Thawing Tundra Is Now a Carbon Source in Fast-Warming Arctic
3 months ago

Thawing Tundra Is Now a Carbon Source in Fast-Warming Arctic

Live Mint  

-- The 10 hottest years on record have all occurred within the past decade, with 2024 likely to be the warmest yet. “It’s not just that the Arctic is warming just like the rest of the world,” said Rich Thoman, a climate scientist at the University of Alaska Fairbanks. “Because of these changes in the frozen environment, we’re seeing this acceleration.” Thoman is co-editor of the 19th Arctic Report Card, a compilation of work from scientists around the world released Tuesday by the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. One of the most worrying findings in this year’s report is that the interaction between Arctic wildfires — which are becoming more frequent and severe — and thawing permafrost has for the first time erased the beneficial role of the Arctic tundra as a carbon sink, turning it into a net source of CO2. That doesn’t mean the region has stabilized under human-caused warming, the report stresses: “Projections of climate change for the next several decades are clear: change will continue.” More stories like this are available on bloomberg.com

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History of this topic

A third of the Arctic's landmass is now a source of carbon: study
1 month, 3 weeks ago

A third of the Arctic's landmass is now a source of carbon: study

Raw Story  

For thousands of years, the land areas of the Arctic have served as a "carbon sink," storing potential carbon emissions in the permafrost. The study, which was first reported on by The Guardian, was released the day after President Donald Trump issued multiple presidential actions influencing the United States' ability to confront the climate crisis, which is primarily caused by …

The Arctic is changing. And not for the better, scientists say
3 months ago

The Arctic is changing. And not for the better, scientists say

The Independent  

Sign up to the Independent Climate email for the latest advice on saving the planet Get our free Climate email Get our free Climate email SIGN UP I would like to be emailed about offers, events and updates from The Independent. “The Arctic is warming up to four times the global rate, and we need accurate, holistic, and comprehensive knowledge …

Sink to source: Arctic is now emitting more carbon than it absorbs
3 months ago

Sink to source: Arctic is now emitting more carbon than it absorbs

Raw Story  

After locking carbon dioxide in its frozen soil for millennia, the Arctic tundra is undergoing a dramatic transformation, driven by frequent wildfires that are turning it into a net source of carbon dioxide emissions, a U.S. agency said Tuesday. This stark shift is detailed in the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's 2024 Arctic Report Card, which revealed that annual surface …

Arctic ocean may absorb less CO2 than projected due to coastal erosion
7 months ago

Arctic ocean may absorb less CO2 than projected due to coastal erosion

LA Times  

As Earth warms, the Arctic Ocean’s ability to absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere is waning due to melting permafrost and worsening coastal erosion, according to new research. “For the first time, we can actually put a sign — maybe not a number but a sign — on the change in the Arctic Ocean’s ability to take up CO2 from …

Arctic fires could release catastrophic amounts of C02: Study
2 years, 4 months ago

Arctic fires could release catastrophic amounts of C02: Study

The Hindu  

Global warming is responsible for bigger and bigger fires in Siberia, and in the decades ahead they could release huge amounts of carbon now trapped in the soil, says a report out Thursday. "The system goes out of whack, and for a small increase beyond 10 degrees Celsius we suddenly see lots of fires," he said. An elevated amount of …

Op-Ed: My family sees climate change in the Arctic. Here’s how we’ve learned to take action
2 years, 9 months ago

Op-Ed: My family sees climate change in the Arctic. Here’s how we’ve learned to take action

LA Times  

Spring blossoms have started in most parts of the country, but in Alaska the ice is still melting. He jumps down onto the lake’s four feet of fluffy snow from a “drunken” spruce tree leaning sideways over the lake’s surface. When we talk about climate change, my sons ask: “Are you worried, Mom?” They’ve heard countless media interviewers ask me …

Thawing of Arctic permafrost may release cancer-causing gas, scientists warn
3 years, 1 month ago

Thawing of Arctic permafrost may release cancer-causing gas, scientists warn

The Independent  

Sign up to the Independent Climate email for the latest advice on saving the planet Get our free Climate email Get our free Climate email SIGN UP I would like to be emailed about offers, events and updates from The Independent. Read our privacy policy A gas that causes lung cancer could be released into Arctic communities by permafrost that …

