Drought, fires, deforestation battered Amazon rainforest in 2024
1 week, 2 days ago

Drought, fires, deforestation battered Amazon rainforest in 2024

The Hindu  

2024 was a brutal year for the Amazon rainforest, with rampant wildfires and extreme drought ravaging large parts of a biome that's a critical counterweight to climate change. “The fires and drought experienced in 2024 across the Amazon rainforest could be ominous indicators that we are reaching the long-feared ecological tipping point,” said Andrew Miller, advocacy director at Amazon Watch, an organisation that works to protect the rainforest. “Illegal gold mining is expanding rapidly, driven by soaring global prices, and the revenues of illicit economies often surpass state budgets allocated to combat them.” In Brazil, large swaths of the rainforest were draped in smoke in August from fires raging across the Amazon, Cerrado savannah, Pantanal wetland and the state of Sao Paulo. Ebus said Amazon countries need to cooperate more, whether in law enforcement, deploying joint emergency teams to combat forest fires, or providing health care in remote Amazon borderlands.

United Nations Amazon Indigenous Colombia Deforestation Brazil Miller Fires Rainforest Ebus  drought  battered  nations  fires  amazon  state  ebus  indigenous  miller  deforestation  environmental  2024  rainforest

History of this topic

2025 will be critical for the Amazon rainforest after a brutal 2024
1 week ago

2025 will be critical for the Amazon rainforest after a brutal 2024

India Today  

2025 marks a pivotal moment for the Amazon rainforest as Belém do Pará in northern Brazil prepares to host the first United Nations Conference of the Parties focused specifically on climate issues affecting the region. This event is expected to bring together leaders from Amazonian countries to showcase their strategies and seek tangible support for combating climate change and protecting …

Drought, fires and deforestation battered Amazon rainforest in 2024
1 week, 5 days ago

Drought, fires and deforestation battered Amazon rainforest in 2024

The Independent  

For free real time breaking news alerts sent straight to your inbox sign up to our breaking news emails Sign up to our free breaking news emails Sign up to our free breaking news emails SIGN UP I would like to be emailed about offers, events and updates from The Independent. Read our privacy policy 2024 was a brutal year …

Drought, fires and deforestation battered Amazon rainforest in 2024
1 week, 5 days ago

Drought, fires and deforestation battered Amazon rainforest in 2024

Associated Press  

BOGOTA, Colombia — 2024 was a brutal year for the Amazon rainforest, with rampant wildfires and extreme drought ravaging large parts of a biome that’s a critical counterweight to climate change. Share Share Copy Link copied Email Facebook X Reddit LinkedIn Pinterest Flipboard Print “The fires and drought experienced in 2024 across the Amazon rainforest could be ominous indicators that …

As COP 29 begins, take a climate change reality check: Supercharged hurricanes, volcanic surge, oceanic slowdown, more
1 month, 4 weeks ago

As COP 29 begins, take a climate change reality check: Supercharged hurricanes, volcanic surge, oceanic slowdown, more

Live Mint  

This year's U.N. climate summit - COP29 - is being held during yet another record-breaking year of higher global temperatures, adding pressure to negotiations aimed at curbing climate change. The last global scientific consensus on climate change was released in 2021 through the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, however scientists say that evidence shows global warming and its impacts are …

Brazil's Amazon posts lowest deforestation in nine years: govt
2 months ago

Brazil's Amazon posts lowest deforestation in nine years: govt

Raw Story  

The Brazilian Amazon experienced its smallest amount of yearly deforestation in nearly a decade, President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva's government reported Wednesday, in line with its promise to combat forest loss. During that time, 6,288 square kilometers of forest were destroyed, which INPE Director Gilvan Oliveira said was "the lowest result in the last nine years." Environment Minister Marina …

Amazon rainforest nearing irreversible tipping point partly driven by UK – WWF
2 months, 4 weeks ago

Amazon rainforest nearing irreversible tipping point partly driven by UK – WWF

The Independent  

Sign up to the Independent Climate email for the latest advice on saving the planet Get our free Climate email Get our free Climate email SIGN UP I would like to be emailed about offers, events and updates from The Independent. Read our privacy policy The Amazon rainforest could be reaching an irreversible tipping point beyond which it will decline …

