Mars missions are latest arena in the US-China rivalry
4 years, 5 months ago

Mars missions are latest arena in the US-China rivalry

CNN  

Hong Kong CNN Business — Two years after humans last landed a probe on Mars, both the United States and China are launching missions to the red planet this month and setting up a new arena for their growing rivalry. Video Ad Feedback China lands on the far side of the moon 01:08 - Source: CNN Space race In their paper, the Tianwen-1 scientists noted the chance for international collaboration to “advance our knowledge of Mars to an unprecedented level.” It’s not only their own probe and NASA’s that are arriving at the planet next year, but also the United Arab Emirates’ Hope Probe, which blasted off on Sunday. They’ve collaborated on the International Space Station, and congratulated each other on successful missions, such as China’s landing of a probe on the far side of the Moon, the first country to ever do so. Early in his term, US President Donald Trump authorized NASA to “lead an innovative space exploration program to send American astronauts back to the moon, and eventually Mars.” Trump also created Space Force, a new branch of the armed services. Nor is Washington about to let China overtake it.Last year, when CNN quoted Joan Johnson-Freese, a professor at the US Naval War College, saying the “odds of the next voice transmission from the moon being in Mandarin are high,” Trump-appointed NASA administrator Jim Bridenstine retorted, “Hmmm, our astronauts speak English.”

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History of this topic

China plans to retrieve Martian samples around 2031: laboratory
1 month, 1 week ago

China plans to retrieve Martian samples around 2031: laboratory

China Daily  

Photo released on June 11, 2021 by the China National Space Administration shows a selfie of China's first Mars rover Zhurong with the landing platform. BEIJING -- China is poised to collect Martian samples and return them to Earth around 2031, with its foremost scientific goal being the search for life signatures on the red planet, according to the Deep …

China seeks partners for Martian soil retrieval
4 months ago

China seeks partners for Martian soil retrieval

China Daily  

Photo released on June 11, 2021 by the China National Space Administration shows a selfie of China's first Mars rover Zhurong with the landing platform. Liu Jizhong, a leading scientist in China's deep-space exploration programs and chief planner of the Martian soil-return project, said on Thursday in Tunxi, Anhui province, that the nation plans to collect Martian samples and then …

China plans to return Martian soil to Earth by 2028, invites global scientists to collaborate
4 months ago

China plans to return Martian soil to Earth by 2028, invites global scientists to collaborate

China Daily  

China is aiming to bring Martian soil back to Earth by 2028, with a historic mission encouraging foreign scientists to take part in the ambitious project. Liu Jizhong, chief planner of China’s Martian soil-return mission and a leading scientist in the country’s deep-space exploration programs, said on Thursday that the mission, Tianwen 3, will be the third in China’s interplanetary …

Chinese scientists identify super moss able to ‘survive’ in Mars
6 months ago

Chinese scientists identify super moss able to ‘survive’ in Mars

The Hindu  

Scientists have identified a super resilient desert moss species in China's western region of Xinjiang that could help sustain possible colonies on Mars, a study by the Chinese Academy of Sciences showed. When subjected to conditions that simulate the environment on Mars, the moss - Syntrichia Caninervis - was found to be able to withstand extreme dryness, ultra-low temperatures and …

China makes series of plans for massive space programs
6 months, 2 weeks ago

China makes series of plans for massive space programs

China Daily  

This image taken from video animation at Beijing Aerospace Control Center on June 2, 2024 shows the lander-ascender combination of Chang'e 6 probe before landing on the far side of the moon. China plans to carry out a series of massive space programs in the near future, according to Bian Zhigang, deputy director of the China National Space Administration. The …

Lunar missions exciting time for space
8 months, 1 week ago

Lunar missions exciting time for space

China Daily  

MA XUEJING/CHINA DAILY The success after success of China's space program, with all its diverse elements for scientific exploration and technological development in what remains a risky business, is as impressive as it is exciting. More important, China's Chang'e series of lunar missions have proved amazingly successful, with the Chang'e 3 lander making the first landing on the moon way …

Researcher credits innovation, enterprise with China's success in space
1 year, 10 months ago

Researcher credits innovation, enterprise with China's success in space

China Daily  

Sun Zezhou, a senior researcher at the China Academy of Space Technology in Beijing and head designer of several deep-space probes The spirit of innovation and enterprise is the secret behind China's rapid rise in the field of lunar and Mars exploration, according to a key figure in the country's space industry. Sun Zezhou, a senior researcher at the China …

