Punjab’s AQI deteriorates from ‘moderate’ to ‘poor’
1 month, 3 weeks ago

Punjab’s AQI deteriorates from ‘moderate’ to ‘poor’

The Hindu  

The harvest of paddy, the key kharif crop, is almost at its fag end in Punjab, and the number of farm fires in the State this year have been less than they were in the corresponding period of the previous year. While the problem of paddy stubble burning, which aggravates air pollution, persists in the State, the prevailing meteorological conditions — a dry spell and negligible wind movement — have caused the average air quality index in Punjab to deteriorate from ‘moderate’ to ‘poor’ in the past few days. Punjab Pollution Control Board data, based on satellite imagery, shows that in the ongoing kharif season as many as 7,112 cases of farm fire occurrence were reported in Punjab till November 12. Stubble burning around autumn every year has been one of the factors contributing to air pollution across the country’s northern region, including the national capital and its surrounding areas. Krunesh Garg, Chief Environmental Engineer, PPCB, said that the role of stubble burning as a factor contributing to air pollution cannot be dismissed, but the ongoing meteorological conditions are key factors behind the rise in air pollution in Punjab.

Pollution Air Punjab Farm Stubble Burning Farm Fires Aqi Iari  aqi  farm  burning  pollution  punjabs  dry  deteriorates  stubble  movement  air  moderate  punjab  poor  wind

History of this topic

Delhi’s AQI back in ‘severe’ zone amid GRAP-4 restrictions
2 weeks, 4 days ago

Delhi’s AQI back in ‘severe’ zone amid GRAP-4 restrictions

Hindustan Times  

The air quality in the Capital deteriorated to the “severe” zone again on Sunday, after the air quality index over the past day provided a much-needed respite from a four-day streak of “severe” AQI from last Tuesday to Friday, according to the Central Pollution Control Board’s daily air bulletin. With an average 24-hour AQI reading of 409 recorded on the …

Stubble burning continues in Punjab amid poor air quality in Delhi
Trending News
1 month, 2 weeks ago

Stubble burning continues in Punjab amid poor air quality in Delhi

Hindustan Times  

As the air quality in the national capital was reported to be in 'very poor' category with a thin layer of smog, the stubble burning continued in parts of Punjab on Thursday. Meanwhile, according to the data of the Central Pollution Control Board, the Air Quality Index recorded in Delhi was 379, categorised as 'very poor, as of 8 am …

Delhi: Grap 4 and anti-pollution curbs in play as AQI hits season’s peak
1 month, 3 weeks ago

Delhi: Grap 4 and anti-pollution curbs in play as AQI hits season’s peak

Hindustan Times  

A thick, grey haze cloaked Delhi on Sunday, smudging out silhouettes as the air quality index surged to the season’s highest and sent authorities scrambling to contain the devolving crisis, with the Commission for Air Quality Management ushering in Stage 4 of its pollution control measures that ban all constructions and allow schools to call off classes for most students. …

Delhi's AQI remains 'severe' for fourth straight day, smog chokes city
1 month, 3 weeks ago

Delhi's AQI remains 'severe' for fourth straight day, smog chokes city

India Today  

Delhi's air quality index remained in the ‘severe’ category for the fourth consecutive day on Saturday, as dense smog engulfed the city. North Delhi bore the brunt, with areas like Jahangirpuri, Burari Crossing, and Bawana showing alarmingly high AQI readings. On Friday, Delhi Chief Minister Atishi announced staggered office timings for government employees to ease traffic congestion at peak hours …

Delhi AQI still in “very poor” zone
2 months ago

Delhi AQI still in “very poor” zone

Hindustan Times  

The Capital on Saturday recorded a slight uptick in wind speed, but that was not enough to significantly improve the pollution levels as Delhi logged yet another day with its air quality in “very poor” zone. In addition, data shared by the Central Pollution Control Board revealed that Delhi’s 24-hour average air quality reading was 352 on Saturday, an improvement …

Another hazy in Delhi, AQI dips further
Top News
2 months ago

Another hazy in Delhi, AQI dips further

Hindustan Times  

New Delhi: A layer of smog shot down visibility on Friday as the air remained dense with pollutants, with unfavourable weather conditions keeping the air quality index dangerously close to the “severe” category, weather officials said. While the 24-hour average AQI on Friday was recorded at 380 at 4pm, according to the Central Pollution Control Board’s, multiple air quality monitoring …