Worst drought on record is drying up Amazon rivers as wildfires rage on
3 months, 3 weeks ago

Worst drought on record is drying up Amazon rivers as wildfires rage on

The Independent  

Sign up to the Independent Climate email for the latest advice on saving the planet Get our free Climate email Get our free Climate email SIGN UP I would like to be emailed about offers, events and updates from The Independent. “So, it’s just going to get worse before it gets any better.” open image in gallery A hopper barge …

Amid the worst drought in Brazil history, wildfires rage and the Amazon falls to a record low level
3 months, 4 weeks ago

Amid the worst drought in Brazil history, wildfires rage and the Amazon falls to a record low level

The Independent  

For free real time breaking news alerts sent straight to your inbox sign up to our breaking news emails Sign up to our free breaking news emails Sign up to our free breaking news emails SIGN UP I would like to be emailed about offers, events and updates from The Independent. Read our privacy policy Brazil is enduring its worst …

Brazil's Amazon fires off to record 2024 start as green union blames firefighting budget cut
7 months, 2 weeks ago

Brazil's Amazon fires off to record 2024 start as green union blames firefighting budget cut

The Hindu  

Brazil's Amazon rainforest has experienced its largest blazes on record in the first four months of the year, with the environmental workers union on Monday placing partial blame on lower government spending on firefighting. A record drought in the Amazon rainforest region, driven by the El Nino climate phenomenon and global warming, has helped contribute to dry conditions fueling fires …

Deforestation in Brazil's Amazon down 30% in February
9 months, 4 weeks ago

Deforestation in Brazil's Amazon down 30% in February

The Hindu  

Deforestation in Brazil's Amazon rainforest fell 30% in February from a year earlier, government data showed on Friday, as President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva's government worked toward a pledge to end illegal deforestation by 2030. According to preliminary satellite data from space research agency INPE, 226 square km of the world's largest rainforest were cleared last month. That represented …

A Brazilian state in the Amazon has been hit with more than 2,000 fires in February
10 months, 1 week ago

A Brazilian state in the Amazon has been hit with more than 2,000 fires in February

Associated Press  

RIO DE JANEIRO — The Brazilian state of Roraima in the Amazon rainforest has been hit with more than 2,000 fires in February, according to data released Thursday by the state space agency. Fires are also burning down forest inside the Yanomami Indigenous Territory, Júnior Hekurari, president of the Yanomami local health council, told The Associated Press. Earlier this month, …

Climate change drives Amazon rainforest's record drought, study finds
11 months, 2 weeks ago

Climate change drives Amazon rainforest's record drought, study finds

The Hindu  

Climate change is the main culprit for a record drought in the Amazon rainforest that has drained rivers, killed endangered dolphins and upended life for millions of people in the region, according to a study released on Wednesday. The drought that hit all nine Amazon rainforest countries - including Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela and Peru - is expected to worsen in …

Global warming drove record Amazon rainforest drought, study finds
11 months, 2 weeks ago

Global warming drove record Amazon rainforest drought, study finds

Al Jazeera  

New report says climate change responsible for draining rivers, wreaking havoc on biodiversity and communities. Climate change, and not El Nino, was the primary driver of the unprecedented drought last year in the Amazon rainforest that caused rivers to dry up, required deliveries of essential supplies to river communities and resulted in the deaths of endangered dolphins, scientists have said. …

Record-breaking wildfires blanket Brazil with smoke
1 year, 2 months ago

Record-breaking wildfires blanket Brazil with smoke

Salon  

A record-breaking number of wildfires are blanketing the Amazon with smoke, choking some Brazilian cities and further isolating many Indigenous villages. Water levels in the region’s major rivers have become so low as to be unnavigable, leaving many Indigenous river communities without any way to obtain certain foods, drinking water, or medicine, according to Reuters. “We’ve seen large fish kills, …

In the Amazon, millions breathe hazardous air as drought and wildfires spread through the rainforest
1 year, 2 months ago

In the Amazon, millions breathe hazardous air as drought and wildfires spread through the rainforest

