[138 NI Act] Accused Not Competent To Tender Evidence On Affidavit: Reiterates Punjab & Haryana HC [Read Judgment]
5 years, 1 month ago

[138 NI Act] Accused Not Competent To Tender Evidence On Affidavit: Reiterates Punjab & Haryana HC [Read Judgment]

Live Law  

The Punjab and Haryana High Court has held that an accused facing trial under the provisions of Negotiable Instruments Act cannot be allowed to tender evidence on affidavit. Justice Surinder Gupta said, "the petitioner being an accused, who is facing trial in complaint under the provisions of Negotiable Instruments Act, is not competent to tender his evidence through affidavit and learned trial Court has not committed any error while declining permission to this effect to petitioner." In the said case, the Apex Court took up and decided the issue as to whether the accused can be allowed to give evidence on affidavit as per provisions of Section 145 of NI Act and observed that it was wrong to equate the defence evidence with the complainant's evidence and to extend the option of giving evidence on affidavit to the accused as well. Noting that the observations made by the court in case of Mandvi Cooperative Bank Ltd. had not been set aside or dissented in the case of Indian Bank Association, the high court said, "In view of clear proposition of law as laid down in Mandvi Cooperative Bank Ltd. by Hon'ble Apex Court, the petitioner being an accused, who is facing trial in complaint under the provisions of Negotiable Instruments Act, is not competent to tender his evidence through affidavit and learned trial Court has not committed any error while declining permission to this effect to petitioner."

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History of this topic

S. 138 NI Act | Complainant Can't Be Left Remediless Merely Because He Filed 'Premature' Complaint For Cheque Dishonour: Rajasthan HC
1 week, 1 day ago

S. 138 NI Act | Complainant Can't Be Left Remediless Merely Because He Filed 'Premature' Complaint For Cheque Dishonour: Rajasthan HC

Live Law  

“ From the aforesaid law laid down by the Apex Court in the case of Yogendra Pratap Singh and Gajanand Burange, it is apparent that in a case where the complaint was filed before the expiry of a period of fifteen days stipulated in the notice which is required to be served upon the drawer of the cheque, the Court …

Cognizance Of Cheque Dishonour U/S 138 NI Act Can Be Taken Only Upon A Written Complaint: Jharkhand High Court Reiterates
1 month, 2 weeks ago

Cognizance Of Cheque Dishonour U/S 138 NI Act Can Be Taken Only Upon A Written Complaint: Jharkhand High Court Reiterates

Live Law  

While hearing a cheque bouncing case, the Jharkhand High Court has reaffirmed that cognizance of offences under Section 142 of the Negotiable Instruments Act does not require a report to the police nor empowers the court to direct the police to investigate the complaint. The court further clarified that under Section 142 of the NI Act the cognizance of an …

Sworn Affidavit Compulsory Along With Private Complaint: Karnataka High Court Reiterates
1 month, 3 weeks ago

Sworn Affidavit Compulsory Along With Private Complaint: Karnataka High Court Reiterates

Live Law  

The Karnataka High Court has reiterated that a person filing a private complaint before the Magistrate court has to file a sworn affidavit in support of the complaint. A Single judge, Justice Mohammad Nawaz, held thus while allowing a petition filed by Parvati Sharanappa and another person and quashed the FIR and private complaint initiated by Rayappa Jangali against them …

Condition Of Pre-Deposit U/S 148 Negotiable Instruments Act Can't Be Used To Jeopardise Convict's Right To Appeal: Rajasthan High Court
1 month, 4 weeks ago

Condition Of Pre-Deposit U/S 148 Negotiable Instruments Act Can't Be Used To Jeopardise Convict's Right To Appeal: Rajasthan High Court

Live Law  

Rajasthan High Court has reiterated that Section 148 of the Negotiable Instruments Act should not be imposed in a situation where the condition of depositing 20% of the fine would amount to deprivation of the right of appeal of a person convicted under Section 138. Section 148, NI Act, provides that in an appeal by a convict of cheque dishonour, …

Complainant's Burden Shifting Under Section 139 of the Negotiable Instruments Act: High Court Observation
2 months, 1 week ago

