Private schools offer 'pay now' option in attempt to dodge Labour VAT raid
1 year, 5 months ago

Private schools offer 'pay now' option in attempt to dodge Labour VAT raid

The Telegraph  

Leading private schools are offering parents a “pay now” option to save money on Labour’s planned VAT charge on fees. The Sunday Times reported that schools were telling parents that existing schemes which allow them to pay fees for several years in advance could avoid the tax rise. “We did not encourage parents to use the scheme and we did not give either financial or legal advice.” Merchant Taylors’ School, in Hertfordshire, where parents pay £25,000 a year, also suggested parents could pay for fees in advance. our fees in advance scheme may provide parents with a degree of long-term assurance in the current climate.” The Sunday Times said schools had received advice from the Independent Schools’ Bursars Association that recommended telling parents that a new government could also change the rules to levy VAT at the point at which the money is spent rather than when it is handed over.

Parents School Labour Pay Fees Schools Private Schools Vat  labour  attempt  fees  school  times  schools  dodge  scheme  increase  pay  raid  private  option  advance  vat  parents  offer

History of this topic

Labour's private school tax-raid 'forces fee-paying families who have children with special educational needs to move home'
1 day, 16 hours ago

Labour's private school tax-raid 'forces fee-paying families who have children with special educational needs to move home'

Daily Mail  

One in eight families with SEND children in private schools have been ‘forced to move home’ due to Labour’s tax raid, campaigners say. Of these respondents, 12 per cent said they had moved home or downsized to pay for Labour’s 20 per cent VAT on private school fees, which came into force in January. ‘Labour is more interested in pursuing …

Labour's 'destructive approach' to independent schools will not be looked on kindly by history after VAT tax raid, warns UK's most powerful education figures
1 week, 2 days ago

Labour's 'destructive approach' to independent schools will not be looked on kindly by history after VAT tax raid, warns UK's most powerful education figures

Daily Mail  

One of the UK’s most powerful education figures has warned that history will not look kindly on the Labour Government for ‘its destructive approach to independent education’. Speaking yesterday, Philip Britton, incoming Chair of the HMC, hit out at the ‘enormous and damaging change’ caused by the VAT on school fees tax since it was imposed in January. Philip Britton …

Labour's VAT tax raid on private schools is forcing most to cut staff, bursaries and subjects on offer while pupil numbers are already plunging, new figures show
2 weeks, 3 days ago

Labour's VAT tax raid on private schools is forcing most to cut staff, bursaries and subjects on offer while pupil numbers are already plunging, new figures show

Daily Mail  

Swathes of private schools are being forced to cut staff, reduce bursaries and narrow the range of subjects they teach in a bid to keep the books balanced following Labour's VAT raid on fees, a new poll shows. Swathes of private schools are being forced to cut staff, reduce bursaries and narrow the range of subjects they teach in a …

Labour VAT raid on private school fees forces Scotland's largest private school which charges up to £20,000 a year to launch fundraising appeal
2 weeks, 6 days ago

Labour VAT raid on private school fees forces Scotland's largest private school which charges up to £20,000 a year to launch fundraising appeal

Daily Mail  

Scotland's largest private school is launching a fundraising appeal amid concern that Labour's VAT bill for fees will put pressure on parents to withdraw their children. A VAT rate of 20 per cent was added on January 1 to fees already increased last year for other reasons, fulfilling an election manifesto pledge by Labour. Lisa Kerr became the 300-year-old school's …

Labour MP: VAT charge on private schools could make elitist system more elitist
4 weeks ago

Labour MP: VAT charge on private schools could make elitist system more elitist

The Independent  

Sign up to our free money newsletter for investment analysis and expert advice to help you build wealth Sign up to our free money email for help building your wealth Sign up to our free money email for help building your wealth SIGN UP I would like to be emailed about offers, events and updates from The Independent. Rupa Huq …

Inflation jumps to 10-month high, knocking chance of early interest rate cut
1 month, 1 week ago

Inflation jumps to 10-month high, knocking chance of early interest rate cut

The Independent  

For free real time breaking news alerts sent straight to your inbox sign up to our breaking news emails Sign up to our free breaking news emails Sign up to our free breaking news emails SIGN UP I would like to be emailed about offers, events and updates from The Independent. As a result, City traders reduced their bets on …

