Why RBI is finding it tough to tame inflation
Live MintEven as inflation has crept downwards, the battle against it continues. Inflation remains elevated and persistent across countries as they grapple with food and energy price shocks and shortages…The correction in industrial input prices and supply chain pressures, if sustained, could help ease pressures on output prices; but the pending pass-through of input costs could keep core inflation firm.” Blunt Instrument The problem for central banks, when intervening on the demand side in the current environment, is that global demand is already weak. Similarly, in the case of the US, Stiglitz and Regmi point out that, “that real personal consumption has largely been below trend, particularly in the periods when inflation heated up, and total real aggregate demand has been consistently below trend, which reinforces the conclusion that the ‘problem’ arises from the supply side…with three fiscal quarters of anaemic growth, from the fourth quarter of 2021 to the second quarter of 2022, it is hard to see how excess demand by itself could be at the root of the problem.” The authors go on to argue that monetary policy is “too blunt an instrument” because it will reduce inflation “only at the cost of unnecessarily high unemployment, with severe adverse distributive consequences. Chart Managing Expectations Another reason for monetary policy to act to suppress demand, in the face of a supply-induced inflation, is to ‘manage expectations’. Given that central banks across the world are struggling to tame the highest global inflation levels in decades, governments may step in with a much wider range of measures to keep prices steady.