2020 Oscar Nominations: The Complete List
4 years, 11 months ago

2020 Oscar Nominations: The Complete List

Huff Post  

All the “Joker” debating, “Marriage Story” meme-ing, “Little Women” snubbing and “The Irishman” line-counting have led to this: The 2020 Oscar nominations. “Little Women,” “Marriage Story,” “Jojo Rabbit,” “Ford v Ferrari” and “Parasite” will compete alongside those films for the coveted Best Picture award. After failing to score its first Best Picture prize at the Academy Awards in 2019 with Alfonso Cuaron’s “Roma,” Netflix is looking to secure a history-making win in 2020. Best Picture “Ford v Ferrari” “The Irishman” “Jojo Rabbit” “Joker” “Little Women” “Marriage Story” “1917” “Once Upon a Time in Hollywood” “Parasite” Best Actress Scarlett Johansson, “Marriage Story” Charlize Theron, “Bombshell” Cynthia Erivo, “Harriet” Renée Zellweger, “Judy” Saoirse Ronan, “Little Women” Best Actor Leonardo DiCaprio, “Once Upon a Time in Hollywood” Antonio Banderas, “Pain & Glory” Adam Driver, “Marriage Story” Joaquin Phoenix, “Joker” Jonathan Pryce, “The Two Popes”

Women Best Picture Best Actor Hollywood Joaquin Phoenix Oscar Joker Little Women Irishman Marriage Story  nominations  oscar  2020  best  actor  phoenix  complete  marriage  women  list  nominees  awards  host  picture  little

History of this topic

Road to the Oscars: Nomination snubs and surprises include Greta Gerwig, Leonardo DiCaprio
11 months, 2 weeks ago

Road to the Oscars: Nomination snubs and surprises include Greta Gerwig, Leonardo DiCaprio

Hindustan Times  

The Academy Award nominations were announced earlier today - leading the pack is Christopher Nolan’s Oppenheimer with 13 nominations, followed by Poor Things with 11 nominations, Killers of the Flower Moon with 10 nominations, and Barbie with a disappointing 8 nominations. Greta Gerwig was shut out of the Best Director category whereas Leonardo DiCaprio missed out on the Best Actor …

The biggest snubs and surprises of the 2024 Oscar nominations
11 months, 2 weeks ago

The biggest snubs and surprises of the 2024 Oscar nominations

LA Times  

Oscar nominations arrived Tuesday, an early morning wake-up call that was greeted, in some quarters, with all manner of jumping, mostly for joy, possibly some of the furious kind. Four years after being overlooked for her work behind the camera for “Little Women,” the academy’s directors branch again slighted Gerwig, this time for “Barbie.” You’d think making a movie that …

Who directed both Oscars best picture front-runners? Women
2 years, 9 months ago

Who directed both Oscars best picture front-runners? Women

LA Times  

“CODA” director Sian Heder saw her film win the PGA award over the weekend, moving what had been an Oscars underdog into front-runner status along with “The Power of the Dog.” “CODA’s” win at the Producers Guild of America Awards on Sunday shoved “The Power of the Dog” out of top spot in the best picture race and an already …

Oscars 2021 predictions: Who will take home top honours at 93rd Academy Awards?
3 years, 8 months ago

Oscars 2021 predictions: Who will take home top honours at 93rd Academy Awards?

Firstpost  

The New York Times expert has been closely tracking the various awards races all this season. BEST PICTURE The Father Judas and the Black Messiah Mank Minari ✓ Nomadland Promising Young Woman Sound of Metal The Trial of the Chicago 7 Nomadland has won nearly every major award this season, including top honours from the Producers Guild, the Directors Guild …

Oscars 2021: Fewer stars, no audience and no Zoom appearances amid Covid-19 restrictions
3 years, 8 months ago

Oscars 2021: Fewer stars, no audience and no Zoom appearances amid Covid-19 restrictions

Daily Mail  

An Oscars unlike any before will get underway Sunday night with a telecast retooled for the pandemic. Covid-19 precautions: The Oscars are adapting to the coronavirus pandemic by having only 170 attendees at LA's Union Station this year, while Zoom appearances are banned; Union Station seen being prepared for the ceremony on Friday In contrast with the largely virtual Golden …