Private school fees and plane fares to drive increase in inflation
1 month, 2 weeks ago

Private school fees and plane fares to drive increase in inflation

The Independent  

For free real time breaking news alerts sent straight to your inbox sign up to our breaking news emails Sign up to our free breaking news emails Sign up to our free breaking news emails SIGN UP I would like to be emailed about offers, events and updates from The Independent. Read our privacy policy Inflation is set to have …

Our state primary is overrun by pupils from private schools – now playdates are hell
1 month, 2 weeks ago

Our state primary is overrun by pupils from private schools – now playdates are hell

The Independent  

The best of Voices delivered to your inbox every week - from controversial columns to expert analysis Sign up for our free weekly Voices newsletter for expert opinion and columns Sign up to our free weekly Voices newsletter SIGN UP I would like to be emailed about offers, events and updates from The Independent. Read our privacy policy Labour’s decision …

Phillipson dodges question on impact of private school tax raid
2 months, 2 weeks ago

Phillipson dodges question on impact of private school tax raid

The Independent  

Sign up for the View from Westminster email for expert analysis straight to your inbox Get our free View from Westminster email Get our free View from Westminster email SIGN UP I would like to be emailed about offers, events and updates from The Independent. Read our privacy policy Bridget Phillipson failed to spell out the full impact of the …

Private school teachers are being sacked and having their pay cut because of Labour's VAT raid on fees, union warns
2 months, 2 weeks ago

Private school teachers are being sacked and having their pay cut because of Labour's VAT raid on fees, union warns

Daily Mail  

Private school teachers are being sacked and having their pay cut because of Labour's VAT raid on fees. The policy means private schools must pay a 20 per cent VAT tax on their fees with the knock-on consequence that less popular subjects such as Latin are being removed from the curriculum to save money. Labour Chancellor Rachel Reeves confirmed in …

Fury as a fifth of private schools are set to pass on Labour's punishing VAT raid on fees to parents - despite fears it will 'damage' children
2 months, 4 weeks ago

Fury as a fifth of private schools are set to pass on Labour's punishing VAT raid on fees to parents - despite fears it will 'damage' children

Daily Mail  

Private schools are set to pass on most of Labour's punishing VAT raid to parents despite fears it will 'damage' children. Analysis shows that half of the country's 2,600 independent schools are planning to hike fees by around 15 per cent, despite Treasury predictions. Labour's controversial move to apply 20 per cent VAT to private school fees was designed to …

The VAT ‘raid’ on private schools has finally made me proud to have voted Labour
Trending News
3 months ago

The VAT ‘raid’ on private schools has finally made me proud to have voted Labour

The Independent  

Six months after the government’s historic landslide election victory, its controversial plan to put VAT on private school fees has come into effect. According to his chancellor, “ending the VAT break for private schools would mean an additional £1.7 billion a year that can go towards our state schools, where 94 per cent of this country’s children are educated”. A …

Private schools ‘to raise fees by more than Starmer predicted’ as controversial VAT policy imposed
Trending News
3 months ago

Private schools ‘to raise fees by more than Starmer predicted’ as controversial VAT policy imposed

The Independent  

Sign up for the View from Westminster email for expert analysis straight to your inbox Get our free View from Westminster email Get our free View from Westminster email SIGN UP I would like to be emailed about offers, events and updates from The Independent. Read our privacy policy Private schools are reportedly set to raise their fees by more …

Private schools issue damning warning over Labour's school VAT raid as controversial policy comes in
3 months ago

Private schools issue damning warning over Labour's school VAT raid as controversial policy comes in

Daily Mail  

State and private schools will face 'significant damage' from Labour's tax raid on fees, teachers warned last night. On the eve of the policy's introduction last night, Independent Schools Council CEO Julie Robinson told the Mail that it would 'undermine' private education. 'The Government's rushed tax policy targeting independent schools will do significant damage to the educational opportunities available to …

Starmer defends controversial private schools VAT policy by arguing it will benefit middles classes
Trending News
3 months ago

Starmer defends controversial private schools VAT policy by arguing it will benefit middles classes

The Independent  

Sign up for the View from Westminster email for expert analysis straight to your inbox Get our free View from Westminster email Get our free View from Westminster email SIGN UP I would like to be emailed about offers, events and updates from The Independent. Over the weekend, education secretary Bridget Phillipson called tax exemptions for private schools “a luxury …