Delhi air pollution: Rise in asthma patients, double penalty on stubble burning as AQI drops to ‘severe’, know details
2 months ago

Delhi air pollution: Rise in asthma patients, double penalty on stubble burning as AQI drops to ‘severe’, know details

Live Mint  

Delhi Air Quality dropped to ‘severe’ category on Thursday amid rising cases of people suffering from asthma, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and other breathing issues. Delhi AQI today and all updates related to air pollution in the city -As Delhi is turning into a gas chamber with constant deterioration in air quality, more people are witnessing health issues like asthma, …

Pak officials’ claims of air pollution in Lahore due to Punjab stubble fires false, says expert
2 months ago

Pak officials’ claims of air pollution in Lahore due to Punjab stubble fires false, says expert

Hindustan Times  

Weather experts have refuted the claims of Pakistani officials that stubble burning in India’s Punjab is causing air pollution in Lahore, saying that air was instead flowing from Pakistan into India. “The general flow of air at this time is from northwest to southeast, which means that air is coming into India from Pakistan,” said Sunderpal Singh, director of Indian …

Pakistan slams India as AQI hits record high in Lahore, schools shut as toxic gray smog sickens thousands
2 months ago

Pakistan slams India as AQI hits record high in Lahore, schools shut as toxic gray smog sickens thousands

Live Mint  

Pakistan lashed out at India on Monday as the air quality index in Pubjab province hit a record high over the weekend. Tens of thousands — mainly children and elderly people — have fallen sick in Lahore and other areas bordering India over the past month. "The wind direction brings air from India into Pakistan, yet India does not seem …

Lahore Air Pollution Soars to Record High, Pakistan Minister Blames India
Trending News
2 months ago

Lahore Air Pollution Soars to Record High, Pakistan Minister Blames India

India Today  

Lahore, Pakistan, has recorded the highest air pollution levels globally, with a record-breaking AQI of 1,067. The city's air quality index has been consistently high, with the previous day's reading exceeding 1,000. The situation has prompted the authorities to impose a week-long closure of schools and a green lockdown plan for 50% of employees. Measures such as bans on polluting …

Pakistan's Pollution Contribution to Delhi's Smog
2 months, 1 week ago

Pakistan's Pollution Contribution to Delhi's Smog

Firstpost  

Pak Punjab's Chief Minister calls for cooperation with India to tackle the problem of pollution that is affecting people on both sides of the border. While stubble burning in neighbouring cities is to blame for the smog problem in the national capital, Pakistan also contributes to Delhi's pollution. The chief minister reiterated her call for climate diplomacy with India to …

Gusty winds clear pollution, Delhi’s air quality improves
9 months, 1 week ago

Gusty winds clear pollution, Delhi’s air quality improves

Hindustan Times  

Delhi recorded strong gusty winds on Monday, following which the city’s air quality improved significantly. The 24-hour average air quality index was recorded at 133 at 4 pm on Monday, which was over 100 points lower than Sunday’s 242 logged at the same time, according to the national bulletin of the Central Pollution Control Board. According to the Air Quality …

Calm winds behind air quality drop, say experts
10 months, 3 weeks ago

Calm winds behind air quality drop, say experts

Hindustan Times  

Mumbai: Mumbai’s overall Air Quality Index dipped to 194 at 6pm on Friday, as per the website of the Central Pollution Control Board. Sunil Kamble, director of the Indian Meteorological Department, Mumbai said that calm winds were pulling the air quality down. On November 1, 2023, the Bombay high court had taken note of newspaper reports highlighting poor air quality …

Delhi’s AQI improves to ‘poor’ category, may improve further in next two days
1 year, 1 month ago

Delhi’s AQI improves to ‘poor’ category, may improve further in next two days

Hindustan Times  

Delhi’s air quality improved further on Sunday, touching the ‘poor’ category, Central Pollution Control Board data showed. Delhi’s 24-hour average air quality index was recorded at 291 at 7am on Sunday morning -- a dip from Saturday’s 4pm reading of 319. The improvement in AQI by around 100 points on Saturday led to the Commission for Air Quality Management in …

Delhi’s air quality improves from ‘severe’ to ‘very poor’ due to wind
1 year, 1 month ago

