Why the Arihant missile test was critical for India
Hindustan TimesReports of the successful test of a submarine-launched ballistic missile by INS Arihant, India’s sole operational nuclear-powered, ballistic missile submarine, on October 14, should convey an uplifting message of reassurance to the public. Although INS Arihant undertook its first, notional, “deterrent patrol” in 2018, impressive visuals of the missile launch demonstrate Arihant’s fully-operational status as well as its crew’s proficiency. India’s nuclear deterrent aims to “prevent a nuclear attack on Indian territory or Indian forces, anywhere,” and to threaten the attacker with “massive retaliation designed to inflict unacceptable damage.” As a nation committed to “no first use”, it is of critical importance that the adversary is never in doubt about the credibility of India’s nuclear deterrent. Therefore, to threaten counter-value or counter-force targets deep inside China or Pakistan from a safe “bastion,” India needs a submarine-launched ballistic missile of “inter-continental range,” ie, over 6,000 km. Protection of India’s SSBN force would call for another type of vessel, the “nuclear attack submarine”, which also has immense utility in the anti-shipping and land attack roles.