Improve nutrition delivery and don't bristle at low rank
1 year, 2 months ago

Improve nutrition delivery and don't bristle at low rank

Live Mint  

The Global Hunger Index is a report published jointly by Concern Worldwide, an aid and humanitarian agency from Ireland, and Welthungerhilfe, an agency based in Germany. Their point is not wholly semantic, for placing India very low in the “hunger" index globally implies widespread starvation and a crisis of food security in the country. The index has four components, with one third weight each for undernourishment and child mortality, and the remaining one third weight equally divided between child stunting and wasting. The data on child wasting and stunting are taken from India’s own fifth National Family Health Survey, which covered the years from 2019 to 2021. We would do well to give up the quibbling on the ranking, and focus instead on reducing IMR-1 and the rates of stunting as well as wasting among India’s large children population.

India Data Age Child Hunger This Data Imr Ghi Improve Nutrition  low  imr1  child  age  rank  delivery  ghi  hunger  india  dont  bristle  indias  improve  nutrition  index  data  countries

History of this topic

PM Modi highlights India's success at poverty alleviation at G20 Summit in Rio de Janerio
1 month ago

PM Modi highlights India's success at poverty alleviation at G20 Summit in Rio de Janerio

New Indian Express  

NEW DELHI: Over 800 million people in India are given free food grains said Prime Minister, Narendra Modi, while sharing India's success stories during the G20 session on `Social Inclusion and the Fight Against Hunger and Poverty, in Rio on Monday. "Over the last 10 years we have lifted 250 million people out of poverty, 550 million people are benefiting …

How India can break the cycle of hunger: Insights from Sudarshan Suchi, CEO of Bal Raksha Bharat
3 months, 2 weeks ago

How India can break the cycle of hunger: Insights from Sudarshan Suchi, CEO of Bal Raksha Bharat

Hindustan Times  

Malnutrition among women and children has been a persistent public health issue at the global, national and local levels and the recent UNICEF-WHO-World Bank Group Joint Malnutrition Estimates show that globally, 149.2 million children under five years were stunted in 2020, and 45.4 million suffered from wasting. Breaking the cycle of hunger: How India’s bold new plan could end malnutrition …

The neo-colonialism of global reports, rankings
8 months ago

The neo-colonialism of global reports, rankings

Hindustan Times  

Just before the 18th Lok Sabha elections, several reports authored by international agencies appeared, running down the country on various parameters. According to the World Happiness Report 2024, India is currently positioned at 126 among 143 countries, trailing behind nations such as Libya, Iraq, Palestine, Ukraine, Pakistan and Niger. Yet another one by the Thomson Reuters Foundation declared India as …

74.1% of Indians unable to afford a healthy diet: FAO Report
1 year ago

74.1% of Indians unable to afford a healthy diet: FAO Report

The Hindu  

The Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations launched the Regional Overview of Food Security and Nutrition 2023: Statistics and Trends, a report on December 12 which said 74.1% of Indians were unable to afford a healthy diet in 2021. “If food costs rise at the same time incomes fall, a compounding effect occurs that can result in even …

‘Don’t make a mockery of hunger’ Congress takes aim at Irani over remarks on GHI
1 year, 2 months ago

‘Don’t make a mockery of hunger’ Congress takes aim at Irani over remarks on GHI

Live Mint  

Union Minister Smriti Irani while addressing a gathering at a FICCI event discussing the “Future Role of Women in India,” made a significant statement, emphasizing that certain indices, like the Global Hunger Index, are intentionally skewed and do not accurately represent India's progress. 3000 people from a country of 140 crore get a phone call from Gallup and they are …

India slips in global hunger index, New Delhi slams report
1 year, 2 months ago

India slips in global hunger index, New Delhi slams report

Live Mint  

New Delhi: India said the Global Hunger Index suffers from “serious methodological issues” after the 2023 edition saw the country slip four places to rank 111 out of 125 countries. India reported the world’s highest child wasting rate of 18.7%, indicating acute undernutrition, as per the report released by the Concern Worldwide and Welt Hunger Hilfe, non-government organizations from Ireland …

India slips four places in global hunger index rankings; govt criticises report
1 year, 2 months ago