China’s Mars rover hasn’t moved in months
1 year, 10 months ago

China’s Mars rover hasn’t moved in months

The Independent  

Sign up to our free weekly IndyTech newsletter delivered straight to your inbox Sign up to our free IndyTech newsletter Sign up to our free IndyTech newsletter SIGN UP I would like to be emailed about offers, events and updates from The Independent. A time series taken by the US space agency’s Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter between September 2022 and February …

China’s Mars mission failure: NASA Images show China's Mars Rover hasn’t moved an inch in months
1 year, 10 months ago

China’s Mars mission failure: NASA Images show China's Mars Rover hasn’t moved an inch in months

Firstpost  

The fate of China’s Zhurong Mars rover has been called into question. The rover hasn’t moved since at least early September 2022, according to a series of photographs acquired by NASA’s Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. China’s Zhurong Mars rover may have broken down On Tuesday, the HiRise team at the University of Arizona delivered three different perspectives on Zhurong. Also read: …

Tianwen-1: China’s Mars probe has photographed the entire red planet
2 years, 6 months ago

Tianwen-1: China’s Mars probe has photographed the entire red planet

CNN  

CNN — After more than a year on the surface of Mars, China’s Tianwen-1 probe has taken images covering the entire red planet, the country’s space agency announced Wednesday. In a statement, China’s National Space Agency said the probe has now completed all its assigned tasks, including taking medium-resolution images covering the entire planet. China's National Space Administration The images, …

No European Mars mission this year, due to war in Ukraine
2 years, 9 months ago

No European Mars mission this year, due to war in Ukraine

The Independent  

For free real time breaking news alerts sent straight to your inbox sign up to our breaking news emails Sign up to our free breaking news emails Sign up to our free breaking news emails SIGN UP I would like to be emailed about offers, events and updates from The Independent. And if cooperation on the mission with Roscosmos, Russia’s …

China begins surveying Mars from above, Tianwen-1 to map topographic model
3 years, 1 month ago

China begins surveying Mars from above, Tianwen-1 to map topographic model

India Today  

China, which this year became the only country to orbit, land and move around a rover on another planet in a maiden attempt, has begun surveying Mars. According to China's CCTV News, the spacecraft will keep providing more relay communication support for the Mars rover to improve the efficiency of mission development while ensuring that scientific exploration is carried out. …

China's Zhurong rover completes initial mission, will continue to explore Mars
3 years, 4 months ago

China's Zhurong rover completes initial mission, will continue to explore Mars

Firstpost  

It said it would continue to explore the area known as Utopia Planitia where it landed on 14 May. China’s Zhurong Mars rover is soldiering on after completing its initial program to explore the red planet and search for frozen water that could provide clues as to whether it once supported life. China’s National Space Administration said on its website …

100天1000米！祝融号创造新纪录 央行将发行纪念币
3 years, 4 months ago

100天1000米！祝融号创造新纪录 央行将发行纪念币

China Daily  

8月23日，我国首次火星探测任务“天问一号”探测器成功发射满13个月，探测器成功着陆火星满100天。 China's Mars rover Zhurong had traveled more than 1,000 meters on the surface of the red planet as of Monday, the Lunar Exploration and Space Program Center of the China National Space Administration said. 国家航天局表示，8月23日，“祝融号”火星车在火星表面行驶里程已突破1000米，已完成全部预定任务，且超出其3个月的设计寿命。 【知识点】 “祝融号”火星车重240公斤，设计寿命3个月，任务是研究火星形貌与地质构造特征（survey Mars' landforms, geological structures）、火星表面土壤特征与水冰分布（soil characteristics, potential locations of water and ice）、火星大气电离层及表面气候与环境特征（atmospheric and environmental characteristics）、火星物理场与内部结构（magnetic and gravitational fields and other physical properties）等。 China's …

China’s Zhurong Mars rover sends back new images and video
3 years, 6 months ago

China’s Zhurong Mars rover sends back new images and video

CNN  

CNN — China’s National Space Administration has released new images of Mars from its landmark Tianwen-1 probe. China National Space Administration That achievement made China only the second nation after the US to land and operate a rover on Mars. “ reporting safety from Mars to the Party and the motherland, sending distant blessings at the time of the centennial.” …