Complainant's Burden Shifting Under Section 139 of the Negotiable Instruments Act: High Court Observation

Live Law  

The Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh High Court has observed that once the complainant proves that a cheque was issued by the accused to discharge a debt, Section 139 mandates that the burden of proof shifts to the accused. The court dismissed an appeal filed by one Choudhary Piara Singh against an acquittal order issued by the Trial Court in …

Negotiable Instruments Act | Court Can Compound Offences U/S 147 Even After Conviction: Himachal Pradesh High Court
4 months, 2 weeks ago

Negotiable Instruments Act | Court Can Compound Offences U/S 147 Even After Conviction: Himachal Pradesh High Court

Live Law  

The Himachal Pradesh High Court has ruled that under Section 147 of the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881, offences can be compounded even after the recording of a conviction by the court. Justice Sandeep Sharma delivered this judgment while hearing a petition under Section 528 of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023, read with Section 147 of the Negotiable Instruments Act. …

[Cheque Dishonour] Accused Often Get Away Due To Lack Of Evidence, Courts Must Acknowledge Friendly Cash Loans Between Parties: Delhi HC
4 months, 2 weeks ago

[Cheque Dishonour] Accused Often Get Away Due To Lack Of Evidence, Courts Must Acknowledge Friendly Cash Loans Between Parties: Delhi HC

Live Law  

While hearing a matter on cheque bounce under the Negotiable Instruments Act, the Delhi High Court recently said that it would be prudent for courts to acknowledge that friendly cash loans are provided between parties without an existing document trail, with accused often getting acquitted because the complainant is unable to prove the existence of a debt. A single judge …

Punjab & Haryana High Court Quashes Order To Lodge FIR Against Police Officer For Faulty Investigation, Cites Non-Compliance Of HC Rules
5 months ago

Punjab & Haryana High Court Quashes Order To Lodge FIR Against Police Officer For Faulty Investigation, Cites Non-Compliance Of HC Rules

Live Law  

The Punjab and Haryana High Court has quashed the direction of a trial court to file case against a Police Officer who allegedly conducted faulty investigation in a criminal intimidation case.Trial Court had, while acquitting the accused persons in the case, said that an unfair and faulty investigation was conducted by both the investigating officers and the SHO concerned, thereby …

Discharge Of Debt By Drawer To Be Determined At Trial, Can't Be Ground For Quashing Cheque Bounce Case U/S 138 NI Act: Jharkhand HC
5 months, 4 weeks ago

Discharge Of Debt By Drawer To Be Determined At Trial, Can't Be Ground For Quashing Cheque Bounce Case U/S 138 NI Act: Jharkhand HC

Live Law  

The Jharkhand High Court has dismissed a petition to quash a cheque bounce case, emphasizing that determining whether the petitioner had settled the debt for which the cheques were issued is a factual matter requiring a full trial. Justice Anil Kumar Choudhary, presiding over the case, observed, “Now whether or not the petitioner has discharged the debt for which the …

S.138 NI Act - Cheque Dishonour Complaint Can't Be Transferred At The Instance Of Accused : Supreme Court
6 months, 2 weeks ago

S.138 NI Act - Cheque Dishonour Complaint Can't Be Transferred At The Instance Of Accused : Supreme Court

Live Law  

The Supreme Court today observed that transfer of a case for the offence of dishonour of cheque under S. 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act 1881 cannot be sought at the instance of the accused.The vacation bench of Justices AS Oka and Rajesh Bindal dismissed a transfer petition sought at the behest of the accused involved in the offence under …

Cheques Dishonored With Endorsements 'Insufficient Fund', 'Account Closed', 'Signature Mismatch' Attract S. 138 NI Act: Allahabad HC
7 months, 1 week ago

Cheques Dishonored With Endorsements 'Insufficient Fund', 'Account Closed', 'Signature Mismatch' Attract S. 138 NI Act: Allahabad HC

Live Law  

The Allahabad High Court has observed that if the cheque is dishonoured and returned with the endorsements - case referred to drawer, instruction for stoppage of payment, exceeds arrangement, insufficient fund, signature differed or mismatch or account closed - then it will be sufficient for prima facie case for issuing process under Section 138 NI Act. A bench of Justice …