India slips four places in global hunger index rankings; govt criticises report

Live Mint  

New Delhi: India with a score of 28.7 ranked 111th of 125 countries in the Global Hunger Index 2023, according to a report released on Thursday. The report, by Irish NGO Concern Worldwide and German NGO Welt Hunger Hilfe, highlighted India's child wasting rate at 18.7%, the highest globally, signalling acute undernutrition. The 2023 Global Hunger Index also showed that …

India ranks 111 out of 125 countries in Global Hunger Index
1 year, 2 months ago

India ranks 111 out of 125 countries in Global Hunger Index

The Hindu  

October 12, 2023 05:55 pm | Updated October 13, 2023 01:53 pm IST - NEW DELHI India ranks 111 out of a total of 125 countries in the Global Hunger Index 2023, with its progress against hunger nearly halted since 2015, reflecting a global trend. India’s ranking is based on a Global Hunger Index score of 28.7 on a 100-point …

G20 leaders commit to boost global food security, eliminate hunger
1 year, 3 months ago

G20 leaders commit to boost global food security, eliminate hunger

Live Mint  

NEW DELHI - Leaders of the world's major economies, under the banner of the G20, have pledged to combat global hunger and malnutrition, as outlined in the New Delhi Leaders’ Declaration. Additionally, the G20 leaders affirmed their support for developing nations in meeting their food security goals and guaranteeing the right to adequate food for all. The leaders also committed …

Measuring hunger across States
1 year, 3 months ago

Measuring hunger across States

The Hindu  

Despite being a major food producer with extensive food security schemes and the largest public distribution system in the world, India still grapples with significant levels of food insecurity, hunger, and child malnutrition. The GHI provides a composite measurement and tracks undernourishment and hunger at the national level across three dimensions: calorie undernourishment, child malnutrition, and under-five mortality. The State …

'India's image as nation of one billion hungry stomachs changed': PM Modi lauds 'Sabka Saath Sabka Vikas' model
1 year, 3 months ago

'India's image as nation of one billion hungry stomachs changed': PM Modi lauds 'Sabka Saath Sabka Vikas' model

Hindustan Times  

A week before he hosts world leaders at the G20 summit, Prime Minister Narendra Modi has asserted that the 'Sabka Saath Sabka Vikas' model can be the guiding principle for the welfare of a world shifting from a “GDP-centric approach” to a “human-centric one”. “Irrespective of the size of the GDP, every voice matters,” Modi told PTI in an exclusive …

WFP taps India for 200,000 tonnes of rice as global hunger worsens
1 year, 4 months ago

WFP taps India for 200,000 tonnes of rice as global hunger worsens

Live Mint  

New Delhi: The World Food Programme has sought 200,000 tonnes of rice for its humanitarian operations from India, the largest exporter of the commodity, amid what it called “catastrophic levels” of global food insecurity triggered by the covid-19 pandemic and the Ukraine war, two people aware of the development said. The request comes after the UN-brokered Black Sea grain deal, …

Explained | What has to be done to get to Zero Hunger?
1 year, 5 months ago

Explained | What has to be done to get to Zero Hunger?

The Hindu  

The story so far: The Global Report on the Food Crises 2023 released recently estimated that between 691 million and 783 million people in the world suffered from hunger in 2022. The GRFC is produced by the Food Security Information Network in support of the Global Network against Food Crises, and involves 16 partners to achieve a joint consensus-based assessment …

India’s triumphs over poverty marred by an alarming hunger crisis as over 70 per cent of Indians fails to afford healthy food
1 year, 5 months ago

India’s triumphs over poverty marred by an alarming hunger crisis as over 70 per cent of Indians fails to afford healthy food

The Hindu  

Published : Jul 21, 2023 12:38 IST - 3 MINS READ Government think-tank NITI Aayog’s recent report, released on July 17, revealed a remarkable achievement in India’s fight against multidimensional poverty. However, despite these positive strides in economic development, a consortium of esteemed organisations including the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the International Fund for Agricultural Development, …

Nutrition is a luxury in India, over 100 crore people can't afford healthy food
1 year, 5 months ago

Nutrition is a luxury in India, over 100 crore people can't afford healthy food

India Today  

Indian households are stuck in a vicious cycle of malnutrition and poverty. While 42.1 per cent of the global population cannot afford healthy food, that number is 74.1 per cent for the Indian population, according to a joint report by FAO, IFAD, UNICEF, WFP and WHO. Compared to 9.2 per cent of the global population and only 2.5 per cent …