TIMELINE OF CHINESE SPACE MILESTONES
3 years, 6 months ago

TIMELINE OF CHINESE SPACE MILESTONES

Daily Mail  

The Shenzhou-12 spacecraft is launched from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center on June 17, 2021 in Jiuquan, Gansu Province of China, carried on the Long March-2F rocket, to Chinese Tiangong space station July 19, 1964: China took its first official step into space, launching and recovering an experimental biological rocket carrying white mice. Sept. 25, 2008: China's third manned spacecraft, …

Mars: China releases new images taken by Zhurong rover
3 years, 6 months ago

Mars: China releases new images taken by Zhurong rover

CNN  

CNN — China unveiled new photos of its Mars rover exploring the surface of the red planet on Friday, with state media hailing it as a sign of the mission’s “complete success.” The Zhurong rover, named after a god of fire in Chinese mythology, landed on the Utopia Planitia region of Mars on May 15. This is China’s first Mars …

Beijing unveils images of Mars clicked by Zhurong rover, marks 'complete success' for maiden Chinese rover
3 years, 6 months ago

Beijing unveils images of Mars clicked by Zhurong rover, marks 'complete success' for maiden Chinese rover

India Today  

As China prepares to launch its first astronaut crew to its under-construction space station, the Chinese National Space Agency on Friday released the first batch of images clicked by its Zhurong Mars rover after a touchdown on the Red Planet. The panoramic image is a 360-degree circular picture taken by the navigation terrain camera on the mast of the rover …

China's Zhurong rover begins its 90-day exploration of Utopia Planitia on Mars
3 years, 7 months ago

China's Zhurong rover begins its 90-day exploration of Utopia Planitia on Mars

Firstpost  

China has come a long way in its race to catch up with the US and Russia, who have decades of experience in space exploration. China’s Mars rover drove from its landing platform and began exploring the surface on Saturday, state-run Xinhua news agency said, making the country only the second nation to land and operate a rover on the …

China's Mars Rover Zhurong Beams Back Photos, Video From Red Planet
3 years, 7 months ago

China's Mars Rover Zhurong Beams Back Photos, Video From Red Planet

News 18  

China National Space Administration’s first Mars rover, Zhurong made its successful landing on the red planet last week. The Tianwen-1 mission’s lander carrying the rover touched down in the southern part of Utopia Planitia on the northern hemisphere of Mars, on May 15. On Wednesday, the rover shared the first pictures it took of Mars.The picture shared by CNSA on …

China’s Zhurong rover sends its first image and video of the Martian surface
3 years, 7 months ago

China’s Zhurong rover sends its first image and video of the Martian surface

Firstpost  

The Tianwen-1 probe sent a video showing the lander and the rover separating from the orbiter during landing. China’s rover Zhurong has captured and sent us its first image of Mars and they have been released by the China National Space Administration. The rover landed on Mars on Sunday, 16 May and the image shows the red Martian surface and …

Chinese Mars rover beams back first photos
3 years, 7 months ago

Chinese Mars rover beams back first photos

Hindustan Times  

Solar panels against an alien landscape, ramps and rods pointing at the Martian horizon -- China's first probe on the Red Planet has beamed back its first "selfies" after its history-making landing last week. In this black and white photo taken by China's Zhurong Mars rover and made available by the China National Space Administration on Wednesday, extension arms and …

Ice, Mud Volcanoes: Scientists Are Excited About What China's Mars Rover May Find on Red Planet
3 years, 7 months ago

Ice, Mud Volcanoes: Scientists Are Excited About What China's Mars Rover May Find on Red Planet

News 18  

China’s Mars rover Zhurong landed on the red planet’s surface on May 14as a part of the nation’s first interplanetary space mission Tianwen-1. The features of the rover’s landing location indicate a possibility of the presence of subsurface ice, which is making scientists hopeful that the rover could find the samples of ice below its landing surface. According to the …

China releases first images taken by its Mars rover
3 years, 7 months ago

China releases first images taken by its Mars rover

CNN  

CNN — China has released the first images taken by its Mars rover, Zhurong. The color image taken by a navigation camera of the rear of the solar-powered rover showed that its solar panel and antenna have unfolded normally, the China National Space Administration said Wednesday. Tianwen-1, or “Quest for Heavenly Truth” as China’s mission is called, is one of …