Melting Arctic ice could release Cold War radioactive waste
3 years, 2 months ago

Melting Arctic ice could release Cold War radioactive waste

The Independent  

Sign up to the Independent Climate email for the latest advice on saving the planet Get our free Climate email Get our free Climate email SIGN UP I would like to be emailed about offers, events and updates from The Independent. Read our privacy policy The rapid thaw of Arctic permafrost could release radioactive waste from Cold War nuclear submarines, …

In the Arctic's, global warming is happening three times faster than in the rest of the world
3 years, 4 months ago

In the Arctic's, global warming is happening three times faster than in the rest of the world

Firstpost  

Permafrost – defined as soil that stays frozen year-round for at least two consecutive years – lies under about a quarter of the land in the Northern Hemisphere. Vicious circle In the 1970s, “when researchers first started showing up and investigating these habitats, these ponds didn’t exist”, says Larson, project coordinator for the Climate Impacts Research Centre at Umea University, …

Arctic ground ‘literally collapsing’ amid abrupt thaw
3 years, 4 months ago

Arctic ground ‘literally collapsing’ amid abrupt thaw

Al Jazeera  

Experts say global emissions need to be cut now to limit the release of powerful greenhouse gases from thawing permafrost. Permafrost’s polluting potential begins when the damper, warmer conditions of thawing ground jumpstart microbes to produce carbon dioxide or methane as they feast on decomposing organic matter in boggy, once-hard soil. ‘Abrupt thaw’ The increasing frequency and severity of Arctic …

Climate change: Arctic melt could release bacteria, undiscovered viruses, cold-war era radioactive waste
3 years, 4 months ago

Climate change: Arctic melt could release bacteria, undiscovered viruses, cold-war era radioactive waste

India Today  

With climate change unleashing extreme events across the world, a new study warns of possible viruses and antibiotic-resistant bacteria that could be released as the permafrost thaws around polar caps. The rapidly thawing permafrost could even lead to the release of radioactive waste from Cold War nuclear reactors and submarines. According to research published in the journal Nature Climate Change, …

Russia’s permafrost is thawing and revealing ancient secrets beneath
3 years, 7 months ago

Russia’s permafrost is thawing and revealing ancient secrets beneath

The Independent  

Sign up to the Independent Climate email for the latest advice on saving the planet Get our free Climate email Get our free Climate email SIGN UP I would like to be emailed about offers, events and updates from The Independent. Read our privacy policy Melting ice within permafrost in the Russian arctic is revealing ancient life that has been …

Arctic Warming Three Times Faster Than Earth Since 1971, Warns Report
3 years, 9 months ago

Arctic Warming Three Times Faster Than Earth Since 1971, Warns Report

News 18  

The Arctic has warmed three times more quickly than the planet as a whole, and faster than previously thought, a report warned on Thursday. Arctic sea ice looks set to be an early victims of rising temperatures, with each fraction of a degree making a big difference: the chance of it disappearing entirely in summer is 10 times greater if …

Emissions Due to Arctic Fires, Thawing Permafrost Pose Growing Threat to Climate, Finds Study
3 years, 9 months ago

Emissions Due to Arctic Fires, Thawing Permafrost Pose Growing Threat to Climate, Finds Study

News 18  

The warming Arctic tundra will make it harder for the world to curb climate change, as thawing permafrost and wildfires release greenhouse gases that are not fully accounted for in global emissions agreements, a study said on Monday. “The Arctic is in the process of disintegrating as we know it, and the permafrost is one major component with some pretty …

More Lightning in the Arctic Is Bad News for the Planet
3 years, 11 months ago

More Lightning in the Arctic Is Bad News for the Planet

Wired  

The other flammable material in the Arctic is above-ground vegetation. “Shrubs grow more when summers are warmer and when water isn’t limited, so we expect an expansion of shrubs with future warming in the tundra.” Looking at sediment records, Myers-Smith can actually see how in the past, warmer times in the north encouraged the growth of more shrubs and led …

Siberia's Massive Permafrost Craters May Be Result Accumulation of Methane Gas Due to Climate Change
4 years ago

Siberia's Massive Permafrost Craters May Be Result Accumulation of Methane Gas Due to Climate Change

News 18  

Scientists may have found the reason why massive craters are being formed in the Siberian Tundra. In recent research published in Geosciences Journal last week, scientists have observed that large accumulation of methane gas due to climate change in the permafrost may have led to the explosions in the Russian region that has led to the blowouts leaving massive craters. …