Delhi’s air quality improves from ‘severe’ to ‘very poor’ due to wind

Hindustan Times  

The residents of Delhi woke up to a significantly better morning on Saturday as the average Air Quality Index reduced to 339 at 9am, the lower half of ‘very poor’ category, thanks to a change in the wind direction from north-westerly to easterly and a marginal increase in wind speed. People shop for the 'Chhath Puja' celebrations at Azadpur Mandi …

Delhi’s air back in ‘severe’ zone as smoke, slow winds trap pollutants
1 year, 1 month ago

Delhi’s air back in ‘severe’ zone as smoke, slow winds trap pollutants

Hindustan Times  

Delhi’s air quality index dropped into the deep red “severe” zone yet again on Wednesday, primarily due to the heavy influx of smoke from stubble fires, which was worsened by slow winds, dipping temperatures and remnants of firecracker emissions, ensuring that the city’s pollution crisis persists and residents remain trapped in a hazy mist. The Capital’s AQI on Wednesday clocked …

Air pollution | Delhi chokes on smog as AQI remains in 'severe' zone
1 year, 2 months ago

Air pollution | Delhi chokes on smog as AQI remains in 'severe' zone

The Hindu  

A thick toxic haze or 'smog' continued to hang heavy over the national capital as the air quality remained in the 'severe' category on Wednesday, the Central Pollution Control Board informed. Several residents and commuters in the national capital complained of breathing problems and urged the government and the authorities concerned to mobilise steps to curb the runaway air pollution …

Delhi: AQI improves slightly to ‘very poor’ category, thanks to mild surface winds
1 year, 2 months ago

Delhi: AQI improves slightly to ‘very poor’ category, thanks to mild surface winds

Hindustan Times  

An increase in surface winds through the day on Monday helped bring down the average 24-hour air quality index in Delhi within the ‘very poor’ category on Tuesday, five consecutive days after hovering under ‘severe’. Along with surface winds, a host of restrictions under stage 4 of the Graded Response Action Plan a day earlier acted as a fillip to …

'Punjab's stubble smoke has no impact on Delhi', says AAP minister Gopal Rai
1 year, 2 months ago

'Punjab's stubble smoke has no impact on Delhi', says AAP minister Gopal Rai

Op India  

Even as air pollution in Delhi remains in severe category, AAP leaders refuse to accept that the rampant stubble burning in Punjab is partly responsible for this. On Sunday, Delhi environment minister and AAP leader Gopal Rai said that the incidents of stubble burning in Punjab are halved and the smoke from the stubble burning in Punjab has no impact …

Air quality turns ‘very poor’ in Delhi as strong winds kick up dust
1 year, 7 months ago

Air quality turns ‘very poor’ in Delhi as strong winds kick up dust

The Hindu  

Delhi’s air quality slipped to ‘very poor’ category on Tuesday after strong winds kicked up dust. The air quality is likely to remain in the ‘very poor’ category throughout the day. The air quality is likely to improve and reach the lower end of the ‘poor’ category on May 19,” according to the central government’s Air Quality Early Warning System …

As Delhi gasps, Arvind Kejriwal admits stubble burning in Punjab is major reason for bad air
2 years, 2 months ago

As Delhi gasps, Arvind Kejriwal admits stubble burning in Punjab is major reason for bad air

The Hindu  

As a thick haze draped the National Capital Region on Friday, with the air quality index continuing in the “severe” category for the second straight day, the Aam Aadmi Party government in Punjab admitted responsibility for failure to curb the stubble burning that was a significant contributing factor to the pollution. In a joint press conference with Punjab Chief Minister …

Delhi's Air On Brink Of Turning 'severe', Stubble Burning Share 22 Per Cent
2 years, 2 months ago

Delhi's Air On Brink Of Turning 'severe', Stubble Burning Share 22 Per Cent

ABP News  

New Delhi: A layer of eye-stinging smog lingered over Delhi on Monday as its air quality neared the 'severe' zone with stubble burning accounting for 22 per cent of the city's PM2.5 pollution. Low wind speed allowed pollutants to accumulate in the air and the situation might deteriorate to "severe" on Tuesday morning, said Mahesh Palawat, vice president, Skymet Weather. …

Stubble burning incidents in Punjab record 20 per cent rise, sending Delhi AQI into 'very poor' category
2 years, 2 months ago