Oscar Nominations 2021: The Complete List
3 years, 9 months ago

Oscar Nominations 2021: The Complete List

Huff Post  

LOADING ERROR LOADING Even at its best, awards season can feel like a long, albeit worthy, slog. The film, which chronicles the behind-the-scenes drama during the production of “Citizen Kane,” will compete in the Best Picture race against “The Father,” “Judas and the Black Messiah,” “Minari,” “Nomadland,” “Sound of Metal,” and “The Trial of the Chicago 7,” which all scored …

Oscars 2021 nominations not immune to double standards despite women filmmakers likely dominating major categories
3 years, 11 months ago

Oscars 2021 nominations not immune to double standards despite women filmmakers likely dominating major categories

Firstpost  

From Asian actors being absent from Best Performance categories at the Oscars, to the scanty budgets allotted to female filmmakers, there seems to be a hypocrisy at play Three years ago, Natalie Portman presented the best director category at the Golden Globes with a sting in her voice. None of the five women previously nominated for the best director Oscar …

Oscars 2021 on April 25 will be in-person event, no virtual ceremony: Report
4 years, 1 month ago

Oscars 2021 on April 25 will be in-person event, no virtual ceremony: Report

India Today  

The 93rd Academy Awards, or the Oscars 2021 will take place on April 25, 2021 and it will be an in-person event, a Variety.com report says. An awards publicist told Variety, “The Academy has done a walkthrough of the Dolby recently to see all the multiple options.” INDIA’S ENTRY TO OSCARS 2021 This year, director Lijo Jose Pellissery’s Jallikattu is …

Oscar snub of "Little Women" shows the limits of Hollywood feminism
4 years, 10 months ago

Oscar snub of "Little Women" shows the limits of Hollywood feminism

Salon  

The Oscars have long represented a way for the American film industry to celebrate and market its achievements. Nevertheless, it was surprising that the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences snubbed Greta Gerwig in the category of best director for her film "Little Women" considering the movie's critical acclaim and that Gerwig is already one of only five women …

Making Oscar history, ‘Parasite’ wins best picture
4 years, 11 months ago

Making Oscar history, ‘Parasite’ wins best picture

Associated Press  

LOS ANGELES — In a milestone win that instantly expanded the Oscars’ horizons, Bong Joon Ho’s masterfully devious class satire “Parasite” became the first non-English language film to win best picture in the 92-year history of the Academy Awards. “Parasite” took Hollywood’s top prize on Sunday night, along with awards for best director, best international film and best screenplay. In …

Oscars 2020: The Irishman to Netflix, biggest snubs at 92nd Academy Awards
4 years, 11 months ago

Oscars 2020: The Irishman to Netflix, biggest snubs at 92nd Academy Awards

India Today  

The 92nd Academy Awards were held in Los Angeles, US on February 9 this year and South Korean film Parasite won big by bagging four big awards - Best Picture, Best Director, Best International Feature Film and Best Original Screenplay. While Joe Pesci and Al Pacino lost the Best Actor in a Supporting Role trophy to Brad Pitt, The Irishman …

Oscars 2020: 'Parasite' Creates History, Becomes First Foreign Language Film To Win Best Picture
4 years, 11 months ago

Oscars 2020: 'Parasite' Creates History, Becomes First Foreign Language Film To Win Best Picture

ABP News  

Language is a core expression of identity. #Parasite pic.twitter.com/rqFdQwX4t4 — Eugene Lee Yang February 10, 2020 : South Korean drama 'Parasite' created history as it became the first foreign-language film to win the Best Picture award at Oscars. Earlier in the ceremony, the film won the Oscar for Best Original Screenplay, Best International Feature Film, and Best Director. 'Parasite' had …

Oscars 2020: South Korea’s ‘Parasite’ makes Oscar history with Best Picture
4 years, 11 months ago

Oscars 2020: South Korea’s ‘Parasite’ makes Oscar history with Best Picture

The Hindu  

Just days before the Oscars, South Korean filmmaker Bong Joon-ho had referred to the Oscars as “very local” awards. Or, perhaps, it was Mr. Bong’s other famous quote — “once you overcome the one-inch tall barrier of subtitles, you will be introduced to so many more amazing films” — that made the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences look …

Oscars 2020 winners: The complete list of who won Best Picture, Best Actor, and more at the 92nd Academy Awards.
4 years, 11 months ago

Oscars 2020 winners: The complete list of who won Best Picture, Best Actor, and more at the 92nd Academy Awards.