Arctic is Becoming Greener due to Rising Temperature and Warm Soil Boosting Plant Growth
4 years, 5 months ago

Arctic is Becoming Greener due to Rising Temperature and Warm Soil Boosting Plant Growth

News 18  

Parts of the Arctic region have become greener due to increased plant growth stimulated by warmer air and soil temperatures, says a study that used satellite images to track global tundra ecosystems over decades. “The Arctic tundra is one of the coldest biomes on Earth, and it’s also one of the most rapidly warming,” said lead researcher Logan Berner from …

Arctic Wildfires, Burning Since Mid-June, Released Record Amounts of CO2 This Year
4 years, 6 months ago

Arctic Wildfires, Burning Since Mid-June, Released Record Amounts of CO2 This Year

News 18  

This year’s Arctic Circle wildfires, still ablaze, have already surpassed the record set in 2019 for CO2 emissions, adding to the carbon pollution humanity needs to curtail, the European Union’s Earth observation programme said Thursday. “The Arctic fires burning since mid-June with high activity have already beaten 2019’s record in terms of scale and intensity,” said CAMS senior scientist Mark …

Summer 2020’s Arctic wildfires set new emission records
4 years, 6 months ago

Summer 2020’s Arctic wildfires set new emission records

CNN  

CNN — Wildfires raging in the Arctic Circle smashed last year’s records for carbon dioxide emissions, according to scientists at the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service. Using CAMS’ Global Fire Assimilation System data, scientists estimated that CO2 emissions from fires in the Arctic Circle have increased by more than a third, compared to 2019, with 244 megatonnes of carbon produced from …

We mapped the world’s carbon-storing frozen peatlands and made a disturbing discovery
4 years, 6 months ago

We mapped the world’s carbon-storing frozen peatlands and made a disturbing discovery

The Independent  

Sign up to our free weekly IndyTech newsletter delivered straight to your inbox Sign up to our free IndyTech newsletter Sign up to our free IndyTech newsletter SIGN UP I would like to be emailed about offers, events and updates from The Independent. Read our privacy policy Peatlands cover just a few per cent of the global land area but …

Climate crisis: Out-of-control wildfires in Arctic circle released more CO2 in two months than whole of 2019
4 years, 7 months ago

Climate crisis: Out-of-control wildfires in Arctic circle released more CO2 in two months than whole of 2019

The Independent  

Sign up to the Independent Climate email for the latest advice on saving the planet Get our free Climate email Get our free Climate email SIGN UP I would like to be emailed about offers, events and updates from The Independent. Read our privacy policy Out-of-control wildfires north of the Arctic Circle have released more dangerous greenhouse gases in two …

Phytoplankton populations in the Arctic have INCREASED 57% in the last two decades
4 years, 8 months ago

Phytoplankton populations in the Arctic have INCREASED 57% in the last two decades

Daily Mail  

Decades of receding sea ice in the Arctic have brought about an unexpected increase in the region's phytoplankton population. Phytoplankton are the base food source in the Arctic, feeding small fish and crustaceans, as well zooplankton, all of which in turn feed larger animals like sharks, baleen whales, and even coral. The increases were driven in part by melting sea …

Beavers are gnawing away at the Arctic permafrost, and that’s bad for the planet
4 years, 8 months ago

Beavers are gnawing away at the Arctic permafrost, and that’s bad for the planet

CNN  

CNN — The beaver may be an unlikely agent of climate change, but the cuddly-looking creatures are transforming the Arctic landscape in a way that could be exacerbating global warming, a new study has suggested. In the past few years, scientists have spotted beavers in the Alaskan tundra where they’ve previously never been seen before — and the animals have …

Climate Change Tracker: The risks of a melting Arctic permafrost
5 years ago

Climate Change Tracker: The risks of a melting Arctic permafrost

Live Mint  

According to the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the world set a new temperature record last July—it was the hottest month since record-keeping began in 1880. That month, the Arctic too recorded its highest summer temperature, with the Swedish village of Markusvinsa recording 34.8 degrees Celsius. With the Arctic permafrost thawing at an alarming rate, one big worry is …

Thawing permafrost turns Arctic from carbon sink into carbon emitter, study finds
5 years, 4 months ago