AAP’s Atishi Marlena follows Rahul Gandhi’s lead, and defames India at Cambridge based on lies: Here is the truth about HDI, Hunger Index and more
1 year, 6 months ago

AAP’s Atishi Marlena follows Rahul Gandhi’s lead, and defames India at Cambridge based on lies: Here is the truth about HDI, Hunger Index and more

Op India  

On Thursday, Aam Aadmi Party Minister Atishi Marlena went on an anti-India tirade during a conference on ‘India at 100; Towards becoming a global leader’, which was held at the University of Cambridge. First, UNDP itself acknowledged that India’s decline is in line with global trends in the face of crises such as the Russia-Ukraine war, the Covid-19 pandemic and …

Growing numbers of people in Asia lack enough to eat as food insecurity rises with higher prices: Food and Agricultural Organization’s report
1 year, 10 months ago

Growing numbers of people in Asia lack enough to eat as food insecurity rises with higher prices: Food and Agricultural Organization’s report

The Hindu  

Growing numbers of people in Asia lack enough to eat as food insecurity rises with higher prices and worsening poverty, according to a report released on January 24 by the Food and Agricultural Organization and other United Nations agencies. Nearly a half-billion people, more than eight in 10 of them in South Asia, were undernourished in 2021 and more than …

FAO: Rising prices, food insecurity add to ranks of hungry
1 year, 10 months ago

FAO: Rising prices, food insecurity add to ranks of hungry

Associated Press  

BANGKOK — Growing numbers of people in Asia lack enough to eat as food insecurity rises with higher prices and worsening poverty, according to a report released Tuesday by the Food and Agricultural Organization and other United Nations agencies. Nearly a half-billion people, more than eight in 10 of them in South Asia, were undernourished in 2021 and more than …

What Index? When Pakistanis are fighting it out for flour in streets, how Pak is ahead of India in Global Hunger Index
1 year, 11 months ago

What Index? When Pakistanis are fighting it out for flour in streets, how Pak is ahead of India in Global Hunger Index

Firstpost  

Looking at current economic crisis in Pakistan - with no respite in the near future as World Bank has cut Pakistan’s GDP growth forecast in half - it seems India’s objection to several perception-based indices for their bias, flawed methodology and opacity certainly wasn’t “untrue” New Delhi: Ranked ahead of India in the Global Hunger Index 2022, Pakistan today is …

Road to a malnutrition-free India
1 year, 11 months ago

Road to a malnutrition-free India

The Hindu  

Malnutrition continues to be a major challenge in India 75 years after independence and we need concerted action around it. The UN Food and Agriculture Organization’s report on Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2022 puts the number of undernourished people in India in 2019-21 at 224.3 million, i.e., 16% of a 1.4 billion population. The latest round of …

India will stock up the world's biggest grain storage
2 years ago

India will stock up the world's biggest grain storage

Live Mint  

India is working on developing the “world’s largest grain storage" programme by merging various schemes of the Union ministries of agriculture and farmers welfare; consumer affairs, food and public distribution; and food processing, two people aware of the development said. India’s centrally held cereal stocks, which supply subsidized grains to nearly 800 million people, slipped to a five-year low this …

India’s G20 presidency and food security
2 years, 1 month ago

India’s G20 presidency and food security

The Hindu  

Global and regional food security have been deliberated upon as one of the priority agendas of the G20 for many years now. In this context, India’s presidency of the G20 offers a historical opportunity for the country to share its successful journey in moving from a food-deficit nation to a food-surplus nation, and address the growing challenges of food security …

India slips to 107th position in Global Hunger Index, government alleges bias
2 years, 1 month ago

India slips to 107th position in Global Hunger Index, government alleges bias

The Hindu  

Published : Nov 03, 2022 10:25 IST The Global Hunger Index report of 2022, published in mid October, shows India’s place to have fallen to 107 from the previous year’s 101, out of 121 countries. “India has made significant progress in the fight against hunger since 2000, but the regression or stagnation that has occurred in child wasting cannot be …

GHI indicators are recognised globally, says project head Laura Reiner
2 years, 1 month ago

GHI indicators are recognised globally, says project head Laura Reiner

The Hindu  

Published : Nov 03, 2022 10:25 IST The Indian government says there is an effort to tarnish India’s image. These, in turn, result from a range of underlying factors, including household food insecurity; inadequate maternal health or childcare practices; or inadequate access to health services, safe water, and sanitation. Where governments have not provided consumption survey data, this aspect is …

Watch | What is the Global Hunger Index and how is it calculated?
2 years, 2 months ago

Watch | What is the Global Hunger Index and how is it calculated?