Slate  

The 92nd Academy Awards finished off a largely predictable ceremony on Sunday night with one major surprise: Parasite beating out 1917 for Best Picture. Parasite is not only the first South Korean movie ever to win any kind of Oscar, it’s also the first Best Picture winner in a language other than English. The bleakly comedic thriller, which follows a …

Oscars 2020: Complete List Of Academy Award Winners
4 years, 11 months ago

Oscars 2020: Complete List Of Academy Award Winners

Huff Post  

LOADING ERROR LOADING Bong Joon Ho’s twisty home invasion thriller “Parasite” took home the Best Picture trophy at the 2020 Oscars, making history in multiple categories as the first South Korean film to win major prizes at the award show. “I feel like a very opportune moment in history is happening right now,” producer Kwak Sin-ae said on stage at …

Oscars 2020 Highlights: Audience Demands to Let Crew of Best Picture Winner Parasite Finish Their Speeches
4 years, 11 months ago

Oscars 2020 Highlights: Audience Demands to Let Crew of Best Picture Winner Parasite Finish Their Speeches

News 18  

Parasite won Best Picture Oscar at the 92nd Academy Awards and the audience encouraged the cast and crew to speak their heart out on stage. Sitting on the front row of the awards show, actors like Tom Hanks and Charlize Theron urged the cast and crew of the South Korean film to extend their speech beyond the stipulated time in …

Oscars 2020: Awarding the best of those overlooked by the Academy, from Uncut Gems to Us, The Farewell
4 years, 11 months ago

Oscars 2020: Awarding the best of those overlooked by the Academy, from Uncut Gems to Us, The Farewell

Firstpost  

In this week’s edition of complaining about things, we diss — and discuss an alternative to — the Oscars: that 92-year-old grandpa struggling for relevance amongst a younger, more diverse generation of film lovers. Though the 92nd Academy Awards boasts an impressive group of nominees, and the Best Picture race is wide open, it doesn’t seem like all the “best” …

2020 Oscars winners: The complete list
4 years, 11 months ago

2020 Oscars winners: The complete list

LA Times  

The 2020 Academy Awards have wrapped at the Dolby Theatre in Los Angeles. WINNER: Bong Joon Ho, “Parasite” Martin Scorsese, “The Irishman” Todd Phillips, “Joker” Sam Mendes, “1917” Quentin Tarantino, “Once Upon a Time. in Hollywood” ACTRESS IN A SUPPORTING ROLE: WINNER: Laura Dern, “Marriage Story” Kathy Bates, “Richard Jewell” Scarlett Johansson, “Jojo Rabbit” Florence Pugh, “Little Women” Margot Robbie, …

Oscars 2020: Who will Take Oscar Home on February 10? Vote Here
4 years, 11 months ago

Oscars 2020: Who will Take Oscar Home on February 10? Vote Here

News 18  

The 92nd Academy Awards are here and there is a neck to neck competition this year. Ford V Ferrari The Irishman Jojo Rabbit Joker Little Women Marriage Story 1917 Once Upon A Time In Hollywood Parasite Who do you think will win an Oscar for Best Actor? Antonio Banderas – Pain and Glory Leonardo DiCaprio – Once Upon a Time …

Oscars 2020: Is the Best Picture category an endorsement for Hollywood or a genuine pick of the year's best films?
4 years, 11 months ago

Oscars 2020: Is the Best Picture category an endorsement for Hollywood or a genuine pick of the year's best films?

Firstpost  

When talking about the Oscars, something that often gets lost in the mix is who the Academy actually is. 1) 1917 A film likely to sweep the technical categories — it’s up for Best Director, Score, Cinematography, Hair & Makeup, Sound Editing, Sound Mixing, Visual Effects and Production Design — Sam Mendes’ war drama is among the showier films nominated …

Oscar 2020 predictions: Joaquin Phoenix is the sure-shot win, while ‘Parasite’ is the dark horse
4 years, 11 months ago

Oscar 2020 predictions: Joaquin Phoenix is the sure-shot win, while ‘Parasite’ is the dark horse