Associated Press  

BRASILIA, Brazil — Thick smoke has enveloped extensive areas of the Brazilian Amazon on Thursday as the region grapples with a surge in wildfires and a historic drought. The city’s air quality index fluctuated between unhealthy and hazardous levels during the last two days, resembling the conditions in some major Asian metropolitan areas. Luiz Diego Pinheiro Ferreira, 30, walks near …

Amazon rainforest | The scramble to save the planet’s lungs
1 year, 4 months ago

Amazon rainforest | The scramble to save the planet’s lungs

The Hindu  

On August 9, executive leaders and Ministers from Bolivia, Colombia, Peru, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname and the French Guiana met with a Brazilian delegation — all of whom are part of the Amazon Cooperation Treaty Organization — in Belem do Para, Brazil. Yearly deforestation According to Brazil’s National Institute for Space Research, the total deforestation of the Amazon rainforest from August …

Amazon nations fail to agree on a common goal to end deforestation
1 year, 5 months ago

Amazon nations fail to agree on a common goal to end deforestation

CNN  

CNN — Eight South American countries failed to agree on a common goal to save the critically vulnerable Amazon from deforestation following a landmark summit in Brazil Tuesday, a concerning outcome as the world’s largest rainforest acts as a key buffer against the climate crisis. Deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon increased rapidly under Lula da Silva’s predecessor, Jair Bolsonaro, and …

Lula to host South American summit on saving the Amazon
1 year, 5 months ago

Lula to host South American summit on saving the Amazon

The Hindu  

Brazilian President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva will host a regional summit next week with planetary stakes, as leaders of the countries that share the Amazon seek a roadmap to save the world’s biggest rainforest. It is the 28-year-old organization’s first summit since 2009, as Lula seeks to deliver on his pledge that “Brazil is back” in the fight against …

Deforestation in Brazil’s Amazon falls 66 percent in July
1 year, 5 months ago

Deforestation in Brazil’s Amazon falls 66 percent in July

Al Jazeera  

Figures come as Brazil prepares to host summit with leaders of Amazonian countries to discuss ways to protect the rainforest. Deforestation in Brazil’s Amazon fell in July to its lowest level for the month since 2017, according to preliminary government figures. Satellite data from Brazil’s National Institute for Space Research on Thursday indicated that 500 square kilometres of rainforest were …

Brazil’s Amazon deforestation drops sharply in first half of 2023
1 year, 6 months ago

Brazil’s Amazon deforestation drops sharply in first half of 2023

Al Jazeera  

Brazil’s President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva has promised to end destruction of the Amazon rainforest by 2030. Deforestation in Brazil’s Amazon rainforest fell 34 percent in the first half of 2023, preliminary government data shows, hitting its lowest level in four years as President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva institutes tougher environmental policies. In June alone, satellite data from …

Brazil under Bolsonaro led deforestation in Amazon rainforest in 2022: study
1 year, 6 months ago

Brazil under Bolsonaro led deforestation in Amazon rainforest in 2022: study

The Hindu  

Published : Jul 01, 2023 16:02 IST - 5 MINS READ In former Brazil President Jair Bolsonaro’s four years in power, vast tracts of the Amazon fell to make way for mining, cattle ranches, and soybean farming. During his tenure from 2019 to 2022, Bolsonaro’s administration weakened regulation and enforcement around deforestation, shrinking the budgets of agencies monitoring environmental crimes …

Brazil’s Amazon deforestation again hits record high for February
1 year, 9 months ago

Brazil’s Amazon deforestation again hits record high for February

Al Jazeera  

Deforestation in Brazil’s portion of the Amazon rainforest hit a new record high in February, new data has shown, as President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva’s administration works to end years of widespread devastation. In November, Lula made a high-profile appearance at the United Nations COP27 climate summit in Egypt, pledging to reassert Brazil’s place as an environmental protector and …

Brazil: Amazon deforestation reaches new high before gov’t change
2 years, 1 month ago

Brazil: Amazon deforestation reaches new high before gov’t change

Al Jazeera  

Deforestation in Brazil’s Amazon has hit a new, alarming milestone, government data showed, as environmentalists warned a “frantic race towards devastation” is under way before a government transition that is set to usher in more protection for the rainforest. For his part, Lula, in a victory speech after narrowly defeating Bolsonaro in an October 30 run-off, said Brazil was “ready …