The Hindu  

What is the Global Hunger Index and how is it calculated? The Global Hunger Index 2022 was released recently. The Global Hunger Index, or GHI, has been released almost every year since 2000 It is a tool for comprehensively measuring and tracking hunger at global, regional, and national levels. India’s rank in the Global Hunger Index has consistently worsened in …

Why does South Asia have the highest levels of hunger in the world? | In Focus podcast
2 years, 2 months ago

Why does South Asia have the highest levels of hunger in the world? | In Focus podcast

The Hindu  

This year’s Global Hunger Index, a peer-reviewed annual report that tracks hunger at the “global, regional, and country levels,” has shown South Asia, and India in particular, as a hunger hot spot. India, whose child-wasting rate of 19.3% was the highest of any country, was ranked below countries such as Pakistan, Rwanda, Ethiopia and Sudan. In the Global Hunger Index …

Centre in ‘denial mode’ of India’s poverty, hunger issues: P. Chidambaram
2 years, 2 months ago

Centre in ‘denial mode’ of India’s poverty, hunger issues: P. Chidambaram

The Hindu  

Veteran Congress leader and former Finance Minister P. Chidambaram on Tuesday said that the Narendra Modi-led Central Government is in "denial mode" vis-a-vis challenge of poverty, hunger and malnutrition, which he claimed was more evident when it rejected the latest Global Hunger Index report. Right after the report, India rejected the Global Hunger index 2022, saying it suffers from "serious …

Aakar Patel | India at a new low in Global Hunger Index: Does anyone really care?
2 years, 2 months ago

Aakar Patel | India at a new low in Global Hunger Index: Does anyone really care?

Deccan Chronicle  

Sometimes important things fall out of the news cycle and for this reason must continue to be emphasised. In 2014, India’s ranking on the Global Hunger Index, which was then measuring 76 nations, was at number 55. This report said that 40 per cent of Indians suffered from food insecurity in 2019-2021 and that India alone accounted for more than …

Explained | Understanding the Global Hunger Index
2 years, 2 months ago

Explained | Understanding the Global Hunger Index

The Hindu  

The story so far: For the second time in two years, the Ministry of Women and Child Development on Saturday rejected the Global Hunger Index that ranked India 107 among 121 countries. As per the Ministry for Women and Child Development, the report lowers India’s rank based on the estimates of the Proportion of Undernourished population. On why the GHI …

Global Hunger Index report irresponsible, mischievous: RSS body demands action against publishers
2 years, 2 months ago

Global Hunger Index report irresponsible, mischievous: RSS body demands action against publishers

The Hindu  

The Swadeshi Jagran Manch on October 16 termed the 2022 Global Hunger Index report “irresponsible and mischievous” and urged the Union Government to take action against its publishers for “defaming” India. “The German non-governmental organisation Welt Hunger Hilfe has once again released the ranking of 121 countries based on the World Hunger Index, prepared in a very irresponsible way to …

Global Hunger Index attempt to tarnish India’s image: Centre
2 years, 2 months ago

Global Hunger Index attempt to tarnish India’s image: Centre

The Hindu  

The government has yet again rejected the Global Hunger Index 2022 which ranks India 107 among 121 countries and has called it “an erroneous measure of hunger” and an attempt to “taint” India’s image. It adds that that the fourth indicator, estimate of Proportion of Undernourished, population is based on an opinion poll conducted on a very small sample size …

‘Misinformation is the hallmark of Global Hunger Index 2022’: India slams rating as attempt to taint country’s image
2 years, 2 months ago

‘Misinformation is the hallmark of Global Hunger Index 2022’: India slams rating as attempt to taint country’s image