Stubble burning incidents in Punjab record 20 per cent rise, sending Delhi AQI into 'very poor' category

Op India  

On Friday, the Air Quality Index in the national capital fell into the ‘very poor’ category as the state of Punjab witnessed around 2067 incidents of parali stubble burning. The state has also recorded a 20 per cent increase in such incidents in comparison to the number of farm fires in the same period last year, affecting the quality of …

Delhi's Post-Diwali 'Very Poor' Air Best in 7 Years. Thank Cyclone Sitrang Effect
2 years, 2 months ago

Delhi's Post-Diwali 'Very Poor' Air Best in 7 Years. Thank Cyclone Sitrang Effect

News 18  

While Delhi recorded “very poor” air quality the morning after Diwali, it is, as per data, the least polluted Diwali that the city has seen in seven years. Delhi | Air Quality Index is presently at 349 in the 'very poor' category, as per SAFAR-India.Noida's AQI stands at 360, while Gurugram's Air Quality Index is at 319. pic.twitter.com/92aXyxUksx — ANI …

Punjab govt: Stubble burning incidents down from last year, better air quality in state
2 years, 2 months ago

Punjab govt: Stubble burning incidents down from last year, better air quality in state

India Today  

The Punjab government has claimed that owing to its efforts, the incidents of stubble burning in the state have seen a sharp decline from last year and it has also resulted in improved air quality of the state. Citing data from Punjab Remote Sensing Centre, state Science Technology and Environment Minister Gurmeet Singh Meet Hayer on Tuesday said that 1,847 …

Capital’s evening air improves to ‘poor’ as winds get stronger
3 years, 1 month ago

Capital’s evening air improves to ‘poor’ as winds get stronger

Hindustan Times  

Even though Delhi’s 24-hour average air quality index stayed in the “very poor” zone according to the central pollution control agency’s 4pm bulletin, the city’s pollution levels improved sharply through the evening on the back of stronger winds to enter the “poor” zone. Agencies forecast strong surface winds to continue on Tuesday as well, and the air quality to improve …

Winds bring relief to Delhi, but air still ‘very poor’
3 years, 1 month ago

Winds bring relief to Delhi, but air still ‘very poor’

Hindustan Times  

Delhi’s air quality on Monday registered a marginal improvement on the air quality scale, though not enough to take it out of the “very poor” category, where it has stayed put for the past one week. Agencies forecast strong surface winds to continue on Tuesday as well, and the air quality to improve to the ”poor” category, provided the fire …

Winds help improve index, but Capital’s air stays very polluted
3 years, 1 month ago

Winds help improve index, but Capital’s air stays very polluted

Hindustan Times  

The smoke grey skies over Delhi opened up a little on Sunday with long-range transport level winds that bring stubble emissions slowing down, pushing the air quality back into very poor zone from the severe recorded on Saturday, even as the city registered the season’s coldest morning at 10.1 degrees Celsius. Delhi recorded an average air quality index of 330 …

5 former defence personnel come together to tackle air pollution in Delhi
3 years, 1 month ago

5 former defence personnel come together to tackle air pollution in Delhi

India Today  

With Air Quality Index continuing to remain in the hazardous category in Delhi post-Diwali, the menace has stirred a group of five former defence personnel, all from the prestigious National Defence Academy have come together to tackle the pollution problem. Colonel Rohit Dev, Chief Operating Officer, PRESPL told India Today TV, "If the government doesn't come up with policies, next …

Delhi pollution: AQI improves to enter very poor zone
3 years, 1 month ago

Delhi pollution: AQI improves to enter very poor zone

Hindustan Times  

Delhi’s air quality improved marginally to reach the ‘very poor’ category on Wednesday as the capital recorded an overall air quality index of 372 – a drop from Tuesday’s 404, data from the Central Pollution Control Board showed. According to the System of Air Quality and Weather Forecasting And Research, winds that transport stubble emissions from Punjab and Haryana to …

Higher wind speed flushes out pollution in Delhi; air quality likely to improve over next 2 days
3 years, 2 months ago

Higher wind speed flushes out pollution in Delhi; air quality likely to improve over next 2 days