China's Mars rover Zhurong sends back 'selfies' from Red Planet
3 years, 7 months ago

China's Mars rover Zhurong sends back 'selfies' from Red Planet

India Today  

Solar panels against an alien landscape, ramps and rods pointing at the Martian horizon -- China's first probe on the Red Planet has beamed back its first "selfies" after its history-making landing last week. The Zhurong rover was carried into the Martian atmosphere in a lander on Saturday, in the first ever successful probe landing by any country on its …

China should share its data on Mars in celebration of its feat
3 years, 7 months ago

China should share its data on Mars in celebration of its feat

Live Mint  

China has made it to Mars. The United Arab Emirates’ Hope craft, aiming at the study of weather and climate systems, arrived in Mars orbit in early February, joining others already studying the planet. April’s launch of the module for China’s future space station had the world fretting after the rocket made an uncontrolled re-entry, eventually splashing into the Indian …

To Mars and beyond: China’s space missions
3 years, 7 months ago

To Mars and beyond: China’s space missions

The Hindu  

China's probe to Mars touched down on the Red Planet on Saturday to deploy its Zhurong rover – a history-making feat for a nation on its first-ever Martian mission. China’s space missions • China has come a long way in its race to catch up with the United States and Russia, whose astronauts and cosmonauts have decades of experience in …

Perseverance, Hope and a fire god: a history of Mars rovers
3 years, 7 months ago

Perseverance, Hope and a fire god: a history of Mars rovers

Live Mint  

China's probe to Mars touched down on the Red Planet Saturday to deploy its Zhurong rover, during a busy time for Martian exploration. China's Tianwen-1 probe successfully launched last July and entered Mars' orbit in February -- a major milestone for Beijing's ambitious space programme. In this file photo, technicians at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory lower the Mars Oxygen In-Situ …

Chinese spacecraft lands on Mars
3 years, 7 months ago

Chinese spacecraft lands on Mars

Hindustan Times  

An unmanned Chinese spacecraft landed on Mars on Saturday, making China only the second country after the US to successfully land on the red planet. China’s Tianwen-1 spacecraft, currently in orbit around Mars, dropped its lander and rover - named Zhurong after a Chinese mythological god of fire - on the surface of the planet early on Saturday, completing a …

Tianwen-1: How China's Mars lander Zhurong will attempt to touch down on the red planet
3 years, 8 months ago

Tianwen-1: How China's Mars lander Zhurong will attempt to touch down on the red planet

Firstpost  

Tianwen-1 will use a laser range finder to work out where it is relative to Martian terrain and microwave sensor to determine its speed more accurately. A successful Mars landing requires entering the atmosphere at very high speeds, then slowing the spacecraft down just the right way as it approaches its landing location. Mars Pathfinder spacecraft used parachutes to decelerate …

China's first Mars rover named 'Zhurong'
3 years, 8 months ago

China's first Mars rover named 'Zhurong'

The Hindu  

China’s first Mars rover will be named Zhurong after a traditional fire god, the government announced Saturday. China in 2019 became the first country to land a space probe on the little-explored far side of the moon and in December returned lunar rocks to Earth for the first time since the 1970s. The rover’s title fits with the Chinese name …

NASA exchanges data of its Mars mission with India, China, UAE & European Space Agency
3 years, 9 months ago

NASA exchanges data of its Mars mission with India, China, UAE & European Space Agency

The Hindu  

The U.S. space agency NASA has exchanged data of its current Mars mission with its counterparts in China, India, the UAE and the European Space Agency to lower the risk of a collision as their spacecraft were also currently hovering the red planet, a media report said on March 31. “To assure the safety of our respective missions, NASA is …

NASA exchanges data of its Mars mission with India, China, UAE & European Space Agency
3 years, 9 months ago

NASA exchanges data of its Mars mission with India, China, UAE & European Space Agency

India TV News  

The US space agency NASA has exchanged data of its current Mars mission with its counterparts in China, India, the UAE and the European Space Agency to lower the risk of a collision as their spacecraft were also currently hovering the red planet, a media report said on Wednesday. “To assure the safety of our respective missions, NASA is coordinating …