Firstpost  

The Global Hunger Report 2022 which was released by the Concern Worldwide and Welt Hunger Hilfe, non-government organisations from Ireland and Germany respectively, has ranked India at 107 among 121 countries New Delhi: India on Saturday slammed the recently published Global Hunger Index 2022 calling it an erroneous measure of hunger and stressing that the index suffers from serious methodological …

India ranks 107 on Global Hunger Index 2022, records highest child wasting rate
2 years, 2 months ago

India ranks 107 on Global Hunger Index 2022, records highest child wasting rate

The Hindu  

Published : Oct 15, 2022 15:32 IST India ranked 107 out of 121 countries in the Global Hunger Index 2022 with its child wasting rate at 19.3 per cent, being the highest in the world. “India’s child wasting rate, at 19.3 per cent, is the highest of any country in the world and drives up the region’s average owing to …

Global Hunger Index: India ranks 107 of 121 nations, behind Pakistan, Nepal
2 years, 2 months ago

Global Hunger Index: India ranks 107 of 121 nations, behind Pakistan, Nepal

Deccan Chronicle  

New Delhi: India ranked 107 out of 121 countries in the Global Hunger Index 2022 with its child wasting rate at 19.3 per cent, being the highest in the world. "India's child wasting rate, at 19.3 per cent, is the highest of any country in the world and drives up the region's average owing to India's large population," it said. …

India at 107th slot in Global Hunger Index 2022, slips 6 positions as compared to 2021
2 years, 2 months ago

India at 107th slot in Global Hunger Index 2022, slips 6 positions as compared to 2021

India TV News  

Global Hunger Index: India has slipped to the 107th position in the Global Hunger Index 2022 as compared to 101st position in 2021 lagging behind its neighbours Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Nepal. With a score of 29.1, the publishers of Global Hunger Index, European NGOs Concern Worldwide and Welthungerhilfe, have tagged the level of hunger as serious. Seventeen countries, including China, …

Global Hunger Index 2022: India slips six places, ranked 107 of 121 countries
2 years, 2 months ago

Global Hunger Index 2022: India slips six places, ranked 107 of 121 countries

Hindustan Times  

India slipped six places on Global Hunger Index 2022 to take 107th position out of 121 countries ranked. With a score of 29.1, the publishers of Global Hunger Index – European NGOs Concern Worldwide and Welthungerhilfe– have labelled the level of hunger as “serious.” India remains behind neighbours Pakistan, Bangladesh and Nepal, according to the Global Hunger Index 2022. Chidambaram’s …

India slips in Global Hunger Index, ranks 107 out of 121 nations
2 years, 2 months ago

India slips in Global Hunger Index, ranks 107 out of 121 nations

Al Jazeera  

Asia’s third-largest economy has registered impressive economic growth in recent decades but it fares poorly on UN human development indices. The GHI, jointly published by the German-based Welthungerhilfe and Dublin-based Concern Worldwide, which ranks countries by “severity”, gave India a score of 29.1 – a hunger level falling under the “serious” category. “South Asia … has the highest child stunting …

India ranks 107th out of 121 countries on Global Hunger Index
2 years, 2 months ago

India ranks 107th out of 121 countries on Global Hunger Index

The Hindu  

October 14, 2022 10:07 pm | Updated December 09, 2022 04:21 pm IST - NEW DELHI: India ranks 107 out of 121 countries on the Global Hunger Index in which it fares worse than all countries in South Asia barring war-torn Afghanistan. This is due to overlapping crises such as conflict, climate change, the economic fallout of the COVID-19 pandemic …

Starved of data: India’s hungry people go missing from FAO report
2 years, 4 months ago

Starved of data: India’s hungry people go missing from FAO report

The Hindu  

Published : Jul 24, 2022 18:00 IST The Food and Agriculture Organisation’s “State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2022” report begins with a dismal piece of data: the number of people unable to afford a healthy diet has increased by 112 million to touch 3.2 billion, a reflection of rising food prices during the pandemic. Even though …

India will play its due role in advancing global food security, says First Secretary Sneha Dubey at UN event
2 years, 5 months ago

India will play its due role in advancing global food security, says First Secretary Sneha Dubey at UN event