India TV News  

The air quality in the national capital improved slightly on Saturday due to higher wind speed, which is expected to flush out pollutants further over the next two days, weather experts said. According to Central Pollution Control Board's Sameer app, the city's air quality index stood at 449 in the severe category at 8 am on Saturday. Experts said the …

Air quality to worsen, temperature to drop in northwest as New Year approaches
4 years ago

Air quality to worsen, temperature to drop in northwest as New Year approaches

Hindustan Times  

Most towns and cities in northwest India recorded poor and very poor category air on Saturday. The air quality is likely to deteriorate further from December 27 due to a change in wind speed, associated with an approaching western disturbance. When a western disturbance approaches, winds slow down, resulting in an accumulation of pollutants,” said VK Soni, scientist at IMD’s …

Delhi's Air Quality Worsens to 'Poor' Category, AQI Likely to Decline Further
4 years, 1 month ago

Delhi's Air Quality Worsens to 'Poor' Category, AQI Likely to Decline Further

News 18  

Delhi’s air quality slipped back into the poor category on Saturday, a day after favourable wind speed helped it improve significantly. The city’s 24-hour average air quality index was 231 on Saturday. The contribution of stubble burning in neighbouring states to Delhi’s PM2.5 levels was 4 per cent on Saturday, 2 per cent on Friday and just 1 per cent …

Claims of Diwali causing pollution busted as air quality improves
4 years, 1 month ago

Claims of Diwali causing pollution busted as air quality improves

Op India  

National Green Tribunal imposed a blanket ban on firecrackers in Delhi/NCR just before the festivities could begin. #PathakeWaliDiwali pic.twitter.com/5rKbxEDVx1 — Narendra Modi fan November 14, 2020 Happy diwali meri delhi mein Pta hai ptakhe ban hai But I celebrated to welcome my prabhu Ram Aur kuch logo kisi tashreef jlane ke liye bhi Av zayda gyan mat jhadna meko #Diwali …

Delhi's air quality improves to 'very poor' with change in wind direction
4 years, 1 month ago

Delhi's air quality improves to 'very poor' with change in wind direction

India TV News  

The national capital recorded its air quality in the 'very poor' category on Thursday morning even as experts said the situation was “much better” compared to two days ago when pollution levels were above the emergency threshold. A change in the wind direction -- from north westerly to north-north easterly -- was the reason behind the dip in pollution levels …

Delhi air quality remains 'very poor', data says stubble burning up by 49% in Punjab
4 years, 2 months ago

Delhi air quality remains 'very poor', data says stubble burning up by 49% in Punjab

India Today  

Air pollution continues to remain a deep concern in Delhi as the air quality continued to be ‘very poor’ on Tuesday morning even as data said that the number of stubble burning incidents in Punjab have risen 49% this season. The CPCB air quality tracker showed Air Quality Index at Anand Vihar was well past the 300-mark on Tuesday morning, …

Delhi's Air Quality Improves Slightly, Likely to Turn 'Very Poor' by Tomorrow
4 years, 2 months ago

Delhi's Air Quality Improves Slightly, Likely to Turn 'Very Poor' by Tomorrow

News 18  

Pollution levels in the national capital dipped slightly on Tuesday due to favourable wind speed, but the air quality is likely to turn 'very poor' on Wednesday. The Ministry of Earth Sciences' air quality monitor, SAFAR, stated the share of stubble burning in Delhi's PM2.5 pollution stood at 8 per cent on Tuesday and is likely to increase by Wednesday …

Delhi's Air Quality Dips to 'Poor' Category, Likely to Worsen by Wednesday
4 years, 2 months ago

Delhi's Air Quality Dips to 'Poor' Category, Likely to Worsen by Wednesday

News 18  

Pollution levels in Delhi dipped slightly on Monday but the air quality stayed in the ‘poor’ category, with government agencies saying the AQI was likely to slip to ‘very poor’ in the next few days due to a change in wind direction and a reduction in speed. The Ministry of Earth Sciences’ air quality monitor, SAFAR, said the AQI was …

Delhi’s air quality poor, stubble contribution in air pollution may increase
4 years, 2 months ago

Delhi’s air quality poor, stubble contribution in air pollution may increase

Live Mint  

The region of Delhi-NCR witnessed a layer of haze as the air quality dips in the national capital. Delhi has been witnessing a trend of poor air quality for the fast few days.The air pollution level in Delhi had hit an eight-month high on Thursday but reduced slightly on Friday with favourable wind speed helping in dispersion of pollutants, even …