S.138 NI Act | Courts Can't Compel Complainant To Give Consent For Compounding, Mere Repayment Won't Absolve Accused : Supreme Court
8 months, 1 week ago

S.138 NI Act | Courts Can't Compel Complainant To Give Consent For Compounding, Mere Repayment Won't Absolve Accused : Supreme Court

Live Law  

Recently, the Supreme Court observed that the Courts cannot compel the complainant in a cheque dishonour case to give consent for the compounding of the complaint merely because the accused has compensated the complainant.The Court also observed that mere repayment of the amount cannot mean that the appellant is absolved from the criminal liabilities under Section 138 of the. Recently, …

[S. 311 CrPC] Trial Court Can Issue Summons Even On Plea Of Person Who Is 'Stranger To Trial': Punjab & Haryana High Court
8 months, 4 weeks ago

[S. 311 CrPC] Trial Court Can Issue Summons Even On Plea Of Person Who Is 'Stranger To Trial': Punjab & Haryana High Court

Live Law  

The Punjab & Haryana High Court has said that the Trial Court can exercise power under Section 311 of CrPC not only on a plea by a party to the trial including accused, prosecution, complainant and witness or on its own volition, but also on a plea of a person "who is seemingly rank stranger to the trial. The Punjab …

[Cheque Dishonour] Complainant Failed To Prove Cheque Was Issued Against Legally Enforceable Debt: Kerala High Court Acquits Accused
9 months, 3 weeks ago

[Cheque Dishonour] Complainant Failed To Prove Cheque Was Issued Against Legally Enforceable Debt: Kerala High Court Acquits Accused

Live Law  

The Kerala High Court has held that a complainant under the Negotiable Instruments Act cannot rely on the presumption that the holder of a negotiable instrument has paid consideration for it when his claim is inconsistent.It upheld the acquittal of the accused upon noting that the complainant in the present case had failed to prove that the cheque had been …

[S.138 NI Act] Must Examine Those With Direct Knowledge Of Transaction To Prove Allegations Of Cheque Dishonour: Kerala High Court Sets Aside Conviction
10 months, 3 weeks ago

[S.138 NI Act] Must Examine Those With Direct Knowledge Of Transaction To Prove Allegations Of Cheque Dishonour: Kerala High Court Sets Aside Conviction

Live Law  

The Kerala High Court has stated that the prosecution has to examine a witness who had direct knowledge regarding the transaction, issuance and execution of the cheque to prove dishonour of the cheque. Justice A. Badharudeen observed that the examination of a witness who had no direct knowledge regarding the transaction or issuance of the cheque would be insufficient to …

S.138 NI Act | Single Complaint For Dishonour Of Multiple Cheques Issued Qua Same Transaction Maintainable: Karnataka High Court
10 months, 4 weeks ago

S.138 NI Act | Single Complaint For Dishonour Of Multiple Cheques Issued Qua Same Transaction Maintainable: Karnataka High Court

Live Law  

The Karnataka High Court has held that a single complaint made under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act, is maintainable for multiple cheques issued by the respondent/accused on the same cause of action. A single judge bench of Justice K Natarajan allowed the petition filed by complainant A Adinarayana Reddy and set aside the order dismissing the complaint filed …

High Court Under S. 482 CrPC Should Not Decide Whether Debt In Cheque Dishonour Case Is Time-Barred: Supreme Court
11 months, 1 week ago

High Court Under S. 482 CrPC Should Not Decide Whether Debt In Cheque Dishonour Case Is Time-Barred: Supreme Court

Live Law  

The Supreme Court recently reiterated that in proceedings under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881, the question of whether the underlying debt is time-barred is based on the evidence. “Undoubtedly, the question regarding the time-barred nature of an underlying debt or liability in proceedings under Section 138 of the NI Act is a mixed question of law and …

S.138 NI Act | Proceedings For Cheque Dishonour Be Quashed Once Complainant Signs Deed Accepting Amount In Full & Final Settlement: Supreme Court
1 year ago

S.138 NI Act | Proceedings For Cheque Dishonour Be Quashed Once Complainant Signs Deed Accepting Amount In Full & Final Settlement: Supreme Court

