Land Used For Cardamom Plantation Can't Be Changed Without Collector's Permission, NOC Mandatory For Any Construction: Kerala High Court

4 days, 19 hours ago

Kerala High Court Declares Recent Delimitation Exercise Invalid For Eight Municipalities, One Panchayat

Live Law

The Kerala High Court on Wednesday declared the delimitation exercise carried out in 2024 in Padne Grama Panchayat, Panoor Municipality, Mukkom Municipality, Koduvally Municipality, Payyoli Municipality, Sreekandapuram Municipality, Feroke Municipality, Pattambi Municipality and Mattannur Municipality as invalid. The Kerala Government by virtue of Kerala Municipality Act, 2024 and Kerala Panchayat Raj Act, 2024 increased the ratio of number of counsellors/ …

Exercise Court Local Seats Number Delimitation Municipalities

1 week, 6 days ago

Rent Control Act | Pleadings Regarding Denial Of Title Or Claim For Permanent Tenancy Must Be Clear & Specific: Kerala High Court

Live Law

The Kerala High Court has observed that for the Rent Control Court to assess the genuineness of the claim of permanent tenancy or denial of title, the pleading must be clear, specific, unequivocal and explicit. “The Pleading regarding the denial of title or the claim for permanent tenancy must be clear, specific, and unequivocal, without which the Rent Control Court …

Court Tenancy Tenant Control Claim Rent Petitioner

2 weeks ago

Kerala's Opposition UDF divided as ally IUML insists Munambam land is Waqf

India Today

The Munambam land dispute in Kerala has triggered a difference of opinion within the Opposition, Congress-led United Democratic Front over the ownership of the land. The Indian Union Muslim League, a key ally of the Congress, has maintained that the land is Waqf property while emphasising that the residents, who have been living there for decades, should not face eviction. …

Kerala Congress Opposition Land Iuml Udf Waqf

2 weeks, 4 days ago

Kerala: Traders on MM Ali Road in Kozhikode get inquiry notices from Waqf Board

New Indian Express

KOZHIKODE: Traders on MM Ali Road here, who received inquiry notices from the Kerala Waqf Board, are planning to stage an agitation against the move, which they believe is to evict them from the building. Notices were sent to the traders asking them to submit their version of land ownership in writing with supporting documents and send them to the …

Building Notice Waqf Board Traders Waqf Kabeer Board Kozhikode

3 weeks ago

Kerala High Court Asks State To Transfer ₹1510 Crore Paddy Land Conversion Fee To Agricultural Promotion Fund In Next 12 Months

Live Law

The Kerala High Court has ordered the State to remit the entire amount it collected as application fee for conversion of paddy land since the enactment of Kerala Conservation of Paddy Land and Wetland Act, 2008 to the Agricultural Promotion Funds in the next 12 months. The State Level Officer responsible for managing the Agriculture Promotion Fund informed the Court …

Court Land Paddy State Fund Act Collected

3 weeks, 3 days ago

Lagcharla pharma village proposal withdrawn

Deccan Chronicle

Hyderabad: The state government on Friday retracted its land acquisition notification for 1,358 acres in Lagcharla, Polepally, and Hakeempet of Dudyal mandal, Vikarabad district, following protests by locals over the establishment of polluting pharmaceutical industries. The withdrawal of the land acquisition notification for the pharma villages marked a significant step in addressing local concerns. On June 7 this year, the …

Land Acquisition Industrial Pharma Village Notification Tgiic

1 month ago

Marumakkathayam Law | Property Obtained By Hindu Woman Post-Partition Without Legal Heir Would Be Her Separate Property & Not Joint Property : Supreme Court

Live Law

The Supreme Court, in an appeal concerning property devolution under Kerala's traditional Marumakkathayam law, ruled that property acquired by a woman and her children post-partition does not become their separate property but remains part of the tharwad. The bench comprising Justice CT Ravikumar and Justice Sanjay Karol held so while deciding a question of “whether the property obtained by a …

Kerala Supreme Court Property Court Partition Separate Joint

1 month, 1 week ago

Person Residing Or Having Business In Kerala Can Get His Motor Vehicle Registered At Any RTO Within State: High Court