Private school tax breaks ‘a luxury we cannot afford’, says education secretary
Top News
3 months ago

Private school tax breaks ‘a luxury we cannot afford’, says education secretary

The Independent  

Sign up for the View from Westminster email for expert analysis straight to your inbox Get our free View from Westminster email Get our free View from Westminster email SIGN UP I would like to be emailed about offers, events and updates from The Independent. open image in gallery Keir Starmer has promised to ‘give children the best start in …

Starmer’s VAT hike will leave some GCSE students without a school by January, warns council
3 months ago

Starmer’s VAT hike will leave some GCSE students without a school by January, warns council

The Independent  

Sign up for the View from Westminster email for expert analysis straight to your inbox Get our free View from Westminster email Get our free View from Westminster email SIGN UP I would like to be emailed about offers, events and updates from The Independent. open image in gallery Education secretary Bridget Phillipson has been forced to defend the policy …

UK to funnel £1.5 billion into public education with private school tax reform
Top News
3 months ago

UK to funnel £1.5 billion into public education with private school tax reform

Live Mint  

The UK will end a tax exemption for private schools on Wednesday, the centre-left Labour government has announced, in a move set to raise over £1.5 billion for public education. After years of worsening educational inequalities, from January 1, private schools will have to pay 20 percent value added tax on tuition fees, which will be used to fund thousands …

School chiefs turn on Rachel Reeves after 'shameful' claim that VAT raid will give all children the 'best start'
3 months ago

School chiefs turn on Rachel Reeves after 'shameful' claim that VAT raid will give all children the 'best start'

Daily Mail  

The Chancellor’s claim that taxing private school fees will give all children the ‘best start’ has been branded ‘shameful’. Rachel Reeves has insisted that £1.7 billion would be raised by the 20 per cent VAT imposed on private schools from New Year’s Day, in a press release celebrating Labour’s ‘plan for change’. As the surge in fees has seen thousands …

UK to tax private schools in £1.5 bn boost to public education
3 months ago

UK to tax private schools in £1.5 bn boost to public education

Hindustan Times  

The UK will end a tax exemption for private schools on Wednesday, the centre-left Labour government has announced, in a move set to raise over £1.5 billion for public education. UK to tax private schools in £1.5 bn boost to public education After years of worsening educational inequalities, from January 1, private schools will have to pay 20 percent value …

Starmer’s VAT raid will ensure private schools become even more elitist
3 months ago

Starmer’s VAT raid will ensure private schools become even more elitist

The Independent  

The best of Voices delivered to your inbox every week - from controversial columns to expert analysis Sign up for our free weekly Voices newsletter for expert opinion and columns Sign up to our free weekly Voices newsletter SIGN UP I would like to be emailed about offers, events and updates from The Independent. For children like me, private schools …

Labour preparing for private school closures after VAT raid on fees, suggest reports
3 months ago

Labour preparing for private school closures after VAT raid on fees, suggest reports

The Independent  

Sign up for the View from Westminster email for expert analysis straight to your inbox Get our free View from Westminster email Get our free View from Westminster email SIGN UP I would like to be emailed about offers, events and updates from The Independent. Read our privacy policy Contingency plans are underway in Whitehall for a surge in demand …

Families launch legal action over government’s private school fees VAT raid
3 months, 1 week ago

Families launch legal action over government’s private school fees VAT raid

The Independent  

Sign up for the View from Westminster email for expert analysis straight to your inbox Get our free View from Westminster email Get our free View from Westminster email SIGN UP I would like to be emailed about offers, events and updates from The Independent. Read our privacy policy Six families have launched a legal challenge against the government’s plan …

VAT changes for private schools could impact children’s mental health – Tory MP
4 months ago

VAT changes for private schools could impact children’s mental health – Tory MP

The Independent  

Get the free Morning Headlines email for news from our reporters across the world Sign up to our free Morning Headlines email Sign up to our free Morning Headlines email SIGN UP I would like to be emailed about offers, events and updates from The Independent. Treasury minister James Murray said removing private schools’ exemption is “a tough but necessary …

Head of £46,700-a-year Stowe school where Richard Branson, Henry Cavill and David Niven were educated says private school parents should be 'celebrated' rather than punished because they save the stat
4 months, 2 weeks ago