The Hindu  

The Oscars are predictable. For instance, it can be predicted with 99.8% certainty that, this year, Joaquin Phoenix is going to win Best Actor in a Leading Role for Joker. Whereas in the Best Picture category, the win probabilities are relatively more closer, with 1917 at 71%, Joker at 10% and Parasite only at 2%. For instance, between 1938 and …

Women vying for Oscars salute their progress, snubs aside
4 years, 11 months ago

Women vying for Oscars salute their progress, snubs aside

Associated Press  

BEVERLY HILLS, Calif. — The mood at Diane von Furstenberg’s lunch honoring this year’s female Oscar contenders could have been downbeat, given the shutout of women directors for Sunday’s awards. Laura Dern, a best supporting actress nominee for “Marriage Story,” kicked things off Wednesday by recalling von Furstenberg’s first nominees’ lunch six years ago. A single couch was enough to …

Oscars 2020: Which men were nominated for Best Director, and which women were left out?
4 years, 11 months ago

Oscars 2020: Which men were nominated for Best Director, and which women were left out?

Firstpost  

Issa Rae summed up the Best Director race succinctly, perhaps in more ways than she realised, when she announced the nominees: “Congratulations to those men.” Regardless of the work at hand, the group that the Academy has chosen to nominate represents a gaze toward the past — with one key exception, Parasite — and it feels terribly fitting that a …

‘1917’ dominates our 2020 Oscar predictions, but ‘Parasite’ could surprise
4 years, 11 months ago

‘1917’ dominates our 2020 Oscar predictions, but ‘Parasite’ could surprise

LA Times  

Brad Pitt will make us laugh. BEST PICTURE “Ford v Ferrari” “The Irishman” “Jojo Rabbit” “Joker” “Little Women” “Marriage Story” “1917” “Once Upon a Time. in Hollywood” Adam Driver, “Marriage Story” Joaquin Phoenix, “Joker” Jonathan Pryce, “The Two Popes” Winner: Phoenix Now we’re entering the locks in the acting races. in Hollywood,” Quentin Tarantino “Parasite,” Bong Joon Ho, Han Jin …

Oscars 2020: Parasite, The Irishman, Joker, Jojo Rabbit, Marriage Story — how to watch all the Best Picture nominees – Firstpost
4 years, 11 months ago

Oscars 2020: Parasite, The Irishman, Joker, Jojo Rabbit, Marriage Story — how to watch all the Best Picture nominees – Firstpost

Firstpost  

While most of the Best Picture nominations at Oscars 2020 are currently running in theatres, some of them are available on streaming services. With various nominations across the awards circuit, critics are all praise for Gerwig’s Little Women, with many stating she has “modernised the book’s timeless story in unexpected ways.” How to watch it: Little Women is scheduled to …

Oscars 2020: Who will win and who should win. Our critics’ picks
4 years, 11 months ago

Oscars 2020: Who will win and who should win. Our critics’ picks

LA Times  

No, it wasn’t just your imagination. Far more than last year’s “Roma,” Bong Joon Ho’s movie seems poised to become the first non-English-language film ever to win best picture — and what’s more, it deserves to be. Movies Oscar nominations 2020: The complete list Oscar nominations 2020: “Joker” tops the list, followed by “1917,” The Irishman” and “Once Upon a …

Does the Academy Think Little Women Directed Itself?
4 years, 11 months ago

Does the Academy Think Little Women Directed Itself?

Slate  

Little Women must be a wondrous motion picture indeed. When the Academy Award nominations were announced Monday morning, that august body saw fit to recognize the film for Best Picture, Best Actress, Best Supporting Actress, Best Adapted Screenplay, and Best Costume Design. I’ve long considered myself an awards-neutral critic, unable to get too worked up about “snubs” and “nods” and …

Oscar nominations 2020: Five fun facts, from John Williams’ 52nd nod to Netflix’s grand arrival
4 years, 11 months ago

Oscar nominations 2020: Five fun facts, from John Williams’ 52nd nod to Netflix’s grand arrival

Hindustan Times  

The Oscar nominations were unveiled Monday, with Joker earning the most nods ahead of favourites Once Upon a Time. Here are five fun facts from the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences' announcement: This image released by STXfilms shows Jennifer Lopez, in a scene from Hustlers. After leading the Golden Globes nominations by a huge margin, the streaming giant …