Live Law

The Kerala High Court has held that a person residing in a state can register his vehicle by any registering authority within the state, irrespective of his place of residence or business within the state, as per Section 40 of the Motor Vehicles Act of 2019. The Counsel for Petitioner submitted as per Section 40 of the Motor Vehicles Act …

Business Court State Vehicle Registered Rto Motor

1 month, 1 week ago

Kerala High Court Lifts Stay On Lakshadweep Tourism Dept's 'Tent City' But Constructions Subject To Verdict In Property Dispute

Live Law

The Kerala High Court has removed stay on further construction in connection with the development of Tent City in Thinnakkara and Bangaram islands of Lakshadweep. After hearing preliminary arguments with reference to the provisions in Laacadive, Minicoy and Aminidivi Islands Land Revenue and Tenancy Regulations and the law laid down in Kasimkoya Biyyammabiyoda v Union of India, the Single Bench …

Tourism Kerala Court Land Kerala High Court Bench Lakshadweep

1 month, 1 week ago

Munambam protest: What is villagers' complaint against Waqf in Kerala?

India Today

Protesters from Munambam, Ernakulam, met Kerala Chief Minister Pinarayi Vijayan on Monday demanding revenue rights over their land, claimed by the Waqf board. The Syro-Malabar Church and the Kerala Catholic Bishop Council, after the Waqf Amendment Bill 2024 was introduced in Lok Sabha in August, had written to the Joint Parliamentary Committee in September, highlighting that the Waqf Board had …

Kerala Board Land Families College Protest Bjp

1 month, 2 weeks ago

Munambam land dispute in Kerala: 'Waqf property' claims threaten livelihoods and ownership rights of 600 Hindu and Christian families

Op India

The Munambam waqf land dispute has led to protests and political debates in Kerala. Around 600 Christian and Hindu families are opposing the Kerala State Waqf Board’s claim over 404 acres of land in the Munambam suburb of the Ernakulam district in Kerala. Dispute origins and historical background The Munambam waqf land dispute revolves around 404 acres of land in …

India Kerala Board Dispute Property Land College

2 months, 3 weeks ago

Protest erupts in Kochi over Munambam land dispute as 600 families face uncertainty

New Indian Express

KOCHI: The High Court Junction on Friday saw the convergence of the residents of the Munambam - Kadapuram area in Pallipuram panchayat of Vypeen to protest against the serious violation of human rights. Speaking at the meeting that was organised by the state committee of the Kerala Latin Catholic Association under the aegis of Kerala Region Latin Catholic Council in …

Land Dispute Munambam

4 months, 3 weeks ago

‘We have lost 90% of villagers’: Grief takes over remote Kerala town

Hindustan Times

On Wednesday afternoon, PK Ravindran surveyed the sight before him, a mixture of grief and disbelief. On Wednesday, even as the incessant rain continued, earthmovers were at work around the houses that remained, trying to dig up bodies of those that may be buried within. Bijeesh MP, a civil defence volunteer, said, “The possibility of finding people alive now is …

Kerala Wayanad Houses River Chooralmala

5 months, 2 weeks ago

Govt set to ‘double’ agri land acquisition limit in GB Nagar

Hindustan Times

Gautam Buddh Nagar is all set to get new agricultural land acquisition norms distinct from those in other districts of Uttar Pradesh, people aware of the development said. {{^userSubscribed}} {{/userSubscribed}} {{^userSubscribed}} {{/userSubscribed}} The Yogi Adityanath government, according to them, is considering increasing the current maximum limit on acquiring agricultural land for industrialisation in the district. {{^userSubscribed}} {{/userSubscribed}} {{^userSubscribed}} {{/userSubscribed}} “The …

Development Land District Agricultural Limit Jewar Gb Nagar

6 months, 3 weeks ago

Frame Rules To Levy Charges On Those Encroaching On Public Land: Delhi High Court To DDA, MCD

Live Law

The Delhi High Court has directed the Delhi Development Authority and Municipal Corporation of Delhi to devise a mechanism or frame rules to levy charges on those encroaching upon public land.Justice Rajnish Bhatnagar said that there should be a clear perception through careful quantification of the charges to be recovered from the encroacher that shall be for the benefit of …

Delhi Court Land Delhi High Court Sho Public Area

6 months, 3 weeks ago

Kerala High Court says no illegal religious structures should be allowed on government land