Live Law  

In a Criminal Appeal arising out of proceedings under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881, the Supreme Court held that once the settlement has been arrived at and the complainant has signed the deed accepting an amount in full and final settlement, the proceedings under this provision must be quashed. “Considering the overall facts and circumstances of the …

S.138 NI Act | Availability Of Funds In Other Bank Accounts Not A Defence; Cheque Dishonour Relates To Specific Account: Supreme Court
1 year, 1 month ago

S.138 NI Act | Availability Of Funds In Other Bank Accounts Not A Defence; Cheque Dishonour Relates To Specific Account: Supreme Court

Live Law  

Recently, the Supreme Court categorically held that in proceedings initiated for bounced cheques, the defence that there are sufficient funds in the other bank accounts cannot be appreciated.“In a proceeding under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act, the accused cannot rely upon other bank accounts for. Recently, the Supreme Court categorically held that in proceedings initiated for bounced cheques, …

[Cheque Dishonour] Accused Must Take 'Probable Defence' To Rebut Adverse Presumption U/S 139 NI Act: Karnataka High Court Reiterates
1 year, 1 month ago

[Cheque Dishonour] Accused Must Take 'Probable Defence' To Rebut Adverse Presumption U/S 139 NI Act: Karnataka High Court Reiterates

Live Law  

The Karnataka High Court has reiterated that to rebut the presumption under Section 139 Negotiable Instruments Act that cheque has been issued in discharge of a debt or liability, the accused must raise 'probable defence'. Faced with accused's mere denial regarding the existence of debt, Justice S Rachaiah remarked, “If the defence taken by the accused is not acceptable obviously …

Cheque Dishonour Cases - What Should Courts Ask Accused Once Presumption Under S.139 NI Act Is Applicable? Supreme Court Explains
1 year, 2 months ago

Cheque Dishonour Cases - What Should Courts Ask Accused Once Presumption Under S.139 NI Act Is Applicable? Supreme Court Explains

Live Law  

Reiterating the principles relating to the presumption under Section 139 of the Negotiable Instruments Act 1881, the Supreme Court reversed the acquittal of an accused in a case for cheque dishonour.A bench comprising Justices Aravind Kumar and SVN Bhatti observed that there was a "fundamental flaw" in the approach taken by both the Trial Court and the High Court.Summarising the …

S.227 CrPC | Notarised Affidavit By Complainant Not Sufficient To Discharge Accused: Kerala High Court
1 year, 3 months ago

S.227 CrPC | Notarised Affidavit By Complainant Not Sufficient To Discharge Accused: Kerala High Court

Live Law  

The Kerala High Court recently held that a notarised affidavit signed by the de facto complainants exonerating the accused person cannot be taken in isolation to discharge the accused.Justice N. Nagaresh explained that to discharge an accused person under Section 227 of the CrPC, the Court ought to determine if there are sufficient grounds to proceed against them. The Kerala …

Section 202 CrPC - Evidence Of Witnesses On Behalf Of Complainant In Cheque Cases Can Be Taken On Affidavit : Supreme Court
1 year, 4 months ago

Section 202 CrPC - Evidence Of Witnesses On Behalf Of Complainant In Cheque Cases Can Be Taken On Affidavit : Supreme Court

Live Law  

The Supreme Court reitereated that in cheque cases, the evidence of witnesses on behalf of the complainant can be permitted to be taken on affidavit.In this case, the High Court quashed the order issuing summons on the ground of non-compliance with the mandate of Section 202 CrPC. However, no further direction was issued by the High Court to the learned …

Not Proper To Shift Burden On Complainant To Prove NI Act Case Beyond ‘Reasonable Doubt’ When Accused Didn’t Respond To Statutory Notice: Gujarat High Court
1 year, 7 months ago

Not Proper To Shift Burden On Complainant To Prove NI Act Case Beyond ‘Reasonable Doubt’ When Accused Didn’t Respond To Statutory Notice: Gujarat High Court

