related items to 35%, up from the current rate of 28%, reported news agency PTI. GST RATE CHANGES DISCUSSED The GoM, led by Bihar Deputy Chief Minister Samrat Choudhary, met on Monday to finalise the proposed rate adjustments. …

GST on cigarettes, tobacco, aerated beverages likely to be hiked: Here’s what we know
Trending News
3 weeks ago

GST on cigarettes, tobacco, aerated beverages likely to be hiked: Here’s what we know

Live Mint  

The Group of Ministers on Monday, December 2 decided to hike the rate of goods and service tax charged on goods like aerated beverages, cigarettes, tobacco and related products to 35 per cent, from its current level of 28 per cent, reported the news agency PTI citing an official aware of the development. The four-tier tax slab of 5, 12, …

GST Council To Meet In Jaisalmer On Dec 21; Key Decisions On Insurance And Rate Cuts Likely
1 month ago

GST Council To Meet In Jaisalmer On Dec 21; Key Decisions On Insurance And Rate Cuts Likely

ABP News  

The 55th meeting of the GST Council, chaired by Union Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman, is scheduled for December 21 in Jaisalmer, Rajasthan. The council, comprising state finance ministers, is expected to deliberate on major tax policy changes, including a decision on exempting or reducing GST rates on health and life insurance policies. Following discussions last month, the GoM has proposed …

GST Revenue Trends: A Rollercoaster Ride of Ups and Downs
1 month, 2 weeks ago

GST Revenue Trends: A Rollercoaster Ride of Ups and Downs

The Hindu  

GST revenue trends have been volatile this year, with growth in gross and net receipts exceeding that of the previous year's highest points, but falling short of the previous year's overall growth. While the year started with a strong surge in April, subsequent months have shown a decline in growth. The latest GST receipts indicate a positive trend, but it …

GST rate rationalisation: GoM discusses pruning 12% slab, next meeting on October 20
2 months, 3 weeks ago

GST rate rationalisation: GoM discusses pruning 12% slab, next meeting on October 20

The Hindu  

The Group of Ministers on GST rate rationalisation has discussed tax rate tweaks on over 100 items, including lowering taxes on certain goods from 12% to 5%, to give relief to the common man, West Bengal Finance Minister Chandrima Bhattacharya said on Thursday, September 26, 2024. She said items used by the common man should attract lower tax rates and …

GST Council Meeting: what is cheaper and costlier
3 months, 1 week ago

GST Council Meeting: what is cheaper and costlier

The Hindu  

The 54th GST Council meeting, held in New Delhi on Monday announced several changes to the existing Goods and Services Tax slabs. The Council decided to reduce the GST rate on cancer drugs Trastuzumab Deruxtecan, Osimertinib and Durvalumab from 12% to 5%. Namkeens, or savoury snacks, will also become cheaper after the GST on extruded/expanded savoury food products is reduced …

Priorities askew with high insurance tax, cheaper fried snacks
3 months, 1 week ago

Priorities askew with high insurance tax, cheaper fried snacks

New Indian Express  

The GST Council, which reviews the goods and services tax levied on specific items and categories, has thoughtfully reduced the tax on a few cancer drugs and on educational institutions’ R&D services. But for reasons that are still cloudy, the council has also given cholesterol a boost by reducing the rate on fried snacks to 12 percent and rewarded high-fliers …

GST Council lowers tax on cancer drugs to 5%, to finalise cuts on health and life insurance premiums
3 months, 2 weeks ago

GST Council lowers tax on cancer drugs to 5%, to finalise cuts on health and life insurance premiums

New Indian Express  

MUMBAI: After much hue and cry over 18% GST on health and life insurance premiums, the GST Council in its 54th meeting on Monday reached a broad consensus on reducing taxes and decided to constitute a Group of Ministers to deliberate on the issue. In the meeting chaired by Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman, the GST Council also made several key …

GST Council meets today to discuss rate rationalisation, tax on insurance
3 months, 2 weeks ago

GST Council meets today to discuss rate rationalisation, tax on insurance

New Indian Express  

MUMBAI: The GST Council will be meeting later on Monday to discuss an array of important issues, including the much-discussed GST rate on life and health insurance policies. The meeting may also discuss rationalisation of rate structure under the GST. As per sources, the Council may also announce extending the GST amnesty scheme for another year—FY21. In addition to these …

A fresh start: On the Goods and Services Tax Council meet
5 months, 3 weeks ago

A fresh start: On the Goods and Services Tax Council meet

The Hindu  

The Goods and Services Tax Council was convened last week for the first time in nearly nine months. Apart from several industry-specific measures, a few of which will kick in with retrospective effect, the Council also opted to waive interest and penalty on tax dues for the first three years of GST, provided they are paid by March 2025. Beyond …