New Indian Express

KOCHI: The Kerala High Court on Thursday held that no illegal religious places should be allowed on government land, whether it is that of Hindu, Christian, Muslim or any other religion. The court made it clear that if there are any illegal religious structures or buildings on any government land, the government should take necessary steps to remove the same …

Religious Constitution Court Land Illegal Government Land Structures

6 months, 3 weeks ago

Agriculture department submits special action plan for drought-hit cardamom plantations in Idukki

The Hindu

The Idukki Agriculture department has submitted a special action plan to the State government regarding the district’s drought-affected cardamom farming sector. The recommendations also include carrying out integrated nutrient management and integrated pest management, implementing modern irrigation system, and ensuring mulching in the cardamom plantations to avoid drought situations. According to sources, the district agriculture office has estimated that a …

Agriculture Farmers Plan Cardamom Plantations Idukki Special Action

7 months, 2 weeks ago

Farmers in Idukki lose the spice of livelihood

The Hindu

Reji Thottuvashathu, 56, a resident of Kannikkallu a village in Kumily town, the gateway to Kerala’s Thekkady in Idukki district, has been farming cardamom on four acres for the past 20 years. “The plantation era started in the 1780s with large-scale planting of cardamom in Idukki high ranges and it flourished over time,” says botanist Jomy Augustine. Destruction of more …

Weather Kerala Agriculture Board Farmers Plants Farming

7 months, 3 weeks ago

Kerala High Court Stays For 2 Months Cheruvally Estate Acquisition For Sabarimala Greenfield Airport

Live Law

The Kerala High Court has ordered status quo for two months on acquisition of the Cheruvally Estate in Kottayam for construction and development of the Sabarimala Greenfield Airport. Justice Viju Abraham passed the interim order in a petition filed by the estate's owner Ayana Charitable Trust and its managing trustee, opposing the government notification under Section 11 of the Right …

Court Land Acquisition Land Acquisition Act Section 15 Cheruvally Estate

9 months ago

Encroached land to planters: Forums slam Karnataka govt’s decision

New Indian Express

CHIKKAMAGALURU: Members of various forums like Dalit Sangarsh Samiti, Ambedkar Vaicharika Vedike, Mudigere Bhoo Sangharsha Samiti, Bhim Army, Samvidhana Samrakshna Samiti came down heavily on the state government for deciding to lease out the encroached land to planters. They have applied for land using form numbers 50, 53 and 57 for sanction of lands and are eagerly looking forward for …

Land Encroached Land

9 months, 1 week ago

Ahead of polls, Andhra withdraws Amaravati land acquisition notice

Hindustan Times

The Andhra Pradesh government has withdrawn the land acquisition notification for more than 600 acres in at least 21 villages in Amaravati for the construction of the capital city, people familiar with the matter said on Thursday. The withdrawal of land acquisition in these villages would mean the farmers from whom the land was proposed to be acquired would get …

Farmers Land Acquisition Land City Capital Acquisition Withdrawal

9 months, 1 week ago

Let Priest Manage Festival at Nalgonda Temple: Telangana HC

Deccan Chronicle

Hyderabad: Justice N.V. Shravan Kumar of the Telangana High Court on Monday stalled the constitution of a six-member festival committee for the Sambhu Lingeshwara temple, Veliminedu village in Nalgonda district. Justice Shravan Kumar noticed photographs on the file of the case and observed that an old gentleman was maintaining the temple well and must be permitted to go ahead with …

Temple

9 months, 2 weeks ago

Supreme Court Exonerates Travancore Devaswom Board On Sourcing Cardamom For Sabarimala Aravana Prasadam

Live Law

The Supreme Court held that there was no fault on the part of the Travancore Devaswom Board in sourcing 7000 kilograms of cardamom in 2022 for the preparation of Aravana Prasadam which is offered in the Sabarimala Temple.The Kerala High Court, in April 2023, had ordered the prosecution of the Travancore Devaswom Board under the Food Safety and Standards Act …

Supreme Court Board Court Public Interest Litigation Writ High Respondent No

9 months, 4 weeks ago

Kerala High Court bins order giving land to church for Rs 100/acre

New Indian Express

KOCHI: The Kerala High Court on Friday overturned a controversial move by the state government to allot approximately 5.5358 hectares of land to the St George Forane Church, Kallodi, in Mananthavady taluk of Wayanad district at an astoundingly low rate of Rs 100 per acre. This court cannot shut its eyes to these illegalities.” The government pointed out that there …