Live Law  

While allowing a leave to appeal against acquittal in a criminal case under Section 138 of the N.I. Act, the Gujarat High Court said the Magistrate's approach in shifting the burden upon the complainant to prove his case beyond reasonable doubt was not proper “when the accused has chosen not to question the financial capacity of complainant at very first …

Court Can Allow Evidence On Affidavit In DV Act Case: Gujarat High Court
1 year, 7 months ago

Court Can Allow Evidence On Affidavit In DV Act Case: Gujarat High Court

Live Law  

The Gujarat High Court recently held that a court can deviate from procedure mentioned under Section 28 read with Rule 6 of The Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005, and devise its own procedure which would include permitting evidence by way of an affidavit. Act including the scope of Section 28, court can deviate from procedure mentioned under …

Supreme Court Annual Digest 2022- Indian Evidence Act, 1872
1 year, 11 months ago

Supreme Court Annual Digest 2022- Indian Evidence Act, 1872

Live Law  

Evidence Act, 1872 - A mere non -examination of the witness per se will not vitiate the case of the prosecution. Rajesh Yadav v. State of U.P., 2022 LiveLaw 137 : 2022 SCALE 135 Evidence Act 1872 - Dying Declaration - When can be relied upon - Conditions - It could thus be seen that the Court is required to …

Section 138 NI Act | Infirmity In Cheque Return Memo Does Not Render Entire Trial As Nullity: Delhi High Court
2 years, 1 month ago

Section 138 NI Act | Infirmity In Cheque Return Memo Does Not Render Entire Trial As Nullity: Delhi High Court

Live Law  

The Delhi High Court has held that any infirmity in the cheque return memo does not render the entire trial under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act as nullity.Observing that cheque return memo is a memo informing the payee and its banker about the dishonour of a cheque, Justice Sudhir Kumar Jain said if the said cheque return memo …

Accused Entitled Only To 'List' Of Documents Not Relied Upon By Investigating Agency At Commencement Of Trial: Punjab & Haryana High Court
2 years, 1 month ago

Accused Entitled Only To 'List' Of Documents Not Relied Upon By Investigating Agency At Commencement Of Trial: Punjab & Haryana High Court

Live Law  

The Punjab and Haryana High Court has held that at commencement of trial, an accused person is entitled to a list of those documents which are not relied upon by the Investigating agency. He referred to Re: To Issue Certain Guidelines Regarding Inadequacies and Deficiencies in Criminal Trials v. State of Andhra Pradesh and Others, wherein the Supreme Court had …

Cheque Dishonour- Additional Accused Cannot Be Impleaded After Expiry Of Limitation Period Under Sec 142 NI Act : Supreme Court
2 years, 1 month ago

Cheque Dishonour- Additional Accused Cannot Be Impleaded After Expiry Of Limitation Period Under Sec 142 NI Act : Supreme Court

Live Law  

The Supreme Court held that impleadment of additional accused subsequent to the filing of a cheque bounce complaint is not permissible once the limitation prescribed for taking cognizance of the offence under Section 142 of the Negotiable Instruments Act has expired.In this case, the High Court quashed a summoning order passed by a Magistrate in a cheque bounce complaint on …

Wife Cannot Be Made Accused in NI Act Case For Cheque Issued By Her Husband: Karnataka High Court
2 years, 2 months ago

Wife Cannot Be Made Accused in NI Act Case For Cheque Issued By Her Husband: Karnataka High Court

Live Law  

The Karnataka High Court has said proceedings under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act cannot be initiated against the wife for "dishonor of the cheque issued by her husband". A single judge bench of Justice M I Arun while allowing the petition filed by petitioner Veenashri and quashing the proceedings against her, said, "Petitioner cannot be made accused for …

S.138 NI Act | Director Cannot Be Prosecuted For Cheque Dishonour Without Arraying Company As Accused: Kerala High Court Reiterates
2 years, 2 months ago

S.138 NI Act | Director Cannot Be Prosecuted For Cheque Dishonour Without Arraying Company As Accused: Kerala High Court Reiterates

Live Law  

The Kerala High Court has reiterated that when a cheque issued by a company is dishonored, prosecution under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act against its Director shall not sustain if the company is not arrayed as an accused. Justice A. Badharudeen relying on the law laid down by the Apex Court, observed that prosecution against the director of …