Slight Improvement in Delhi's Air Quality as Wind Helps in Dispersion of Pollutants
4 years, 2 months ago

Slight Improvement in Delhi's Air Quality as Wind Helps in Dispersion of Pollutants

News 18  

Pollution levels reduced slightly in the national capital on Friday with favourable wind speed helping in dispersion of pollutants, according to India Meteorological Department officials. The Ministry of Earth Sciences’ Air Quality Early Warning System for Delhi said the wind direction was northwesterly on Friday, which is favourable for transport of pollutants from farm fires. According to the System of …

Wind speed brings slight improvement in Delhi's air quality
4 years, 2 months ago

Wind speed brings slight improvement in Delhi's air quality

India TV News  

Pollution levels reduced slightly in the national capital on Friday with favourable wind speed helping in the dispersion of pollutants, according to India Meteorological Department officials. The Ministry of Earth Sciences' Air Quality Early Warning System for Delhi said the wind direction was northwesterly on Friday, which is favourable for the transport of pollutants from farm fires. According to the …

Air pollution: My throat choked in Ludhiana, says Javadekar, asks Punjab to stop stubble burning
4 years, 2 months ago

Air pollution: My throat choked in Ludhiana, says Javadekar, asks Punjab to stop stubble burning

India Today  

Union minister Prakash Javadekar on Thursday appealed to the Punjab government to stop stubble burning by farmers in the state and also claimed that while he was travelling in Ludhiana recently, he choked on the smoke generated from the crop burning activities. As of now there is about 4% of the air pollution being caused by stubble burning.” “All these …

Delhi air quality poor AQI may improve wind direction – India TV
4 years, 2 months ago

Delhi air quality poor AQI may improve wind direction – India TV

India TV News  

The air quality in the national capital and adjacent areas was recorded in the “poor” category on Monday morning, with concentration of fine particulate matter – PM2.5 and PM10 – increasing to the highest recorded levels this season so far. Delhi's air quality had turned poor on Wednesday, the first time in since June 29, with the Central Pollution Control …

High wind speed improves Delhi’s air quality marginally
4 years, 3 months ago

High wind speed improves Delhi’s air quality marginally

Hindustan Times  

Delhi’s air quality improved marginally on Sunday due to high wind speed, while favourable ventilation conditions are likely to keep it in the “moderate” category for the next three days, a government forecasting agency said. Favourable ventilation condition is likely to keep Delhi’s AQI in the moderate category for the next three days,” SAFAR said. “AQI has improved marginally due …

Delhi breathes easy as rains, winds push AQI to 'moderate' levels
5 years, 1 month ago

Delhi breathes easy as rains, winds push AQI to 'moderate' levels

India TV News  

Delhiites breathed a sigh of relief on Wednesday as the air quality in the national capital improved significantly due to rains and favourable wind speed. While most of the 37 air quality monitoring stations in Delhi recorded AQI in the "moderate" category, air quality at a few places like Lodhi Road, Pusa, Aurobindo Marg and Burari Crossing improved to "satisfactory" …

Share of stubble burning in Delhi pollution drops to 3 pc due to change in wind direction: SAFAR
5 years, 2 months ago

Share of stubble burning in Delhi pollution drops to 3 pc due to change in wind direction: SAFAR

India TV News  

The share of stubble burning in Delhi's pollution dropped to a meagre 3 per cent on Wednesday due to a change in the wind direction, according to the government's air quality monitoring and forecasting service SAFAR. SAFAR said, "A change in the wind direction has led to a very low biomass plume intrusion in spite of the fact that the …

Delhi pollution levels reduce significantly due to gusty winds, rainfall; overall air quality index jumps up to ‘moderate’ category
5 years, 2 months ago

Delhi pollution levels reduce significantly due to gusty winds, rainfall; overall air quality index jumps up to ‘moderate’ category

Firstpost  

Delhiites breathed easy on Saturday as pollution levels in the national capital reduced significantly owing to gusty winds and rainfall in neighbouring areas. New Delhi: Delhiites breathed easy on Saturday as pollution levels in the national capital reduced significantly owing to gusty winds and rainfall in neighbouring areas. The overall air quality index fluctuated between 128 and 157, which falls …

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