Head of £46,700-a-year Stowe school where Richard Branson, Henry Cavill and David Niven were educated says private school parents should be 'celebrated' rather than punished because they save the stat

Daily Mail  

The head teacher of a £46,700-a-year private school has said private school parents should be 'celebrated' for saving taxpayers money on their children's education. Dr Anthony Wallersteiner, Head Teacher of Stowe School has called for legal action against the Government Stowe School, in Stowe, Buckinghamshire, has had to raise its prices as a result of the policy ‘Does someone like …

After private-school tax raid Eton tells parents: We can't afford to drop our £63,000-a-year fees
4 months, 2 weeks ago

After private-school tax raid Eton tells parents: We can't afford to drop our £63,000-a-year fees

Daily Mail  

The new Provost of Eton College has admitted the historic school has faced multiple calls from parents to lower fees since it told them it was levying Labour’s full ‘private-school tax’ on them. Eton is one of the few leading public schools to pass the full burden of Labour’s controversial 20 per cent VAT raid on fees onto parents. Eton, …

Labour's tax raid on private tuition fees is left in CHAOS - as school heads have been unable to register for VAT on HMRC site
4 months, 2 weeks ago

Labour's tax raid on private tuition fees is left in CHAOS - as school heads have been unable to register for VAT on HMRC site

Daily Mail  

Labour's tax raid on private tuition fees is in disarray as school heads have been unable to register for VAT on the official UK tax website. It left schools spending hours trying to navigate the system via HMRC’s live webchat, with one adviser even admitting: ‘we don’t seem to have the systems in place’. Keir Starmer and the Labour party's …

Private school closes because of Labour VAT and NI tax raids
4 months, 3 weeks ago

Private school closes because of Labour VAT and NI tax raids

The Telegraph  

If it closes next year, Carrdus will be the tenth school to shut since The Telegraph revealed the closure of Alton School in Hampshire in May. Increased tax burden Last week’s Budget confirmed that private schools would lose their VAT exemption and business rate relief, pushing up costs that will need to be passed on to parents via higher fees. …

Labour wants to abolish private schools ‘by the back door’, headteacher claims
4 months, 3 weeks ago

Labour wants to abolish private schools ‘by the back door’, headteacher claims

The Telegraph  

Labour’s real aim is to abolish private schools “by the back door”, the headteacher of a leading independent school has said in an outspoken attack on Sir Keir Starmer’s VAT and National Insurance increases. He warned that Labour’s policy agenda would require further tax rises to compensate for stagnating economic growth “and schools like mine will become over-elitist, not through …

Foreign Office asks private schools to offer discounted fees for diplomats' children following Labour's VAT raid
4 months, 3 weeks ago

Foreign Office asks private schools to offer discounted fees for diplomats' children following Labour's VAT raid

Daily Mail  

The Foreign Office has pleaded with private schools to offer discounted fees to diplomats’ children amid Labour’s tax raid. Private school fees will be subject to VAT from January when Labour ends an exemption for the provision of education, Rachel Reeves has said The Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office government building on Whitehall in the Westminster district of London in …

Extra cash for universities from Labour raising students' tuition fees will be 'almost entirely swallowed up' by Rachel Reeves' hike to national insurance
4 months, 3 weeks ago

Extra cash for universities from Labour raising students' tuition fees will be 'almost entirely swallowed up' by Rachel Reeves' hike to national insurance

Daily Mail  

Extra funding for universities from higher tuition fees will be 'almost entirely swallowed up' by Labour's hike to national insurance, experts have warned. HEPI pointed to an Institute for Fiscal Studies analysis that showed raising the tuition fees cap from £9,250 a year to £9,535 a year would spare universities a real-terms cut of £390million next year. Extra funding for …

Private school group to launch legal action over Government’s VAT plan on fees
5 months ago

Private school group to launch legal action over Government’s VAT plan on fees

The Independent  

Get the free Morning Headlines email for news from our reporters across the world Sign up to our free Morning Headlines email Sign up to our free Morning Headlines email SIGN UP I would like to be emailed about offers, events and updates from The Independent. Read our privacy policy A group representing more than 1,400 private schools will launch …

What is Labour’s controversial private school VAT raid policy?
5 months ago

What is Labour’s controversial private school VAT raid policy?