Zero deforestation in the Amazon is now possible
2 years, 2 months ago

Zero deforestation in the Amazon is now possible

The Hindu  

Jair Bolsonaro has been defeated in the Brazilian election against Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva to the rejoicing of scientists, environmentalists, and human rights activists in Brazil and beyond. Lula promised in his acceptance speech to work toward zero deforestation in the Amazon and to protect indigenous areas from the encroachment of mining companies and other interests. Yet it did …

Under Bolsonaro, Amazon deforestation hits new September record
2 years, 3 months ago

Under Bolsonaro, Amazon deforestation hits new September record

Al Jazeera  

So far in 2022, farmers and ranchers clear area 11 times the size of New York City in Brazilian Amazon for agribusiness, with little regulation. Deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon has broken a record for the month of September, continuing a trend that has accelerated during the tenure of the country’s far-right President Jair Bolsonaro. The news of accelerating deforestation …

Worst Brazil forest fires in a decade, yet election silence
2 years, 3 months ago

Worst Brazil forest fires in a decade, yet election silence

Associated Press  

RIO DE JANEIRO — September has come and gone, marking another painful milestone for the world’s largest rainforest. Far-right President Jair Bolsonaro is seeking a second four-year term against leftist Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, who ruled Brazil between 2003 and 2010 and leads in the polls. “On the other hand, there are growing economic opportunities related to conservation.” Fire …

Worst Brazil forest fires in a decade, yet election silence
2 years, 3 months ago

Worst Brazil forest fires in a decade, yet election silence

LA Times  

September has come and gone, marking another painful milestone for the world’s largest rainforest. Far-right President Jair Bolsonaro is seeking a second four-year term against leftist former President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, known as Lula, who ruled between 2003 and 2010 and leads in the polls. “On the other hand, there are growing economic opportunities related to conservation.” Fire …

How has the Amazon rainforest changed under Jair Bolsonaro?
2 years, 3 months ago

How has the Amazon rainforest changed under Jair Bolsonaro?

The Hindu  

Published : Sep 26, 2022 16:06 IST The Amazon rainforest is regarded as one of the so-called tipping elements capable of destabilising the global climate. After several years in which deforestation rates dropped significantly, they rose again sharply after the right-wing populist Jair Bolsonaro took office as president of Brazil on January 1, 2019. Deforestation up during Bolsonaro’s presidency Rainforest …

‘Tragedy foretold’: Brazil sees surge in Amazon fires
2 years, 3 months ago

‘Tragedy foretold’: Brazil sees surge in Amazon fires

Al Jazeera  

More forest fires have been recorded in the Brazilian Amazon so far this year than in all of 2021, data from INPE space agency shows. Brazil’s sprawling Amazon region has seen more forest fires so far this year than in all of 2021, official figures show, as environmental and Indigenous rights groups continue to plead for more protection of the …

Number of Brazil Amazon fires hits five-year high in August
2 years, 4 months ago

Number of Brazil Amazon fires hits five-year high in August

Associated Press  

MANAUS, Brazil — More fires burned in the Brazilian Amazon rainforest this August than in any month in nearly five years, thanks to a surge in illegal deforestation. After a calm period with unusually high rainfall in early August, blazes began spreading rapidly, said Ane Alencar, coordinator of the Mapbiomas Fire project, run by a network of nonprofits, universities and …

Brazilian Amazon's worst-in-a-decade August wildfires captured in pictures
2 years, 4 months ago

Brazilian Amazon's worst-in-a-decade August wildfires captured in pictures

Hindustan Times  

Brazilian Amazon's worst-in-a-decade August wildfires captured in pictures Surpassing the 2019 Amazon August wildfires that shocked the world, this year's wildfires in Brazilian rainforest have hit a record, becoming the highest for the month since 2010. Experts have blamed President Bolsonaro for poor regulation of environmental laws which has paved way for large scale deforestation resulting into wildfires at an …

Deforestation spurs wave of fires in Brazilian Amazon
2 years, 4 months ago

Deforestation spurs wave of fires in Brazilian Amazon

Al Jazeera  

Agribusiness interests push record deforestation, contributing to fire activity that has not been seen in years. The Brazilian Amazon rainforest is suffering from more fires than at any point in nearly five years, spurred on by a surge in illegal deforestation. According to Brazil’s national space institute, satellites have detected more than 33,000 fires as the rainforest enters the peak …

