Who is Bashar al-Assad, the Syrian leader whose family ruled with an iron fist for more than 50 years?
CNNCNN — Syria’s iron-fisted leader Bashar al-Assad is the second generation of an autocratic family dynasty that held power for more than five decades and his disappearance amid a lightning rebel advance signals an astonishing reordering of power in a strategically vital Middle Eastern nation. SANA/AP/File Assad comes to power Assad took power in an unopposed election in 2000 following the death of his father Hafez al-Assad, who rose from poverty to lead the Baath Party and seized power in 1970, becoming the country’s president the following year. In May 2011, then US President Barack Obama said Assad’s regime had “chosen the path of murder and the mass arrests of its citizens” and called on him to lead a democratic transition “or get out of the way.” Assad has been re-elected by sweeping majorities every seven years, most recently in 2021 in what the US, UK, France, Germany and Italy deemed a “fraudulent election.” An opposition fighter steps on a torn-up portrait of Syria's President Bashar al-Assad in Hama, a day after rebels captured the city on December 6, 2024. Mohammed al-Rifai/AFP/Getty Images Civil war Assad’s forces were known for brutal tactics during the civil war that ensued after the crackdown on 2011 pro-democracy protests, when an armed opposition made up of small organic militias and some defectors from the Syrian military formed. The attack and others galvanized world powers to work to dismantle the regime’s chemical arsenal and pushed the US in 2013 to up its support for Syrian opposition forces, following what Washington said was the crossing of a “red line.” Assad warned Western nations against supporting rebel groups battling his armed forces, predicting the militants would one day strike against the US and others.