Thawing permafrost turns Arctic from carbon sink into carbon emitter, study finds

The Independent  

Sign up to the Independent Climate email for the latest advice on saving the planet Get our free Climate email Get our free Climate email SIGN UP I would like to be emailed about offers, events and updates from The Independent. “We’ve known for a while that thawed soils release carbon dioxide during the summer, but we really didn’t realise …

Melting permafrost in Siberia is creating climate change refugees
5 years, 4 months ago

Melting permafrost in Siberia is creating climate change refugees

The Independent  

For free real time breaking news alerts sent straight to your inbox sign up to our breaking news emails Sign up to our free breaking news emails Sign up to our free breaking news emails SIGN UP I would like to be emailed about offers, events and updates from The Independent. “Every year, things are getting worse and worse.” For …

Arctic Circle burns as heatwaves plague Europe and the US
5 years, 7 months ago

Arctic Circle burns as heatwaves plague Europe and the US

ABC  

Scientists have released alarming new satellite images showing enormous wildfires spreading across the Arctic Circle, with potentially dire consequences for the environment. Key points: Snow forests are burning at a rate not seen in at least 10,000 years More than 100 wildfires have been recorded across the Arctic Circle In June, the fires emitted more CO2 than some European countries …

‘Unprecedented’ wildfires ravage the Arctic
5 years, 7 months ago

‘Unprecedented’ wildfires ravage the Arctic

CNN  

Story highlights The wildfires come as the planet is on track to experience the hottest July on record Wildfires contribute to global warming by releasing carbon dioxide into the atmosphere CNN — More than 100 intense wildfires have ravaged the Arctic since June, with scientists describing the blazes as “unprecedented.” New satellite images show huge clouds of smoke billowing across …

Canadian permafrost is thawing 70 years earlier than predicted, a sign of climate crisis
5 years, 8 months ago

Canadian permafrost is thawing 70 years earlier than predicted, a sign of climate crisis

Firstpost  

Experts suggest that thawing permafrost, a tipping point for climate breakdown, is a clear sign to decarbonize our economies. Permafrost at outposts in the Canadian Arctic is thawing 70 years earlier than predicted, an expedition has discovered, in the latest sign that the global climate crisis is accelerating even faster than scientists had feared. “It’s an indication that the climate …

Climate change: Arctic permafrost now melting at levels not expected until 2090
5 years, 9 months ago

Climate change: Arctic permafrost now melting at levels not expected until 2090

The Independent  

Sign up to the Independent Climate email for the latest advice on saving the planet Get our free Climate email Get our free Climate email SIGN UP I would like to be emailed about offers, events and updates from The Independent. Read our privacy policy Permafrost hs begun thawing in the Canadian Arctic more than 70 years early because of …

The poisons released by melting Arctic ice
5 years, 9 months ago

The poisons released by melting Arctic ice

BBC  

The poisons released by melting Arctic ice Alamy The melting permafrost is creating huge sinkholes Pollution, anthrax - even nuclear waste - could be released by global warming In 2012, Sue Natali arrived in Duvanny Yar, Siberia, for the first time. Alamy Melting ice can release methane, which will exacerbate global warming “We are seeing a big increase in the …

Climate warming has lead to widespread thawing in
5 years, 9 months ago

Climate warming has lead to widespread thawing in

CNN  

CNN — Arctic sinkholes are appearing across the Canadian High Arctic as permafrost – ice expected to be frozen year-round – thaws and collapses due to climate change, according to research published Monday. Between 2003 and 2016, the scientists found there had been between 150% and 240% more thawing of permafrost on average in the Canadian High Arctic, compared with …

Melting permafrost is harming equipment that measures it
5 years, 10 months ago

Melting permafrost is harming equipment that measures it

CNN  

CNN — In the Arctic, a changing climate isn’t something that might happen in the near future. And a new study says permafrost is melting so fast in the Arctic that it’s not only ripping up the landscape, but it’s also wrecking scientific equipment and making climate change even worse for all of us. But this new study published last …

Emissions from thawing Arctic permafrost may be 12 times higher than thought, scientists say
5 years, 10 months ago

Emissions from thawing Arctic permafrost may be 12 times higher than thought, scientists say