The Independent  

The best of Voices delivered to your inbox every week - from controversial columns to expert analysis Sign up for our free weekly Voices newsletter for expert opinion and columns Sign up to our free weekly Voices newsletter Please enter a valid email address Please enter a valid email address SIGN UP I would like to be emailed about offers, …

Parents already turning down private school places as Labour’s VAT policy looms
5 months ago

Parents already turning down private school places as Labour’s VAT policy looms

The Independent  

Get the free Morning Headlines email for news from our reporters across the world Sign up to our free Morning Headlines email Please enter a valid email address Please enter a valid email address SIGN UP I would like to be emailed about offers, events and updates from The Independent. Research shared withThe Independent by education consultants Anglo Schools International …

What is ‘toddler tax’ that could see some parents paying VAT on nursery fees?
5 months ago

What is ‘toddler tax’ that could see some parents paying VAT on nursery fees?

The Independent  

The best of Voices delivered to your inbox every week - from controversial columns to expert analysis Sign up for our free weekly Voices newsletter for expert opinion and columns Sign up to our free weekly Voices newsletter SIGN UP I would like to be emailed about offers, events and updates from The Independent. In what has been branded the …

France and Germany slam Labour's VAT plan for private schools - and warn it could force hundreds of pupils out of international schools
5 months ago

France and Germany slam Labour's VAT plan for private schools - and warn it could force hundreds of pupils out of international schools

Daily Mail  

France and Germany have attacked Labour's plan to levy VAT on private school fees, saying it could force hundreds of pupils out of international schools. French ambassador Hélène Duchêne warned the controversial tax raid threatened Sir Keir Starmer's attempt to 'reset' diplomatic relations between Britain and the EU Sir Keir plans to remove the VAT exemption on school fees from …

Military families set to be exempt from Labour’s controversial VAT on private school fees
5 months ago

Military families set to be exempt from Labour’s controversial VAT on private school fees

The Independent  

Sign up for the View from Westminster email for expert analysis straight to your inbox Get our free View from Westminster email Get our free View from Westminster email SIGN UP I would like to be emailed about offers, events and updates from The Independent. Read our privacy policy Military families are set to be protected from Labour’s decision to …

School VAT tax raid to go ahead in win for Bridget Phillipson
5 months, 3 weeks ago

School VAT tax raid to go ahead in win for Bridget Phillipson

The Independent  

Sign up for the View from Westminster email for expert analysis straight to your inbox Get our free View from Westminster email Please enter a valid email address Please enter a valid email address SIGN UP I would like to be emailed about offers, events and updates from The Independent. In response, the Treasury initially failed to confirm that the …

Private schools plan legal challenge against Starmer’s VAT raid
5 months, 4 weeks ago

Private schools plan legal challenge against Starmer’s VAT raid

The Telegraph  

Private schools are drawing up plans to launch a legal challenge against the Government’s VAT raid on school fees, The Telegraph can reveal. Private schools also want ministers to push back the implementation of the VAT policy from Jan 1 2025 to September next year. However, victory in the High Court would rubber-stamp private schools’ concerns that the policy is …

Head of Bedales school where Daniel Day Lewis, Kirstie Allsopp and Lily Allen were educated warns Labour's VAT raid on private school fees is 'levelling down'
5 months, 4 weeks ago

Head of Bedales school where Daniel Day Lewis, Kirstie Allsopp and Lily Allen were educated warns Labour's VAT raid on private school fees is 'levelling down'

Daily Mail  

Labour's plan to put VAT on private school fees amounts to 'levelling down', according to the headteacher of the famously 'progressive' Bedales School. Will Goldsmith said it was unfair to punish private schools for a lack of funding in the state sector, adding that cash raised by the tax is unlikely to make much difference. Will Goldsmith said it was …

Parents appalled after council asks those trying to move their children to state education from private schools to prove how poor they are
6 months, 3 weeks ago

Parents appalled after council asks those trying to move their children to state education from private schools to prove how poor they are

Daily Mail  

A council was forced to apologise for asking parents moving their child to a state school to provide evidence that they longer afford private school fees. Buckinghamshire Council had reportedly asked parents to prove their financial situation in order for their children to be considered for a state school place because schools 'are full'. Buckinghamshire Council was forced to apologise …

Prove you can’t afford private school fees, council asks parents
6 months, 3 weeks ago