Deforestation in Brazilian Amazon hits tragic record in 2022
2 years, 5 months ago

Deforestation in Brazilian Amazon hits tragic record in 2022

Associated Press  

RIO DE JANEIRO — Deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon during the first half of 2022 broke all records, a measure of the increasing destruction taking place under the presidency of Jair Bolsonaro. The area destroyed in the first half of 2022 is 80% larger than the same period in 2018, the year before Bolsonaro took office, according to an analysis …

Brazil’s Amazon deforestation hits record for month of April
2 years, 8 months ago

Brazil’s Amazon deforestation hits record for month of April

Associated Press  

RIO DE JANEIRO — Deforestation detected in the Brazilian Amazon broke all records for the month of April, and that followed similar new records set in January and February, reflecting a worrisome uptick in destruction in a state deep within the rainforest. It marked the first time that deforestation alerts have surpassed 1,000 square kilometers during a month in the …

Brazil sets ‘worrying’ new Amazon deforestation record
2 years, 9 months ago

Brazil sets ‘worrying’ new Amazon deforestation record

Al Jazeera  

Brazilian Amazon sees 64 percent jump in deforestation in first three months of 2022 compared with a year earlier. Brazil has set a new grim record for Amazon deforestation during the first three months of 2022 compared with a year earlier, government data shows, spurring concern and warnings from environmentalists. Destruction of the world’s largest rainforest has surged since President …

Brazil’s Amazon rainforest has already reached a new deforestation record this year
2 years, 9 months ago

Brazil’s Amazon rainforest has already reached a new deforestation record this year

CNN  

CNN — The portion of Amazon rainforest impacted by deforestation in the first three months of 2022 was the highest ever recorded, according to a new report by Brazil’s National Institute for Space Research. Destruction of the world’s largest rainforest has surged since President Jair Bolsonaro took office in 2019 and weakened environmental protections, arguing that they hinder economic development …

Amazon rainforest losing its ability to bounce back, scientists warn
2 years, 10 months ago

Amazon rainforest losing its ability to bounce back, scientists warn

The Independent  

Sign up to the Independent Climate email for the latest advice on saving the planet Get our free Climate email Get our free Climate email SIGN UP I would like to be emailed about offers, events and updates from The Independent. Read our privacy policy The Amazon rainforest is losing its ability to bounce back from extreme events, raising the …

Wildfires to increase up to 30 per cent by 2050: experts
2 years, 10 months ago

Wildfires to increase up to 30 per cent by 2050: experts

The Hindu  

Exhausted firefighters have been battling blazes in northern Argentina for weeks. "At the same time, climate change is made worse by wildfires, mostly by ravaging sensitive and carbon-rich ecosystems like peatlands and rainforests," said the authors of the report. That destruction — to crops and homes, human health and the natural environment — means wildfires "disproportionately affect the world's poorest …

Wildfires getting worse globally, and governments are unprepared, U.N. report says
2 years, 10 months ago

Wildfires getting worse globally, and governments are unprepared, U.N. report says

LA Times  

Firefighters battle a blaze in a forest near the village of Kyuyorelyakh in Russia on Aug. 5, 2021. A warming planet and changes to land use patterns mean more wildfires will scorch large parts of the globe in coming decades, causing spikes in unhealthy smoke pollution and other problems that governments are ill prepared to confront, according to a U.N. …

Vast tracts of Amazon rainforest vanished in January
2 years, 10 months ago

Vast tracts of Amazon rainforest vanished in January

The Independent  

Sign up to the Independent Climate email for the latest advice on saving the planet Get our free Climate email Get our free Climate email SIGN UP I would like to be emailed about offers, events and updates from The Independent. Read our privacy policy Vast tracts of Brazil’s Amazon rainforest vanished in January, according to country officials, with more …

Deforestation in Brazil’s Amazon hits new record in January
2 years, 10 months ago

Deforestation in Brazil’s Amazon hits new record in January

Al Jazeera  

Researches say forest destruction in Brazil has been accelerating since 2019, when President Jair Bolsonaro took office. Brazil recorded the most deforestation ever in the Amazon rainforest for the month of January, according to new government data, as the destruction continues to worsen despite the government’s recent pledges to bring it under control. Deforestation in Brazil’s Amazon totalled 430sq kilometres …

Are we running out of time to save the Amazon rainforest?
3 years ago

Are we running out of time to save the Amazon rainforest?