The Independent  

Sign up to the Independent Climate email for the latest advice on saving the planet Get our free Climate email Get our free Climate email SIGN UP I would like to be emailed about offers, events and updates from The Independent. Read our privacy policy Emissions from thawing Arctic permafrost may be 12 times higher than previously thought, scientists have …

Arctic permafrost thaw could put 70 percent of infrastructure, oil reserves at risk
6 years, 3 months ago

Arctic permafrost thaw could put 70 percent of infrastructure, oil reserves at risk

Firstpost  

With both air and ocean temperatures on the rise, thawing Arctic ice is a major concern for researchers. 70 percent of infrastructure in the Arctic region is at risk, including important oil and gas reserves underneath, a new study reports. Researchers used detailed information on infrastructure in the Northern Hemisphere’s permafrost zone to map just how many such structures could …

Melting permafrost emissions pose serious threat to climate rescue plans: Study
6 years, 5 months ago

Melting permafrost emissions pose serious threat to climate rescue plans: Study

Firstpost  

Some studies claim we have already overshot the 1.5 degree Celsius target due to thawing permafrost. Global targets aimed at warding off runaway planetary warming could be breached sooner than expected, experts warned Monday, 17 September as gases released by melting permafrost threaten to undermine human efforts to avert climate disaster. Under the current rescue plan, outlined in the 2015 …

Carbon boost from thawing of Arctic permafrost likely in coming decades: Study
6 years, 6 months ago

Carbon boost from thawing of Arctic permafrost likely in coming decades: Study

Firstpost  

Unlike gradual, an abrupt thaw process increases the release of stored carbon by 125 to 190 percent Arctic permafrost’s expected gradual thawing due to climate change and the associated influx of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere may actually happen within a few decades, much earlier than previously thought, warns a new NASA-funded study. This release of greenhouse gases to the …

What is permafrost? All about the killer from icy depths
6 years, 6 months ago

What is permafrost? All about the killer from icy depths

India Today  

According to a study published in the journal Nature Communications, permafrost in the coldest northern Arctic which was formerly thought to be temporarily shielded from global warming by its extreme environment cold thaw enough to become a permanent source of carbon to the atmosphere in a few decades. Those pools accelerate permafrost thaw beneath the expanding lakes, providing food for …

Alaska’s Permafrost Is Thawing
7 years, 6 months ago

Alaska’s Permafrost Is Thawing

New York Times  

YUKON DELTA NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE, Alaska — The Arctic is warming about twice as fast as other parts of the planet, and even here in sub-Arctic Alaska the rate of warming is high. In the field, Sarah Ludwig, a Woods Hole research assistant, and a student, Laura Jardine, extract a core of permafrost. But Dr. Romanovsky said that his and …

Thawing permafrost poses even greater global warming threat than previously thought, suggests study
7 years, 7 months ago

Thawing permafrost poses even greater global warming threat than previously thought, suggests study

The Independent  

Sign up to the Independent Climate email for the latest advice on saving the planet Get our free Climate email Get our free Climate email SIGN UP I would like to be emailed about offers, events and updates from The Independent. One of the most feared of these feedback loops is the vast amount of organic material currently trapped in …

Arctic Cities Crumble as Climate Change Thaws Permafrost
8 years, 4 months ago

Arctic Cities Crumble as Climate Change Thaws Permafrost

Wired  

This story originally appeared on the Guardian and is part of the Climate Desk collaboration. Cracking and collapsing structures are a growing problem in cities like Norilsk---a nickel-producing centre of 177,000 people located 180 miles above the Arctic Circle---as climate change thaws the perennially frozen soil and increases precipitation. Engineers and geologists are careful to note that “technogenic factors” like …

Siberia’s melting permafrost fuels climate change
9 years, 3 months ago

Siberia’s melting permafrost fuels climate change

Al Jazeera  

Thawing permafrost is releasing greenhouse gases, ruining buildings, and may even be creating massive sinkholes. Scientists say the craters may be emerging because the frozen ground, or “permafrost”, that covers much of Siberia has been thawing due to climate change, allowing methane gases trapped underground to build up and explode. Despite scientists’ concern that thawing permafrost could exacerbate global warming, …

Beneath Alaskan Wildfires, A Hidden Threat: Long-Frozen Carbon's Thaw
9 years, 7 months ago

