A guide to the decades-long conflict in DR Congo
Al JazeeraThe resource-rich country, now facing a major rebel attack, has been racked by conflict for more than 30 years. On October 24, 1996, the Tutsi-dominated AFDL in Kivu and troops of the Rwandan army launched offensives in eastern DRC, sparking the First Congo War. In response, Rwanda backed a new rebel group, the Rally for Congolese Democracy which launched a revolt in August 1998 and started the Second Congo War. M23: Operating in North Kivu province, the group takes its name from the March 23 Agreement of 2009 when the DRC government, under President Joseph Kabila — son of Laurent-Désiré Kabila — signed a ceasefire treaty with the Tutsi-majority National Congress for the Defence of the People, one of the numerous groups of fighters active since the Second Congo War. There’s also the Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda, an ethnic Hutu group active since the final years of the Second Congo War and backed by the Congolese Army, according to a UN Experts Group report.