Oscars 2020 nominations: Netflix scores historic 24 nods, including The Irishman, Marriage Story for best picture
4 years, 11 months ago

Oscars 2020 nominations: Netflix scores historic 24 nods, including The Irishman, Marriage Story for best picture

Firstpost  

Streaming video service Netflix Inc scored 24 Academy Award nominations on Monday, including two for the best picture prize, the film industry’s highest honor. Netflix Mafia epic The Irishman and divorce drama Marriage Story will compete for best picture at the Oscars ceremony on 9 February. Winning best picture would burnish Netflix’s reputation in the film business and give it …

Oscars 2020: Joaquin Phoenix's Joker leads with 11 nominations
4 years, 11 months ago

Oscars 2020: Joaquin Phoenix's Joker leads with 11 nominations

India TV News  

Filmmaker Todd Phillips' "Joker", an origin story about superhero Batman's biggest enemy Joker, led the Oscar nominations with 11 nods, including Best Picture, Best Director and Best Actor. Sam Mendes' World War drama "1917", Quentin Tarantino's ode to Los Angeles "Once Upon A Time In Hollywood", and Martin Scorsese's mob epic "The Irishman" followed close behind with 10 nods each. …

Issa Rae Calls Out The Lack Of Women Nominated For Best Director Oscar
4 years, 11 months ago

Issa Rae Calls Out The Lack Of Women Nominated For Best Director Oscar

Huff Post  

LOADING ERROR LOADING Despite a wealth of formidable contenders, the Academy Awards on Monday once again nominated zero women for Best Director, and nominations presenter Issa Rae noticed immediately. The total female shutout follows a similar result at the Golden Globes — even though a number of acclaimed 2019 films were directed by women, including Greta Gerwig’s “Little Women,” Lulu …

Oscars 2020 nominations: Once Upon a Time in Hollywood, Laura Dern, Joaquin Phoenix are top contenders
4 years, 11 months ago

Oscars 2020 nominations: Once Upon a Time in Hollywood, Laura Dern, Joaquin Phoenix are top contenders

Firstpost  

Nominations for the 92nd Academy Awards, which will be on 13 January, should bring plenty of star power to the 9 February ceremony — a good thing, too, since the ceremony is being held without a host for the second straight year in a row. Equating this year’s Best Picture race to the US’ 2020 Democractic presidential candidates, Vanity Fair, …

Oscars 2020: Why do ‘male tales’ tend to win awards?
4 years, 11 months ago

Oscars 2020: Why do ‘male tales’ tend to win awards?

BBC  

Oscars 2020: Why do ‘male tales’ tend to win awards? “It’s absurd.” Anna Smith, host of the feminist podcast Girls on Film, and chair of the London Film Critics’ Circle, points out that Little Women is also a period drama. – Anna Smith “It’s weird this year we have films called ‘The Irishman’ and ‘Little Women’ – and guess which …

How could the Oscars ignore these brilliant women directors?
4 years, 11 months ago

How could the Oscars ignore these brilliant women directors?

BBC  

How could the Oscars ignore these brilliant women directors? The most memorable single moment of yesterday’s Oscar nominations came not from any single inclusion or exclusion, but from presenter Issa Rae’s deliciously pointed statement “congratulations to those men” on introducing the Best Director shortlist. Claire Denis, High Life Alamy It was excellent to see South Korea’s Bong Joon Ho among …

Netflix leads 2020 Oscar nominations with ‘The Irishman’ and ‘Marriage Story’
4 years, 11 months ago

Netflix leads 2020 Oscar nominations with ‘The Irishman’ and ‘Marriage Story’

LA Times  

After coming up short at the Golden Globes, can Netflix translate awards nominations to wins this time? Netflix’s tally was led by Martin Scorsese’s “The Irishman,” which earned 10 nods, including for best picture, director, cinematography and supporting actors Joe Pesci and Al Pacino. Netflix also earned six nominations for Noah Baumbach’s emotional drama “Marriage Story” and three for “The …