GST on milk cans reduced from 18 percent to 12 percent, propagandists try to imply that a new tax has been introduced
6 months ago

GST on milk cans reduced from 18 percent to 12 percent, propagandists try to imply that a new tax has been introduced

Op India  

On Saturday, June 22, Goods and Services Tax Council meeting took place where several key decisions were taken by the council. The Council… pic.twitter.com/FfUvl1Gi3d — Nirmala Sitharaman Office June 22, 2024 Shortly after the decision was announced, a social media narrative started to subtly push the agenda that a new 12% tax has been introduced on milk cans by Modi …

53rd GST Council Meet Tomorrow: What's The Key Expectations?
6 months ago

53rd GST Council Meet Tomorrow: What's The Key Expectations?

Live Law  

About Eight and a half months after its previous meeting, the Center has decided to call a meeting of the Goods and Services Tax Council on June 22, 2024.Although the meeting's agenda is yet unknown, state finance ministers should bring forth ideas for an indirect tax system that might be included in the Union Budget, which is anticipated to be …

GST dilemma: The burden of related party transactions
6 months ago

GST dilemma: The burden of related party transactions

New Indian Express  

Introduction: The Goods and Services Tax marks a pivotal transformation in the landscape of taxation, fundamentally altering the way taxes are assessed and collected. Delving into its intricacies, particularly concerning Related Party Transactions, holds paramount importance for businesses endeavouring to navigate the realms of regulatory compliance and financial prudence effectively. GST implementation & Objectives: Introduced in India in July 2017, …

Gujarat High Court Upholds 12% GST On Mango Pulp Since GST Inception, Rejects Petitioner's Claims For Lower Tax Rate
6 months, 4 weeks ago

Gujarat High Court Upholds 12% GST On Mango Pulp Since GST Inception, Rejects Petitioner's Claims For Lower Tax Rate

Live Law  

The Gujarat High Court has upheld the imposition of a 12 percent tax on Mango Pulp since the inception of GST. Therefore, the contention of the respondents to tax on “mango pulp” at 18% is also not tenable.” “As the petitioners were not liable to pay the GST rate at 12% and it was clarified by the GST Council that …

Broaden GST net, cut cesses to reduce tax burden
7 months, 2 weeks ago

Broaden GST net, cut cesses to reduce tax burden

New Indian Express  

Goods and services tax collection crossed the landmark of Rs 2.1 lakh crore for the first time in April. Truth be told, April has always seen higher collections, thanks in part to year-end adjustments in tax assessments. But what sets apart the latest haul is that a part of the 12.4 percent increase over last year was led by a …

Next government must urgently fix ‘unnecessarily complex’, counter-productive GST: 13th Finance Commission chair
8 months, 2 weeks ago

Next government must urgently fix ‘unnecessarily complex’, counter-productive GST: 13th Finance Commission chair

The Hindu  

A key architect of India’s tax reforms and the chairman of the Thirteenth Finance Commission Vijay Kelkar has called upon the country’s next government to undertake urgent reforms in the “unnecessarily complex” Goods and Services Tax regime, such as switching to a single tax rate of 12% and sharing revenues with local governments and municipal corporations. Stating that a single …

A reform window: On the GST trajectory
8 months, 2 weeks ago

A reform window: On the GST trajectory

The Hindu  

The financial year 2023-24 appears to have ended on a high on the revenue front. Net direct tax collections rose 19.9% by mid-March to hit 97% of revised Budget targets, while the Goods and Services Tax has yielded a robust ₹20.18 lakh crore. Gross GST revenues in March, for transactions undertaken in February, crossed ₹1.78 lakh crore, the second highest …

An idea whose time has come: Sugar taxation could spell a healthier India
1 year ago

An idea whose time has come: Sugar taxation could spell a healthier India

Live Mint  

The G20 Leader’s Declaration under India’s presidency noted that only 12% of the targets set under the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals have been met. Given the routine consumption of sugar as part of daily diets and its high content in products like sugar-sweetened beverages, many countries have designed taxes linked to sugar content. The most common food category facing …

GST regime has ‘very efficiently’ brought tax rates down: FM
1 year, 1 month ago

GST regime has ‘very efficiently’ brought tax rates down: FM

The Hindu  

Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman said on Tuesday that the Goods and Services Tax regime has “very efficiently” brought tax rates down and consumers now pay lower levies than they did in the earlier indirect tax regime. Ms. Sitharaman also urged businesses staying out of the GST system to come within its fold or risk losing prospective customers, adding that such …

GST Council Meet: Tax-levying power on ENA ceded to states; other key decisions
1 year, 2 months ago

