Budget 2025 preview — Part 1: Fiscal deficit, FDI, disinvestment, energy issues
Live MintForeign direct investment inflows into India—investments by foreign entities in domestic businesses—hold the potential to transform the economy. Fiscal deficit: Tax buoyancy holds the key to managing deficits India introduced the Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management Act in 2003, targeting a fiscal deficit—the gap between government spending and revenue—of 3% of GDP. In 2022-23, the last year for which actual numbers are available, the Centre's fiscal deficit stood at 41% of its total expenditure, financed primarily through borrowings that add to the nation’s debt and interest obligations. Energy transition: The long road to reducing usage of fossil fuels Like all countries, India needs to transition from conventional sources of energy to renewable sources that are less polluting, like solar power. But in terms of the country’s total energy consumption—be it to run power plants or motor vehicles, among other things—fossil fuels still accounted for 90% of India’s energy sources in 2023.