Al Jazeera  

With deforestation on the rise, scientists are raising the alarm about a looming ecological catastrophe. Deforestation has picked up pace in recent years, and at one point the Amazon was losing the equivalent of three football fields every minute, according to a report based on satellite imagery. Critics have blamed Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro’s policies for the increased threat to …

Amazon deforestation in Brazil rises by 22% in a year; a look at what caused deterioration in 15 years
3 years, 1 month ago

Amazon deforestation in Brazil rises by 22% in a year; a look at what caused deterioration in 15 years

Firstpost  

The National Institute for Space Research’s Prodes monitoring system showed the Brazilian Amazon lost 13,235 square kilometers of rainforest in the 12-month reference period from 2020 August to July 2021 Deforestation in Brazil’s Amazon rainforest has increased by 22 percent in a year, the highest level since 2006, according to the government’s annual report. The National Institute for Space Research’s …

Brazil's Amazon deforestation surges to worst in 15 years
3 years, 1 month ago

Brazil's Amazon deforestation surges to worst in 15 years

The Hindu  

The area deforested in Brazil's Amazon reached a 15-year high after a 22% jump from the prior year, according to official data published on November 18. The National Institute for Space Research’s Prodes monitoring system showed the Brazilian Amazon lost 13,235 square kilometers of rainforest in the 12-month reference period from August 2020 to July 2021. The 15-year high flies …

Amazon deforestation in Brazil hits its worst level in 15 years
3 years, 1 month ago

Amazon deforestation in Brazil hits its worst level in 15 years

NPR  

Amazon deforestation in Brazil hits its worst level in 15 years Enlarge this image toggle caption Mauro Pimentel/AFP via Getty Images Mauro Pimentel/AFP via Getty Images Brazil's Amazon rainforest saw its highest annual rate of deforestation in over 15 years, the latest data shows, after a 22% climb from the previous year. The country's space research agency monitoring system showed …

Amazon deforestation is stopping forest from recycling rainwater, which affects temperatures
3 years, 1 month ago

Amazon deforestation is stopping forest from recycling rainwater, which affects temperatures

ABC  

For 55 million years, heavy rain has brought life and splendour to the Amazon rainforest. Key points: Experts have stressed the impact the Amazon has on global temperatures Clear-cutting of the rainforest continued to rise last year, with over 11,000 square km of rainforest lost Brazil has joined an international pledge to halt and reverse deforestation by 2030, surprising many …

Has Brazil’s Amazon reached a point of no return?
3 years, 3 months ago

Has Brazil’s Amazon reached a point of no return?

Al Jazeera  

On Monday, September 13 at 19:30 GMT: With the continued deforestation of the Brazilian Amazon, conservation advocates say the world’s largest tropical forest is in the midst of a tipping point that could become catastrophic for the planet’s health and the country’s Indigenous groups. Despite a ban on unauthorised fires and yet another military deployment intended to protect the forests, …

Deforestation in Brazil’s Amazon drops for the 2nd month
3 years, 3 months ago

Deforestation in Brazil’s Amazon drops for the 2nd month

Associated Press  

RIO DE JANEIRO — Deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon dropped for the second consecutive month in August compared to the same period in 2020, according to preliminary data released Friday by the Brazilian National Institute for Space Research. Forest destruction in August reached 918 square kilometers, the lowest indicator for the month since 2018 and 32% less than in 2020, …

Brazil’s Amazon deforestation remains high despite slight fall
3 years, 3 months ago

Brazil’s Amazon deforestation remains high despite slight fall

Al Jazeera  

August deforestation was lower than last year, but rates remain much higher than before Bolsonaro took office. Deforestation in Brazil’s Amazon rainforest fell in August compared with the same period a year earlier, continuing a downward trend while remaining higher than before right-wing President Jair Bolsonaro took office. Year-to-date deforestation in Brazil remains nearly double what it was during January …

Discover Related