Church Court Land Tribal Wayanad State Government Land

11 months, 1 week ago

'Residential Area' Designated As Per Local Law Cannot Be Interpreted To Mean 'Residential House': Kerala High Court

Live Law

In a recent decision by the Kerala High Court, a single judge bench of Justice Bechu Kurian Thomas noted that “the term 'residential area designated as per local laws' cannot be interpreted to mean a 'residential house'. Petitioner argued that the 'residential area designated as per local laws' provided in the guidelines would need to be interpreted as including a …

Law Court House Area Outlet Residential Local Law

11 months, 1 week ago

Dalits oppose govt. move to construct health centres on land they cultivated for 70 years

The Hindu

The caste fault lines come to the fore when people belonging to the backward communities start asserting their rights. As many as 28 families from the village, mostly Dalits, have been reportedly cultivating approximately 19 acres of Poramboke land adjacent to the National Highway-65 near the Chillakallu Toll Plaza for the past 70 years. Such valuable land coming to us, …

Land Poramboke Land Poramboke

11 months, 3 weeks ago

[Disaster Management Act 2005] District Authority Can't Expand 'Landslide Prone Area' Definition Sans State Authority's Approval: Kerala HC

Live Law

The Kerala High Court has made it clear that the District Disaster Management Authority cannot expand the term ' landslide prone area ' without approval from the State Disaster Management Authority. In this case, the petitioner's application for change of occupancy from residence to homestay in Wayanad was rejected stating that his house comes within 500 meters distance from a …

Disaster Court State Panchayat Zone District Occupancy

1 year ago

Kerala Buildings (Lease & Rent Control) Act | S.11(3) Does Not Apply When Landlord Obtains Vacant Possession After Eviction Petition: High Court

Live Law

The Kerala High Court on Wednesday laid down that the first proviso to Section 11 Kerala Buildings Act, 1965 does not apply to situations where the landlord obtains vacant possession of a building after the institution of the eviction petition. The first proviso to Section 11 restricts the power of the Rent Control Court in issuing an order directing the …

High Court Court Eviction Landlord Tenant Control Possession

1 year ago

Kerala Paddy Land Act - Supreme Court Stays HC Order Holding That Land Over 25 Cents Can Be Converted By Paying Fee Under Section 27A

Live Law

The Supreme Court has stayed the order of the Kerala High Court that properties in excess of 25 cents can be converted from paddy land as per Section 27A of the Paddy Land Act by paying the fee for the land in excess of 25 cents. The High Court had held that 25 Cents would be excluded for computation of …

Kerala Court Land Paddy High Fee Single

1 year, 1 month ago

[Kerala Building Tax Act 1975] Remaining Area Used For Ancillary Purposes Of Factory Also Exempted From Payment Of Building Tax: High Court

Live Law

The Kerala High Court recently considered whether some ‘area’ used in relation to a factory can be given exemption from payment of the building tax under Section 3 of the Kerala Building Tax Act 1975. Justice Dinesh Kumar Singh observed that the term ‘principally’ under Section 3 means ‘predominantly’ and held if the building was predominantly used as a factory, …

High Court Court Factory Printing Building Payment Area

1 year, 1 month ago

Karnataka High Court quashes 2005-06 land acquisition for beautification of national monuments at Hampi

The Hindu

The High Court of Karnataka has quashed the acquisition of around seven acres of land for beautification and infrastructure improvement near protected monuments of Ugra Narasimha and Badavilinga temples at Hampi. The court held that the action of the State government in acquiring the land by dispensing with Section 5A of the Land Acquisition Act, 1894, which mandates hearing of …

Court Land Acquisition State

1 year, 2 months ago

Kerala launches eviction drive to clear encroachments Idukki

Hindustan Times

Kochi: A special task force constituted by the Kerala government cleared an illegally encroached piece of land belonging to an individual in Chinnakanal panchayat of Idukki district on Thursday in what is tipped to be the start of a major eviction drive in the fragile hill station of Munnar, officials familiar with the matter said. The action of the STF …

Kerala Court Eviction Land Drive Encroachments Stf

1 year, 2 months ago

After Madras HC order, Puducherry district administration initiates measures to take possession of illegally occupied temple land