Firstpost  

Dubey said that New Delhi is running the world’s largest food-based safety net programme, which has seen a paradigm shift from welfare to a rights-based approach New York City, US: India will play its due role in advancing global food security, upholding equity, displaying compassion and promoting social justice, said First Secretary Sneha Dubey at the UN Security Council high-level …

Food production to dip, hunger to rise in India due to climate change, says report
2 years, 7 months ago

Food production to dip, hunger to rise in India due to climate change, says report

The Hindu  

India’s food production could drop 16% and the number of those at risk for hunger could increase 23% by 2030 due to climate change, says a report by the International Food Policy Research Institute on climate change and food systems. These projections are part of a model that was used to evaluate the impact of climate change on aggregate food …

India welcomes findings of UN chief's Global Crisis Response Group on food purchases
2 years, 8 months ago

India welcomes findings of UN chief's Global Crisis Response Group on food purchases

Firstpost  

The findings had said the war in Ukraine is setting in motion a three-dimensional crisis - on food, energy and finance - that is resulting in cascading effects on a world economy which is already reeling under COVID-19 and climate change Geneva: India has welcomed UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres’ Global Crisis Response Group’s recommendation for exempting purchases of food by …

India’s food response as ‘Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam’
2 years, 8 months ago

India’s food response as ‘Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam’

The Hindu  

Global hunger is on the rise, driven by the climate crisis, the COVID-19 pandemic shocks, conflicts, poverty, and inequality. In his 2014 UN General Assembly address, Prime Minister Narendra Modi said, “India’s traditional outlook sees the world as one family and that is linked to its Vedic tradition of Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam” — underlining its relevance not just for global peace, …

EXPLAINED: What Cooking Fuel, School Attendance Can Say About Deprivation As India Launches New Poverty Index
3 years ago

EXPLAINED: What Cooking Fuel, School Attendance Can Say About Deprivation As India Launches New Poverty Index

News 18  

India is globally acknowledged to have made big strides on pulling people out of poverty in recent decades. “The National MPI Project is aimed at deconstructing the Global MPI and creating a globally aligned and yet customised India MPI for drawing up comprehensive Reform Action Plans with the larger goal of improving India’s position in the Global MPI rankings,” says …

India slips in Global Hunger Index ranking
3 years, 1 month ago

India slips in Global Hunger Index ranking

The Hindu  

THE Narendra Modi government has rubbished a global report on hunger that describes India’s level of hunger as “serious” and rates the country, at 101, below its South Asian neighbours in the global rankings. A day after the GHI findings were published in the media, a statement from the Women and Child Development Ministry said that it was shocked to …

Comment | A reminder that India still trails in the hunger fight
3 years, 1 month ago

Comment | A reminder that India still trails in the hunger fight

The Hindu  

The Global Hunger Report has once again made headlines in India for the country’s poor ranking in terms of the Global Hunger Index. The indicators The Government of India, through a press release, refuted the GHI, claiming that it is ‘devoid of ground reality’ and based on ‘unscientific’ methodology. PoU, according to the FAO, ‘is an estimate of the proportion …

Data | Where does India stand on the global hunger index?
3 years, 2 months ago

Data | Where does India stand on the global hunger index?

The Hindu  

India was ranked 101 out of 116 countries in the recently released Global Hunger Index. The results of the National Family Health Survey-5 also showed that in the majority of the States for which data were released, stunting and wasting increased compared to the 2015-16 survey round. Click to remove AMP mode Nutrition assessment According to the GHI, the prevalence …

Patralekha Chatterjee | Why is India so prickly as it faces global gaze?
3 years, 2 months ago

Patralekha Chatterjee | Why is India so prickly as it faces global gaze?

Deccan Chronicle  

Is the world conspiring to make India look bad? The Narendra Modi government has trashed the latest Global Hunger Index in which India ranks 101 among 116 countries. India’s rank slipped to 101 from 94 and is now among the 31 countries where hunger has been identified as a “serious” problem. Recent official data from the first phase of the …

The Future of Nutrition in India
3 years, 2 months ago

The Future of Nutrition in India

Hindustan Times  

Nutrition is a critical, if not an essential part of the health and development of society and the country. The Anganwadi Services Scheme provides universal coverage to all children upto 6 years of age; pregnant women and lactating mothers and out of school adolescent girls for key services including provision of supplementary nutrition. POSHAN tracker is a digital tool used …

Discover Related