China's Tianwen-1 probe captures stunning images of Mars | See Pictures
3 years, 10 months ago

China's Tianwen-1 probe captures stunning images of Mars | See Pictures

India Today  

China's national space agency Sunday released stunning high-resolution images of Mars captured by its Tianwen-1 probe, which is currently orbiting the Red planet. Black-and-white picture of Mars taken by China's Tianwen-1 probe "Craters, mountain ridges and sand dunes on the red planet are clear on the pictures," added the CNSA. Black-and-white picture of Mars taken by China's Tianwen-1 probe "The …

China's Mars Probe Tianwen-1 Captures High-Resolution Photos of Red Planet
3 years, 10 months ago

China's Mars Probe Tianwen-1 Captures High-Resolution Photos of Red Planet

News 18  

tianwen-1 Probe news18It’s not just Peserverence or ESA’s ExoMars orbiter, China’s Tianwen-1 Probe is also beaming back images of the red planet. China’s national space agency on Thursday published high-resolution images of Mars captured by the country’s Tianwen-1 probe, which is currently orbiting the Red planet. The panchromatic images were taken by the high-resolution camera of China’s spacecraft, Tianwen-1 meaning …

China’s Tianwen-1 enters parking orbit before landing rover on Mars
3 years, 10 months ago

China’s Tianwen-1 enters parking orbit before landing rover on Mars

Live Mint  

Beijing: China says its Tianwen-1 spacecraft has entered a temporary parking orbit around Mars in anticipation of landing a rover on the red planet in the coming months. The China National Space Administration said the spacecraft executed a maneuver to adjust its orbit early Wednesday morning Beijing time and will remain in the new orbit for about the next three …

China’s Mars craft enters parking orbit before landing rover
3 years, 10 months ago

China’s Mars craft enters parking orbit before landing rover

India TV News  

China says its Tianwen-1 spacecraft has entered a temporary parking orbit around Mars in anticipation of landing a rover on the red planet in the coming months. The China National Space Administration said the spacecraft executed a maneuver to adjust its orbit early Wednesday morning Beijing time and will remain in the new orbit for about the next three months …

China's Tianwen-1 is currently parked in temporary orbit, waiting to land on Mars
3 years, 10 months ago

China's Tianwen-1 is currently parked in temporary orbit, waiting to land on Mars

Firstpost  

A successful bid to land Tianwen-1 would make China only the second country after the US to place a spacecraft on Mars. China says its Tianwen-1 spacecraft has entered a temporary parking orbit around Mars in anticipation of landing a rover on the red planet in the coming months. The China National Space Administration said the spacecraft executed a manoeuvre …

China's Mars probe sends back video of Red Planet
3 years, 10 months ago

China's Mars probe sends back video of Red Planet

Hindustan Times  

China's space agency released video footage from its spacecraft circling Mars on Friday, two days after it successfully entered the planet's orbit in Beijing's latest ambitious space mission. A view of the planet Mars is captured by China's Tianwen-1 Mars probe from a distance of 2.2 million kilometres. White craters are visible on the planet's surface, which fades from white …

Uncrewed Chinese Spacecraft Tianwen-1 Successfully Enters Mars Orbit
3 years, 10 months ago

Uncrewed Chinese Spacecraft Tianwen-1 Successfully Enters Mars Orbit

News 18  

An uncrewed Chinese spacecraft on Wednesday successfully entered orbit around Mars after a 6-1/2-month journey from Earth, China’s space agency said, in the country’s first independent mission to the red planet. The robotic probe carried out a 15-minute burn of its thrusters at 7:52pm Beijing time, the China National Space Administration said in a statement, slowing the spacecraft to a …

Tianwen 1 is 1st Chinese spacecraft to reach Mars
3 years, 10 months ago

Tianwen 1 is 1st Chinese spacecraft to reach Mars

China Daily  

Illustration of Tianwen 1 probe entering Martian obit. China's Tianwen 1 robotic probe entered a Martian orbit on Wednesday night after a lengthy interplanetary voyage, becoming the first Chinese spacecraft to reach the red planet. Then the probe moved into an elliptical orbit with a perigee of about 400 kilometers and a circling period of 10 days, then started flying …

Chinese spacecraft Tianwen-1 enters Mars' orbit, joining UAE's Hope probe
3 years, 11 months ago

