Poor morale, reliance on foreign allies: The collapse of Assad’s army in Syria explained
FirstpostAs rebels swept into Damascus last week, toppling former President Bashar al-Assad, his army simply collapsed, abruptly ending a 13-year conflict that had claimed hundreds of thousands of lives. Reuters spoke to a dozen sources including two Syrian army deserters, three senior Syrian officers, two Iraqi militia commanders working with the Syrian army, a Syrian security source and a source familiar with the thinking of Lebanese group Hezbollah, one of Assad’s main military allies. Since the war began in 2011, Assad’s army command had come to depend on allied Iranian and Iran-funded Lebanese and Iraqi forces to provide the best fighting units in Syria, all the senior sources said. Crucially, much of the Syrian military’s operational command structure was run by Iranian military advisers and their militia allies, they said. The Syrian army’s own central command and control centre no longer functioned well after the Iranian and Hezbollah officers left and the military lacked a defence strategy, particularly for Syria’s second city of Aleppo, a Syrian colonel, two Syrian security sources and a Lebanese security source familiar with the Syrian military said.