Beneath Alaskan Wildfires, A Hidden Threat: Long-Frozen Carbon's Thaw

NPR  

Beneath Alaskan Wildfires, A Hidden Threat: Long-Frozen Carbon's Thaw Enlarge this image toggle caption Sgt. Hidden Masses Of Organic Matter "It's really a different kind of fire," says Teresa Hollingsworth, a research ecologist with the U.S. Forest Service. The Fish Creek Fire is mostly done burning the trees and brush above ground and has moved on to the organic matter …

Alaska's on Fire and It May Make Climate Change Even Worse
9 years, 8 months ago

Alaska's on Fire and It May Make Climate Change Even Worse

Wired  

Forest fires are getting worse, according to a 2013 study that looked at lake sediments to quantify fires in Alaska over the past 10,000 years. And more recently, a Climate Central report found that Alaska’s fire season has gotten 40 percent longer than half a century ago. But if that doesn’t happen and the permafrost becomes less of a carbon …

UN warns permafrost is melting
12 years, 3 months ago

UN warns permafrost is melting

ABC  

A United Nations report says the world's permafrost is beginning to thaw, bringing with it the threat of a big increase in global warming by 2100. UN report into permafrost thaw An accelerating melt would free vast amounts of carbon dioxide and methane which has been trapped in organic matter in the subsoil, often for thousands of years. The report …

Melting permafrost a new peril in global warming: UN
12 years, 3 months ago

Melting permafrost a new peril in global warming: UN

Firstpost  

Permafrost lands across Siberia and Alaska that contain vast stores of carbon are beginning to thaw, bringing with it the threat of a big increase in global warming by 2100, a UN report said. Doha: Permafrost lands across Siberia and Alaska that contain vast stores of carbon are beginning to thaw, bringing with it the threat of a big increase …

汉朝时期温室气体排放量大
12 years, 5 months ago

汉朝时期温室气体排放量大

China Daily  

发表在新一期《自然》杂志上的一篇研究报告指出，罗马帝国和中国汉朝鼎盛时期的200多年间，温室气体排放曾大量增长。该研究对联合国之前的研究观点提出质疑，联合国的观点认为，人为造成的气候变化是从1800年左右才开始的。格陵兰岛冰块储存的气体记录资料表明，大气中的甲烷含量在大约2000年前上升，并在较高水平上保持了约两个世纪。 该研究的主要执笔人表示，甲烷可能是在毁林造地和用木炭作燃料锻造金属武器等过程中释放的，按人均来讲，当时的温室气体排放量已经相当高了。不过这位主笔也指出，跟如今70亿人口的排放量相比，2000年前全球仅有的3亿人口造成的排放量自然就不显得那么高了。科学家们在报告中称，毁林现象在公元200年出现减少，这跟汉朝灭亡和罗马帝国衰退后中国和欧洲的人口锐减有关。研究人员预计，过去2000年间甲烷排放总量中，1800年前的排放量占10%，而工业革命以来的排放量占90%。人为因素产生甲烷的行为包括焚烧森林和矿物燃料、稻田、牲畜和废渣填埋场，而湿地、野火和泥火山等自然因素也会释放甲烷。 Members of the Gruppo Storico Romano dressed as centurions perform as they march past the ancient Colosseum in Rome, to mark the 2,764th anniversary of the founding of the city April 17, 2011. A 200-year period covering the heyday of both the Roman Empire and China's Han dynasty saw a big rise in greenhouse gases, according to a …

As arctic ice shrinks, so does a denier claim
13 years, 8 months ago

As arctic ice shrinks, so does a denier claim

Slate  

It’s been known for some time that the ice sheet in the arctic is thinning. 12) Loss of ice and snow in the Arctic enhances climate warming by increasing absorption of the sun’s energy at the surface of the planet. And speaking of deniers, a claim I’ve heard bandied about is that a single volcano eruption pours more carbon dioxide …

Leaking Siberian ice raises a tricky climate issue
14 years, 3 months ago

Leaking Siberian ice raises a tricky climate issue

The Hindu  

The Russian scientist shuffles across the frozen lake, scuffing aside ankle-deep snow until he finds a cluster of bubbles trapped under the ice. “Here, total carbon storage is like all the rain forests of our planet put together,” says the scientist, Sergey Zimov, “here” being the endless sweep of snow and ice stretching toward Siberia’s gray horizon, as seen from …

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