
What is Disease X and why the world should prepare for it
The HinduThe story so far The recent outbreak reported in the first week of December 2024 in the Democratic Republic of Congo, which has claimed over 400 lives and remains unclassified, has raised concerns that it could be an instance of Disease X. When SARS-CoV-2 emerged as an unknown pathogen causing a global pandemic, it exemplified the scenario that Disease X was meant to represent — an unpredictable, novel threat requiring rapid global response and adaptation. The concept of Disease X traces its origins in the aftermath of the West African Ebola epidemic of 2014–2016, which resulted in over 11,000 deaths and revealed significant gaps in global epidemic preparedness. The current list includes Ebola virus disease, Marburg virus disease, Lassa fever, Nipah virus, Rift Valley fever, Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever, Zika virus, and Disease X. Patterns in emerging diseases While the exact nature of Disease X remains unknown, epidemiological patterns provide critical insights into how new diseases emerge and spread.
History of this topic

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