GST Council Meet: Tax-levying power on ENA ceded to states; other key decisions

Live Mint  

The 52nd Goods and Services Tax Council meeting on Saturday, October 7, ceded the right to levy tax on extra neutral alcohol -supplied for the manufacture of alcoholic liquors - to the states. “ENA for human consumption will be exempt from GST and the same will be communicated to the Supreme Court,” Chhattisgarh Deputy Chief Minister T S Singh Deo …

GST Council Meet: Tax on millet flour preparation slashed to 5% from 28%
1 year, 2 months ago

GST Council Meet: Tax on millet flour preparation slashed to 5% from 28%

Live Mint  

The Goods and Services Tax Council on Saturday, October 7, decided to slash tax on millet flour food preparations from the current 18 per cent GST to 5 per cent, in an aim to make nutritious food items more accessible to the public. Addressing a post-meeting press conference, Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman said that the food preparation of millet flour …

GST Council to weigh tax cuts on select items
1 year, 5 months ago

GST Council to weigh tax cuts on select items

Live Mint  

The goods and services tax Council meeting next week will discuss tax relief on certain medicines, farm products, arthroplasty implants, and services such as satellite launches by private organizations, a person with direct knowledge of the matter said. A committee of officers that reviews proposals for tax rate changes, called the fitment committee, has recommended lowering the GST rates on …

GST has been a gamechanger for India’s economy
1 year, 5 months ago

GST has been a gamechanger for India’s economy

Live Mint  

Ahead of the launch of the goods and services tax on 1 July 2017, this newspaper on 6 June 2017 had published my piece titled ‘Indian GST: Unparalleled Tax Reform’ in which I had highlighted the unique features of India's GST regime such as the Dual GST structure; Integrated GST mechanism; invoice matching; single digital interface and the establishment of …

Steady GST hum
1 year, 9 months ago

Steady GST hum

Live Mint  

Goods and services tax revenue figures for February released by the government on Wednesday show that collections climbed 12% from a year earlier to almost ₹1.5 trillion. February’s collections mark 12 months in a row of GST revenue exceeding ₹1.4 trillion. As the economy’s formalization rises and government efforts to draw small businesses into the tax net bear fruit, GST …

GST Council may take call on online game tax
2 years ago

GST Council may take call on online game tax

Deccan Chronicle  

NEW DELHI: The Goods and Services Tax Council, which is scheduled to meet on December 17, is likely to discuss a host of issues that have arisen following the recommendations of the GST fitment panel. “The Council may also discuss certain tax rate changes for various sectors like textile, insurance among others, but a rate cut in the tax on …

GST levies on food items won’t burden poor, says Nirmala Sitharaman
2 years, 4 months ago

GST levies on food items won’t burden poor, says Nirmala Sitharaman

The Hindu  

Union Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman on August 1, 2022 asserted that the Goods and Services Tax levies on food items such as curd, lassi and wheat would not burden poor households, and took on States and the Opposition parties for seeking to suggest that the taxes were driven by the Narendra Modi administration when it was a decision taken by …

Pro-Poor, Pro-Middle Class GST is a Glowing Tribute to Political Conviction of PM Modi. Is Oppn Listening?
2 years, 4 months ago

Pro-Poor, Pro-Middle Class GST is a Glowing Tribute to Political Conviction of PM Modi. Is Oppn Listening?

News 18  

July 2022 marks the fifth anniversary of the Narendra Modi government’s landmark indirect tax reform, the Goods and Services Tax, which is based on the premise of “One Nation One Tax” that makes India a unified, common market. From a pre-GST tax rate largely between 28%-31% and an entertainment tax rate as high as 110%, post Modi government’s path-breaking GST, …

Explained | What is the controversy over GST levies on food?
2 years, 4 months ago

Explained | What is the controversy over GST levies on food?

The Hindu  

The story so far: From July 18, a 5% Goods and Services Tax has been levied on several food items and grains that are sold in a pre-packed, labelled form even if they are not branded. The 5% tax on unbranded packed food items was approved by the GST Council in late June and was part of a broader set …

GST on Curd, Lassi, Other Items from July 18: What Becomes Cheaper, What Becomes Dearer?
2 years, 5 months ago

GST on Curd, Lassi, Other Items from July 18: What Becomes Cheaper, What Becomes Dearer?