The Hindu

Following the order given by the Madras High Court on takeover of the encroached land belonging to the Kamatchiamman temple, the District Collector E. Vallavan has directed the Deputy Collector to initiate immediate measures to take possession of the property. Last week, the High Court in Chennai had directed the government to take possession of the property in entirety and …

Property Court Temple Puducherry

1 year, 4 months ago

Farmers occupying NLC land will be granted time till September 15 to harvest standing crops, TN govt. tells Madras High Court

The Hindu

The State government on Monday told the Madras High Court that it was willing to grant time till September 15 for farmers to harvest the standing crops they had raised on lands acquired by the Neyveli Lignite Corporation over a decade ago for its expansion activities, and that the farmers, in turn, should agree to hand over the lands after …

Court Farmers Land State Standing Crops Lands

1 year, 4 months ago

Explained | The controversy over land acquisition by the Neyveli Lignite Corporation in Tamil Nadu

The Hindu

The story so far: Over the past one year, areas near Valayamadevi, Karivetti, and Kathazhai, located near the opencast mines of Central Public Sector Enterprise NLC India Ltd. in Cuddalore district remained a hotbed of protests over the latter’s move to take possession of lands acquired more than a decade ago for its expansion activities. NLCIL generates about 6,061 MW …

Tamil Nadu Land Acquisition Land Lands Landowners Acquired Cpse

1 year, 5 months ago

The infinite variety of custom

The Hindu

Every three years, the Oraon tribal people of Masmano, a village located about 40 km from Ranchi in Jharkhand, gather at their Sarna sthal. Sukhi Oraon, the VKK chief in Jharkhand, says, “UCC is a good thing, but tribal culture cannot be touched.” The tribal groups of Jharkhand believe that civil courts are too cumbersome and inaccessible. Advocate R. Katyayan, …

Constitution Property Court Meghalaya Land Tribal Communities Tribal

1 year, 5 months ago

Andhra Pradesh High Court Stays Construction On 'Donka' Land In Guntur

Live Law

The Andhra Pradesh High Court has ordered an interim stay on use of ‘Donka’ land for construction of a religious structure in Guntur district. The bench of Justice N Jayasurya said, “Considering the submissions made and perusing the material on record, matter including the latest adangal dated 22.6.2023, which shows that the subject property is classified as "Donka", the Revenue …

Construction Court Land Donka

1 year, 6 months ago

Tamil Nadu government regains possession of prime land worth ₹1,000 crore in Chennai from Agri Horticultural Society

The Hindu

The Chennai District Collectorate on Monday evening regained possession of a prime land measuring 6.35 acres of land in the heart of the city on Cathedral Road, just a few feet away from the U.S. Consulate here. The land estimated to be valued at ₹1,000 crore was until recently under the possession of the Agri Horticultural Society. A Bench of …

Society Chennai Land Cla Cathedral Road

1 year, 7 months ago

Farmers to move SC against house sites to non-locals in Amaravati

Deccan Chronicle

Vijayawada: Farmers from Amaravati will move the Supreme Court seeking a stay order on AP High Court’s recent order allowing the state government to allot house sites to the poor by setting up a separate R5 Zone. The farmers’ are apprehensive at the allotment of house sites to the economically weaker sections and poor people from outside the capital region …

Farmers Amaravati House Sites R5 Zone

1 year, 9 months ago

Trespasser Having No Jural Relationship With State Can't Insist On Procedure For Eviction Under Public Premises Act: Kerala High Court

Live Law

The Kerala High Court recently held that a rank trespasser has no recognition under law as far as illegal occupation of a public premise is concerned, and that the Court cannot accord such person with some sort of protection regarding the illegal use of the premise.The Court in this case was dealing with a rank trespasser who was an occupant …

Law Court Public Premises Kerala High Court Public Gcda Bench

1 year, 9 months ago

[Kerala Land Reforms Act] Mutation In Favour Of Third Party Has No Bearing On Proceedings Against Predecessor-In-Interest Over Excess Land: High Court

Live Law

The Kerala High Court recently directed the mutation of land covered by two sale deeds in favour of the person who purchased the land, notwithstanding the fact that the predecessor-in-interest was allegedly holding the land in excess of the ceiling limit under Kerala Land Reforms Act. The Single Judge Bench of Justice Gopinath P. observed, "Even in respect of cases …