Chinese spacecraft Tianwen-1 enters Mars' orbit, joining UAE's Hope probe

Hindustan Times  

A Chinese spacecraft went into orbit around Mars on Wednesday on an expedition to land a rover on the surface and scout for signs of ancient life, authorities announced in a landmark step in the country's most ambitious deep-space mission yet. The arrival of Tianwen-1 after a journey of seven months and nearly 300 million miles is part of an …

China spacecraft enters Mars orbit, 2nd in 2 days after UAE
3 years, 11 months ago

China spacecraft enters Mars orbit, 2nd in 2 days after UAE

India Today  

China says its Tianwen-1 spacecraft has entered orbit around Mars on a mission to land a rover and collect data on underground water and possible signs of ancient life. The arrival of the orbiter-rover combo in orbit on Wednesday evening Beijing time makes it the second spacecraft in two days to reach the red planet. Only the U.S. has successfully …

Tianwen-1, China’s mission to Mars, has entered orbit
3 years, 11 months ago

Tianwen-1, China’s mission to Mars, has entered orbit

CNN  

CNN — After traveling through space for seven months, China’s Tianwen-1 probe has reached Mars and successfully entered the planet’s orbit on Wednesday – bringing it one step closer to landing on the surface. Tianwen-1, whose name means “quest for heavenly truth,” is made up of an orbiter, lander and a six-wheeled rover carrying scientific instruments, according to the China …

Chinese Probe Enters Mars Orbit With Plan For May Landing
3 years, 11 months ago

Chinese Probe Enters Mars Orbit With Plan For May Landing

NPR  

Chinese Probe Enters Mars Orbit With Plan For May Landing Enlarge this image toggle caption China National Space Administration/AP China National Space Administration/AP China's space agency, fresh off a successful sample-return mission to the moon, announced Wednesday that an ambitious rover mission it launched in July had reached orbit around Mars. "China's Tianwen 1 robotic probe entered Martian orbit on …

Next stop Mars: Three spacecraft are arriving on the red planet soon
3 years, 11 months ago

Next stop Mars: Three spacecraft are arriving on the red planet soon

Live Mint  

After hurtling hundreds of millions of miles through space since last summer, three robotic explorers are ready to hit the brakes at Mars. NASA’s rover, the cosmic caboose, will arrive on the scene a week later, on Feb. 18, to collect rocks for return to Earth — a key step in determining whether life ever existed at Mars. China’s first …

Space race: UAE, US and Chinese missions prepare to explore Mars
3 years, 11 months ago

Space race: UAE, US and Chinese missions prepare to explore Mars

Al Jazeera  

Deep-space ventures by the three countries will all arrive at Earth’s planetary neighbour this month to analyse its atmosphere and surface as well as look for signs of past life. “By carefully measuring the atmosphere, we can better model how long ago the atmosphere may have been suitable for liquid water on the surface, and therefore potentially suitable for life.” …

China's Space Probe Sent its First Image of Mars as it Prepares to Land on Red Planet This Year
3 years, 11 months ago

China's Space Probe Sent its First Image of Mars as it Prepares to Land on Red Planet This Year

News 18  

China’s Tianwen-1 probe has sent back its first image of Mars, the national space agency said, as the mission prepares to touch down on the Red Planet later this year. The black-and-white photo released late Friday by the China National Space Administration showed geological features including the Schiaparelli crater and the Valles Marineris, a vast stretch of canyons on the …

China's space probe sends back its first image of Mars
3 years, 11 months ago

China's space probe sends back its first image of Mars

The Hindu  

China's Tianwen-1 probe has sent back its first image of Mars, the national space agency said, as the mission prepares to touch down on the Red Planet later this year. The spacecraft, launched in July around the same time as a rival U.S. mission, is expected to enter Mars orbit around February 10. The black-and-white photo released late Friday by …

Mars mission: Tianwen-1 sends back its first picture
3 years, 11 months ago

Mars mission: Tianwen-1 sends back its first picture

CNN  

CNN — China’s Tianwen-1 probe has sent back its first picture of Mars, according to the Chinese space agency. JPL-Caltech/University of Arizona/NASA The European Space Agency's Mars Express mission captured this 2018 image of the Korolev crater, more than 50 miles across and filled with water ice, near the north pole. These 2001 images from NASA's Mars Global Surveyor orbiter …

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