Prove you can’t afford private school fees, council asks parents

The Telegraph  

Parents have been asked to provide evidence they can no longer afford private school fees to secure a place at a state school. However, if you can provide evidence that you can no longer finance the independent school fees, please advise and we can make a local authority non-preference allocation.” Councils must not ask for parents’ financial status All children …

Thousands of armed forces families depend on help into private schools. Labour's VAT raid plan threatens to hit their children hard, writes LORD KEMPSELL
6 months, 3 weeks ago

Thousands of armed forces families depend on help into private schools. Labour's VAT raid plan threatens to hit their children hard, writes LORD KEMPSELL

Daily Mail  

From Cyprus to Somalia, South Sudan to the Falklands, British military personnel are deployed 24/7 around the world to safeguard our national interests. They fight bloodthirsty terrorists and intercept international organised criminals Secretary of State for Education and Minister for Women and Equalities Bridget Phillipson leaves 10 Downing Street More than 4,000 military children receive support for their private education …

Eton 'to impose Labour's 20 per cent VAT rise in January's fees' with costs of attending 584-year-old school set to rise to £63,000 per year
7 months ago

Eton 'to impose Labour's 20 per cent VAT rise in January's fees' with costs of attending 584-year-old school set to rise to £63,000 per year

Daily Mail  

Eton College will add the full 20 per cent VAT cost on to school fees when Labour’s policy is introduced, it has announced. We recognise the concern that will be felt by many parents following this announcement.’ Eton College will charge the full 20 per cent VAT on its school fees from January after Labour's policy is introduced Chancellor Rachel …

Government’s private schools VAT raid ‘could cost taxpayer £1.8bn’
7 months ago

Government’s private schools VAT raid ‘could cost taxpayer £1.8bn’

The Telegraph  

The free market think tank looked at what would happen if two-fifths of money these parents earn or the hours they work specifically to cover school fees was instead taken as leisure. The study has been published as Ipsos polling for The Telegraph shows that while the public broadly supports the Government’s plan to hit school fees with 20 per …

Eton College tells parents fees likely to rise by 20% over Labour’s VAT plan
7 months ago

Eton College tells parents fees likely to rise by 20% over Labour’s VAT plan

The Independent  

Get the free Morning Headlines email for news from our reporters across the world Sign up to our free Morning Headlines email Sign up to our free Morning Headlines email SIGN UP I would like to be emailed about offers, events and updates from The Independent. Read our privacy policy Eton College will raise fees by 20% as a result …

Eton College to raise fees by 20% following Labour’s VAT on private schools
7 months ago

Eton College to raise fees by 20% following Labour’s VAT on private schools

The Independent  

Get the free Morning Headlines email for news from our reporters across the world Sign up to our free Morning Headlines email Please enter a valid email address Please enter a valid email address SIGN UP I would like to be emailed about offers, events and updates from The Independent. Please try again later {{ /verifyErrors }} Eton College will …

Eton to raise fees by 20pc amid Labour VAT raid
7 months ago

Eton to raise fees by 20pc amid Labour VAT raid

The Telegraph  

Eton College will pass on 20 per cent VAT to parents in full from January, the school has announced. In the letter to parents, the school said that having “carefully considered the impact of the Government’s decision… from January 2025, we regret that the cost of an Eton education is likely to rise by 20 per cent as a result …

Biggest private girls’ school chain raises fees by 12pc over VAT raid
7 months ago

Biggest private girls’ school chain raises fees by 12pc over VAT raid

The Telegraph  

The largest chain of private schools for girls in Britain has said it will hike fees 12 per cent from January when the Government will begin applying VAT to them. The Girls’ Day School Trust, a group of 23 top private schools in England and Wales, said it would not pass on the entire 20 per cent VAT charge to …

Military families fear being 'priced out' of boarding schools by Sir Keir Starmer's plans to place VAT on private schools
7 months ago

Military families fear being 'priced out' of boarding schools by Sir Keir Starmer's plans to place VAT on private schools

Daily Mail  

Military families who rely on boarding schools fear they will be priced out by Labour's VAT hike. Military families who rely on boarding schools fear they will be priced out by Labour's VAT hike King Charles III and Prince William stand in front of an Apache helicopter during the official handover in which King Charles III passes the role of …

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