Kerala Tax Court Land Proceedings Excess Petitioner

1 year, 10 months ago

Vision document to be commissioned for plantation sector

The Hindu

The recently constituted Kerala Plantation Directorate will commission a vision document for plantations in the State for drawing up plans to make the sector profitable, job-generating and environmentally sustainable. The document is expected to cover the entire range of ideas from diversification of plantations to labour welfare, introduction of profitable tourism ventures and leveraging carbon credits from the sector, sources …

State Hectares Vision Document Directorate Plantation Crops

1 year, 10 months ago

If Authorities Fail To Act Within Stipulated Time After Issuance Of Purchase Notice Under Town Planning Law, Land Owner Can Use Land For Any Purpose: Kerala High Court

Live Law

The Kerala High Court recently held that after a purchase notice has been issued by a land owner under Section 67 of the Kerala Town and Country Planning Act, 2016, it is not mandatory for the person to wait for completion of variation of the Detailed Town Planning Scheme or Master Plan, to utilise the land. A division bench of …

Kerala Planning Land Kerala High Court Notice Plan Act

1 year, 10 months ago

AP Cabinet extends ban on Maoists for another year

Deccan Chronicle

VIJAYAWADA: The AP cabinet has approved a proposal to treat as a “special case” the issue of fee reimbursement payment of Rs 9,12,07,782 to students belonging to the categories B and C along with category A in YSR district Fatima Institute of Medical Sciences. The cabinet, which met on Wednesday, gave its approval for filling 10 additional posts of District …

Revenue Cabinet District Division Vizianagaram Approved Mandal

1 year, 10 months ago

District Collector's Sanction Not Necessary For Initiating Prosecution Under Section 7 Of Essential Commodities Act: Kerala High Court

Live Law

The Kerala High Court recently held that the sanction of the district collector is not required for initiating prosecution under Section 7 of the Essential Commodities Act, 1955. As Rajan failed to produce any bill, invoice, or other documents supporting such storage of LPG cylinders, the District Collector alleged violation of clause 6 of the LPG Order, 2000 and Section …

Action Court Sanction Order Essential Commodities Act District Act

2 years ago

TN farmers in Idukki district urge Centre to fix procurement price for cardamom

New Indian Express

THENI: The Tamil Nadu farmers, cultivating cardamom in Idukki in Kerala, has urged the TN government to exert pressure on the Centre to increase the procurement prices for the spice as they have incurred huge losses due to the incessant rains. However, over the past few years, in view of incessant rain, the farmers of Tamil Nadu have been facing …

Tamil Nadu Kerala Farmers Centre Cardamom Idukki Procurement Price

2 years, 1 month ago

Kerala Cooperative Society Member Executing Instrument/Sale Deed In His Own Capacity Not Entitled To Benefit Of Stamp Duty Remission: Supreme Court

Live Law

The Supreme Court observed that a member of a cooperative society in Kerala executing an instrument/sale deed in his own capacity shall not be entitled to the benefit of remission of stamp duty.The bench of Justices MR Shah and Krishna Murari upheld the Kerala High Court Full Bench Judgment which held that the benefit of remission of stamp duty is …

Kerala Duty Act Guardian Benefit Stamp Stamp Duty

2 years, 1 month ago

Common land can’t be sold for plantation to government agencies: HC

Hindustan Times

Shamlat deh in a village/panchayat can’t be sold even for plantation to government agencies, the Punjab and Haryana High Court has held. The HC bench of justice Lisa Gill and Harsh Bunger said that although the change of user of shamlat deh land by the gram panchayat is vested in it under the Punjab Village Common Lands Act, 1961, the …

Court Land Gram Panchayat Panchayat Gram Purposes Common Land

2 years, 3 months ago

Owners can't sell land in Tamil Nadu village, told Waqf Board owns it

India Today

Villagers in Tamil Nadu’s Thiruchendurai village were in for a shock after a land owner, trying to sell his land, was informed that he must get a no-objection certificate from the Waqf Board according to a recent letter to the sub-registrar’s office. Rajagopal wanted to sell a little over an acre of land when he was told to get the …

Land Noc Village Waqf Board Thiruchendurai

Land Used For Cardamom Plantation Can't Be Changed Without Collector's Permission, NOC Mandatory For Any Construction: Kerala High Court

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