News 18  

Towards the end of June, the GST Council chaired its 47th meet under the leadership of finance minister Nirmala Sitharaman, where a slew of decisions were taken regarding the levy of Goods and Service Tax on various items. – The GST Council also decided to bring hotel rooms under Rs 1,000 per day under the 12 per cent GST slab, …

Highest 28% GST on luxury, sin goods to continue: Revenue Secy
2 years, 5 months ago

Highest 28% GST on luxury, sin goods to continue: Revenue Secy

Deccan Chronicle  

New Delhi: The government intends to continue with the top GST slab of 28 per cent for luxury and sin goods, but is open to discuss narrowing down the three slabs of 5, 12 and 18 per cent into two, Revenue Secretary Tarun Bajaj said on Monday. Addressing the industry leaders, Bajaj said the rate rationalisation exercise of the GST …

Highest 28% GST on luxury, sin goods to continue: Revenue Secretary Tarun Bajaj
2 years, 5 months ago

Highest 28% GST on luxury, sin goods to continue: Revenue Secretary Tarun Bajaj

India TV News  

Highlights We will have to wait for some time, Bajaj said on bringing petroleum products under GST As per an RBI study, the weighted average tax rate under the GST has come down to 11.6% At the time of its launch, it was at 14.4% The top GST slab of 28 per cent for luxury and sin goods would continue, …

Explained | What is next on the agenda for the GST regime?
2 years, 5 months ago

Explained | What is next on the agenda for the GST regime?

The Hindu  

The story so far: The Goods and Services Tax Council, chaired by Union Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman, met for the first time in 2022 for a marathon two-day meet this week, just ahead of GST’s fifth birthday on July 1. Based on recommendations made by a Group of Ministers led by Karnataka Chief Minister Basavaraj Bommai, the GST Council has …

GST@5: Know Why It Was Introduced, What Are Challenges Now
2 years, 5 months ago

GST@5: Know Why It Was Introduced, What Are Challenges Now

News 18  

After a roller-coaster ride, the current indirect tax system, goods and services tax, has completed its five years of implementation on Friday. The regime, with a driving motto of ‘One Nation, One Market, One Tax’, subsumed in itself a majority of taxes and cesses of central and states on the sale of goods and services. The GST regime was brought …

In charts, the GST’s five-year report card
2 years, 5 months ago

In charts, the GST’s five-year report card

Live Mint  

Five years ago, the goods and services tax was launched as one of India’s biggest reforms in recent years, with the purpose of making indirect taxes “good and simple". View Full Image Chart-1 The GST regime has completed five years and the guaranteed compensation for loss in revenue to states ceases to exist. View Full Image Chart-2A View Full Image …

Key Highlights Of The Recommendations Made By The GST Council In Its 47th Meeting
2 years, 5 months ago

Key Highlights Of The Recommendations Made By The GST Council In Its 47th Meeting

Live Law  

The GST Council, in its 47th Meeting held on the 28th and 29th of June, 2022, has made certain recommendations relating to changes in the GST rate. The GST Council has also recommended non-allowance of refund of accumulated Input Tax Credit on Edible Oils and Coal. The GST Council also made certain clarifications on the GST rates. Also, sale of …

GST Council bites the bullet
2 years, 5 months ago

GST Council bites the bullet

Hindustan Times  

Decisions taken in the 47th Goods and Services Tax Council meeting are on expected lines. The five-year window for guaranteed revenue compensation to states, which was a part of the original federal agreement on GST, has not been extended. While the argument might not be palatable to state governments, especially those ruled by the Opposition, phasing out the guaranteed compensation …

GST new rates: Check full list of goods, services that get costlier, cheaper
2 years, 5 months ago

GST new rates: Check full list of goods, services that get costlier, cheaper

Live Mint  

The 47th GST council meeting was held under the chairmanship of Union finance minister Nirmala Sitharaman on Wednesday, during which, approval for changes in tax rates was given for several goods and services. Check what will get costlier in the coming month: Goods/Services Older rate New rate Printing, writing or drawing ink 12% 18% Knives, pencil sharpners, blades, forks, spoons, …

Government hikes GST for household items
2 years, 5 months ago

Government hikes GST for household items

The Hindu  

From July 18, tax hikes will kick in for over two dozen goods and services, ranging from unbranded food items, curd and butter milk to low-cost hotels, cheques and maps, the Goods and Services Tax Council decided after a marathon two-day meet that concluded on Wednesday. Exemptions and concessional rates on several items shall be withdrawn, based on recommendations of …

GST new rates explained: Full list of items, services to get costlier
2 years, 5 months ago

GST new rates explained: Full list of items, services to get costlier

India Today  

A number of items are set to attract Goods and Service Tax after the GST Council approved changes in the tax rates on some goods and services with a view to rationalising the levy. The decision was taken by the GST Council - the highest decision-making body on the levy of goods and services tax, headed by Union Finance Minister …

Strengthening the GST regime
2 years, 5 months ago

Strengthening the GST regime

Hindustan Times  

The two-day meeting of the Goods and Services Tax Council that starts on Tuesday is the 47th of the body – but it is likely the most important to date. When the GST law was passed in 2017, states were assured they would be compensated for the potential loss of revenue on account of moving to the GST regime. The …

Discover Related