S.141 NI Act | Sole Proprietor Alone Can't Be Sued For Offence U/S 138, Sole Proprietary Concern Must Also Be Arrayed As Accused: P&H High Court
2 years, 3 months ago

S.141 NI Act | Sole Proprietor Alone Can't Be Sued For Offence U/S 138, Sole Proprietary Concern Must Also Be Arrayed As Accused: P&H High Court

Live Law  

The Punjab and Haryana High Court recently held that when a cheque issued by a sole proprietary entity is dishonoured, it is necessary to array the proprietary concern as an accused, along with the sole proprietor. It observed, When the statutory signification assigned to a 'Company', does visibly cover not only any corporate body, but also covers a firm, or …

Punjab & Haryana High Court Weekly Round Up: 22 August To 28 August, 2022
2 years, 4 months ago

Punjab & Haryana High Court Weekly Round Up: 22 August To 28 August, 2022

Live Law  

Amit Kumar through his LR's mother Smt. Sushila Devi v. State of Haryana and another 2022 LiveLaw 237 Om Prakash Soni Vs State of Punjab and others, and connected matters 2022 LiveLaw 234 Vijay Kumar Setia Versus State Of Punjab And Others Rajpal Poultry Farm v. State of Haryana Judgments/Orders S.437 CrPC | Bail May Be Granted If Case Triable …

Cheques Dishonored Due To Stop Payment, Account Closed & Signature Mismatch, All Fall Within Ambit Of S.138 NI Act: J&K&L High Court
2 years, 4 months ago

Cheques Dishonored Due To Stop Payment, Account Closed & Signature Mismatch, All Fall Within Ambit Of S.138 NI Act: J&K&L High Court

Live Law  

The Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh High Court recently reiterated that the provisions contained in Section 138 of the NI Act must be interpreted in a liberal manner so as to achieve the object for which the said provision has been enacted. Not only the cases of dishonour of cheques on account of insufficiency of funds or on account of …

Supreme Court Half Yearly Digest 2022 (Jan - Jun) EVIDENCE ACT- With Parallel Citations
2 years, 4 months ago

Supreme Court Half Yearly Digest 2022 (Jan - Jun) EVIDENCE ACT- With Parallel Citations

Live Law  

Evidence Act, 1872 - "Matters" - Matters are necessary, concomitant material factors to prove a fact. Rajesh Yadav v. State of U.P., 2022 LiveLaw 137 : 2022 SCALE 135 Evidence Act, 1872 - A mere non -examination of the witness per se will not vitiate the case of the prosecution. Rajesh Yadav v. State of U.P., 2022 LiveLaw 137 : …

Failure To Raise 'Probable Defence' Or Deny Issuance Of Cheque & Signature Thereupon Strengthens Presumption U/S 139 NI Act: Himachal Pradesh HC
2 years, 4 months ago

Failure To Raise 'Probable Defence' Or Deny Issuance Of Cheque & Signature Thereupon Strengthens Presumption U/S 139 NI Act: Himachal Pradesh HC

Live Law  

The Himachal Pradesh High Court has observed that if the drawer of a cheque fails to raise a "probable defence" or to contest the existence of a legally enforceable debt or to deny the issuance of the cheque and signatures thereupon, the statutory presumption in favour of cheque holder under Section 139 of Negotiable Instruments Act comes into play. "Interestingly, …

Dishonour Of Cheque | S.27 General Clauses Act Presumes Service Of Statutory Notice In Favour Of Complainant: Punjab & Haryana High Court
2 years, 5 months ago

Dishonour Of Cheque | S.27 General Clauses Act Presumes Service Of Statutory Notice In Favour Of Complainant: Punjab & Haryana High Court

Live Law  

The Punjab and Haryana High Court recently held that the service of notice upon the accused in cheque dishonour case cannot be denied in light of Section 27 of the General Clauses Act, which provides a presumption in favour of the complainant that the notice had been delivered.The bench comprising Justice Jasjit Singh Bedi was dealing with a revision petition …

S.145 Evidence Act | Attention Of Witness Must Be Drawn To Previous Statement If It Is To Be Used For Purpose Of Contradicting Him: P&H High Court
2 years, 7 months ago