‘Joker’ leads Oscar noms; ‘1917,’ ‘Irishman’ close behind
4 years, 11 months ago

‘Joker’ leads Oscar noms; ‘1917,’ ‘Irishman’ close behind

Associated Press  

Female filmmakers were shut out, “Parasite” made history and “Joker” edged out “The Irishman,” “1917” and “Once Upon a Time. The others were: Greta Gerwig’s Louisa May Alcott adaptation “Little Women,” Noah Baumbach’s divorce drama “Marriage Story,” Taika Waititi’s Nazi Germany romp “Jojo Rabbit,” James Mangold’s racing drama “Ford v Ferrari” and Bong Joon Ho’s class satire “Parasite” — the …

Marriage Story: Critics hail divorce drama as serious Oscar contender
5 years, 4 months ago

Marriage Story: Critics hail divorce drama as serious Oscar contender

The Independent  

Get our free weekly email for all the latest cinematic news from our film critic Clarisse Loughrey Get our The Life Cinematic email for free Get our The Life Cinematic email for free SIGN UP I would like to be emailed about offers, events and updates from The Independent. Following its premiere at Venice Film Festival, critics have hailed new …

The Oscars Weren’t Perfect, But They Were Still The Most Diverse In Recent Memory
5 years, 10 months ago

The Oscars Weren’t Perfect, But They Were Still The Most Diverse In Recent Memory

Huff Post  

LOADING ERROR LOADING To many viewers of Sunday night’s Academy Awards, the Best Picture win for the tone-deaf, anachronistic racial reconciliation dramedy “Green Book” landed with a thud, seemingly flying in the face of so many other wins for diversity and representation throughout the evening. Sunday night was also an alarming sequel to the 1989 Best Picture race, when “Driving …

Oscars 2019 predictions: From Roma to Rami Malek, here are the most likely winners in six major categories
5 years, 10 months ago

Oscars 2019 predictions: From Roma to Rami Malek, here are the most likely winners in six major categories

Hindustan Times  

This year’s Oscars race is possibly the most open in years. Oscars 2019: From Roma to Rami Malek, here’s predicting the winners in six major categories. Alfonso Cuaron’s intimate yet majestic Netflix film, Roma, was named best picture at the recent BAFTAs and the Critics Choice Awards. But perhaps the most concerning possibility is the eventual crowning of either Green …

Oscar 2019: Bradley Cooper snubbed in best director category, Black Panther bags best picture nomination
5 years, 11 months ago

Oscar 2019: Bradley Cooper snubbed in best director category, Black Panther bags best picture nomination

India TV News  

The nominations for 91st Academy Awards had its fair share of snubs and surprises, with Bradley Cooper being the most shocking absence from the Best Director category for "A Star Is Born". Cooper's film managed to bag eight nods overall, including best picture, best actress for Lady Gaga and best supporting actor for Sam Elliott. The biggest surprise were in …

2019 Oscar nominations: Our biggest heartbreaks — and the ones voters got right
5 years, 11 months ago

2019 Oscar nominations: Our biggest heartbreaks — and the ones voters got right

LA Times  

The nominations for the 91st Academy Awards have been announced. There’s no losers in that group.” Jan. 22, 11:05 a.m. | Ashley Lee Glenn Close scored her seventh Oscar nomination for playing an unfulfilled woman in “The Wife.” Here’s why Dolly Parton got snubbed in the Oscars original song category Among the game-changing 15 Academy Award nominations announced Tuesday morning …

Oscar nominations shut out female directors — again
5 years, 11 months ago

Oscar nominations shut out female directors — again

LA Times  

Once again, the Oscar race to be named best director has narrowed down to five male nominees. Female directors were shut out despite the numerous women who directed acclaimed movies in the past year, including Chloé Zhao, Lynne Ramsay, Tamara Jenkins, Debra Granik, Marielle Heller and Karyn Kusama, to name a few. FULL COVERAGE: Oscar nominations 2019 » The Academy …

Golden Globes 2019: Alfonso Cuaron wins Best Director; his Mexican drama Roma bags Best Foreign Language Film
6 years ago

Golden Globes 2019: Alfonso Cuaron wins Best Director; his Mexican drama Roma bags Best Foreign Language Film

Firstpost  

“Cinema at its best tears down walls and builds bridges to other cultures," said Alfanso Cuaron after his Mexican film Roma won big at the Golden Globes. Alfonso Cuaron’s critically loved Roma took home two trophies — Best Foreign Language Film and Best Director — at the Golden Globe Awards. The Academy Award-winning director, who is widely expected to win …

Discover Related