Agenda for new government: Creating jobs
India TodayIrrespective of the political party or formation assuming power in New Delhi after the May 23 result, the biggest challenge for the new government would be to generate adequate employment opportunities - to take care of about 12.8 million new entrants to the workforce every year and those migrating out of agriculture to non-farm sectors. Though no official data is available, the leaked report of the National Sample Survey Office's periodic labour force survey of 2017-18 showed that unemployment rate has risen to a 45-year high of 6.1 per cent. RECOGNISING THE CHALLENGES The NSSO's PLFS report throws up a few things clearly: open unemployment rate has risen dramatically, from 2.2 per cent in 2011-12 to 6.1 per cent in 2017-18; workforce has shrunk by 47 million during the period and that labour force participation rate has come down from 55.9 per cent to 49.5 per cent - that is more than half the working-age people are out of the job market because there are no jobs. Since the 1990s and particularly in 2000s, GDP growth accelerated to 7 per cent but employment growth slowed down to one per cent or less. In such a situation, any economist would suggest that the government expenditure - which has also fallen from 1.9 per cent of GDP in 2016-17 to 1.7 per cent in 2018-19 - needs to go up to improve economic activity, create demand in the economy and attract private investment further down the line.