S.145 Evidence Act | Attention Of Witness Must Be Drawn To Previous Statement If It Is To Be Used For Purpose Of Contradicting Him: P&H High Court

Live Law  

The Punjab and Haryana High Court while dealing with an appeal filed by three appellants against the order whereby they were convicted for robbery, held that if the witness was not confronted with that part of the statement with which the defense wanted to contradict him, then the Court cannot suo moto use the statements to prove compliance with Section …

Undisputed Signatures On The Cheque In Itself Are Not Sufficient For Conviction Under Section 138 Of NI Act: Punjab And Haryana High Court
2 years, 7 months ago

Undisputed Signatures On The Cheque In Itself Are Not Sufficient For Conviction Under Section 138 Of NI Act: Punjab And Haryana High Court

Live Law  

Punjab and Haryana High Court while dealing with an application under Section 378 Cr.P.C. for grant of leave to appeal against the judgment acquitting respondent in Complaint Case of 2012, held that undisputed signatures of the respondent on the cheque in itself are not sufficient for conviction under Section 138 of the Act. The trial court acquitted the respondent by …

Court Can't Direct Complainant/ Victim To Give Specimen Signatures U/S 311A CrPC: Punjab And Haryana High Court
2 years, 9 months ago

Court Can't Direct Complainant/ Victim To Give Specimen Signatures U/S 311A CrPC: Punjab And Haryana High Court

Live Law  

The Punjab and Haryana High Court has recently clarified that Section 311A CrPC doesn't allow the Court to make an order directing a complainant or a victim to give specimen signatures or handwriting for the purposes of any investigation or proceedings under the Code.It may be noted that this provision empowers a Judicial Magistrate, for the purposes of any investigation …

Section 106 Evidence Act Is Not Intended To Relieve Prosecution From Discharging Its Duty To Prove The Guilt Of The Accused: Supreme Court
2 years, 10 months ago

Section 106 Evidence Act Is Not Intended To Relieve Prosecution From Discharging Its Duty To Prove The Guilt Of The Accused: Supreme Court

Live Law  

Section 106 of the Indian Evidence Act is not intended to relieve the prosecution from discharging its duty to prove the guilt of the accused, the Supreme Court observed while acquitting murder accused.The bench comprising Justices Sanjiv Khanna and Bela M. Trivedi observed that the burden could not be shifted on the accused by pressing into service the provisions contained …

S 138 NI Act: Treat Service Of Summons In One Complaint As Deemed Service In All Complaints Arising Out Of Same Transaction – Bombay High Court Issues Guidelines
2 years, 11 months ago

S 138 NI Act: Treat Service Of Summons In One Complaint As Deemed Service In All Complaints Arising Out Of Same Transaction – Bombay High Court Issues Guidelines

Live Law  

Pursuant to Supreme Court's directions issued last year regarding expeditious trials in cases filed under section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act related cheque bouncing cases, the Bombay High Court has issued a circular setting out the following guidelines: 1.Magistrates trying offences under the NI Act convert a complaint under section 138 of the NI Act from summary trial to …

2021 Supreme Court Digest On Negotiable Instruments Act
3 years ago

2021 Supreme Court Digest On Negotiable Instruments Act

Live Law  

Moratorium Under Section 14 IBC Covers Section 138 NI Act Proceedings Against Corporate Debtor For Cheque DishonourIn P Mohanraj and others v M/s Shah Brothers Ispat Ltd, the Supreme Court held that the declaration of moratorium under Section 14 of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code covers criminal proceedings for dishonour of cheque under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments. Moratorium …

Complaint U/S 138 NI Act- "Accused Can Be Summoned Even On The Basis Of Affidavit Filed By Complainant": Allahabad HC
3 years ago

Complaint U/S 138 NI Act- "Accused Can Be Summoned Even On The Basis Of Affidavit Filed By Complainant": Allahabad HC

Live Law  

The Allahabad High Court on Wednesday observed that in a cheque bounce case for insufficient funds, even on the basis of affidavit filed on behalf of the complainant, an accused can be summoned by the Court.The Bench of Justice Sameer Jain further held that in such cases, there is no need for the Magistrate to record statements of witnesses under. …

Section 202(2) CrPC Inapplicable To Complaints Under Section 138 NI Act In Respect Of The Examination Of Witnesses On Oath: Supreme Court
3 years, 1 month ago

Section 202(2) CrPC Inapplicable To Complaints Under Section 138 NI Act In Respect Of The Examination Of Witnesses On Oath: Supreme Court

Live Law  

The Supreme Court reiterated that the Section 202 CrPC is inapplicable to complaints under Section 138 in respect of the examination of witnesses on oath. "If the Magistrate holds an inquiry himself, it is not compulsory that he should examine witnesses and in suitable cases the Magistrate can examine documents to be satisfied that there are sufficient grounds for proceeding …

Gravity Of Complaint Under Negotiable Instruments Act Cannot Be Equated With An Offence Under IPC Or Other Criminal Offence: Supreme Court
3 years, 3 months ago

Gravity Of Complaint Under Negotiable Instruments Act Cannot Be Equated With An Offence Under IPC Or Other Criminal Offence: Supreme Court

Live Law  

The Supreme Court observed that the gravity of complaint under Negotiable Instruments Act cannot be equated with an offence under the provisions of the Indian Penal Code or other criminal offence.The court reiterated that that the presumption under Section 139 of the Negotiable Instruments Act would remain, until the contrary is proved. The Supreme Court observed that the gravity of …

Cognizance Of Section 138 NI Act Offence By Magistrate Will Not Automatically Result In Decree In Civil Suit For Cheque Dishonour : Delhi High Court
3 years, 5 months ago

Cognizance Of Section 138 NI Act Offence By Magistrate Will Not Automatically Result In Decree In Civil Suit For Cheque Dishonour : Delhi High Court

Live Law  

The Delhi High Court has held that if the Metropolitan Magistrate takes cognizance of an offense under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instrument Act, 1881, it is not that a decree against the respondent/defendant will follow automatically.The Court rejected the argument that that mere cognizance of an offence by a MM in Section 138 NI Act proceedings should automatically lead …

Enlargement of Scope & Changed Judicial Contours of Section 138 NI Act Before SC's Ruling in M/s Laxmi Dyechem v. State of Gujarat
3 years, 6 months ago

Enlargement of Scope & Changed Judicial Contours of Section 138 NI Act Before SC's Ruling in M/s Laxmi Dyechem v. State of Gujarat

Live Law  

Prolegomenon to the Financial Transactions in Cheques: The law apropos negotiable instruments is the law of the commercial world legislated to facilitate the activities & transactions in trade and commerce and further, to bolster the efficacy of banking operations as well as to foster remittances through cheques to discharge debt obligations & liabilities eventually, not only inspiring confidence in creditors …

'Amend Section 138 NI Act To Allow One Trial For Multiple Cases From Single Transaction' : Supreme Court Issues Directions For Expeditious Trial Of Cheque Cases
3 years, 8 months ago

'Amend Section 138 NI Act To Allow One Trial For Multiple Cases From Single Transaction' : Supreme Court Issues Directions For Expeditious Trial Of Cheque Cases

Live Law  

A constitution bench of the Supreme Court on Friday issued a set of directions to expedite the trial of cheque dishonour cases under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act.The directions are as follows :The High Courts are requested to issue practice directions to the Magistrates to record reasons before converting trial of complaints under Section 138 of the. A …

Dishonour Of Cheques- Blank Cheque Would Attract Presumption U/s 139 NI Act If Signatures Are Admitted: Supreme Court
3 years, 10 months ago

Dishonour Of Cheques- Blank Cheque Would Attract Presumption U/s 139 NI Act If Signatures Are Admitted: Supreme Court

Live Law  

The Supreme Court observed that even a blank cheque leaf would attract presumption under Section 139 of the Negotiable Instruments Act when signatures are admitted by the accused.The bench comprising Justices NV Ramana, Surya Kant and Aniruddha Bose observed that 'reverse onus' clauses under Section 118 and Section 139 of the Negotiable Instruments Act become operative once the signature. The …

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