
What is the three-language formula?
The HinduThe story so far: A 50-year-old controversy got a new lease of life recently when a paragraph in the Draft New Education Policy 2019 referred to the mandatory teaching of Hindi in States where Hindi is not spoken. This was a reiteration of the Central government’s three-language formula, but it set off a storm in Tamil Nadu, which stoutly opposes any attempt to impose Hindi and adheres to a two-language formula. In addition, it said, “At the secondary stage, State governments should adopt and vigorously implement the three-language formula, which includes the study of a modern Indian language, preferably one of the southern languages, apart from Hindi and English in the Hindi-speaking States.” In the ‘non-Hindi speaking States’, Hindi should be studied along with the regional language and English. It added: “Suitable courses in Hindi and/or English should also be available in universities and colleges with a view to improving the proficiency of students in these languages up to the prescribed university standards.” On promotion of Hindi, the NPE 1968 said every effort should be made to promote the language and that “in developing Hindi as the link language, due care should be taken to ensure that it will serve, as provided for in Article 351 of the Constitution, as a medium of expression for all the elements of the composite culture of India. Those who wished to change the three languages may do so in Grade 6, it said, “so long as the study of three languages by students in Hindi-speaking States would continue to include Hindi and English, and one of the modern Indian languages from other parts of India, while the study of languages by students in the non-Hindi-speaking states would include the regional language, Hindi and English.” How did Tamil Nadu react, and what was the Centre’s response?
History of this topic

How NEP is reshaping language policy, assessments, pedagogy in Uttar Pradesh
Hindustan Times
Won't give up two-language policy even if Rs 2,000 cr is lost: Tamil Nadu Minister
India Today
Why is Tamil Nadu at row with Centre over NEP’s three-language formula?
Firstpost
I know 7-8 languages: Rajya Sabha MP Sudha Murty backs three-language policy
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Will intensify protest in Parliament against Hindi imposition: DMK MP
New Indian Express
Chandrababu Naidu says, ‘better to learn Hindi’ amid language row between Centre and Tamil Nadu
India TV News
CM Stalin vs BJP: Why Is the DMK Fighting the Three-Language Policy in Tamil Nadu?
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Congress in tightrope walk over NEP’s third language formula
New Indian Express
NEP’s three-language policy is not about Hindi imposition
Hindustan Times
‘Which 3rd language is taught in North’: MK Stalin questions Centre over NEP
Hindustan Times
All languages are equally important, no Hindi push: Dharmendra Pradhan
India Today
The student and the three language debate
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Hindi vs Native Languages Debate Reveals India’s Hidden Crisis of Multilingualism
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Tamil Nadu BJP To Boycott Stalin-Led Meeting On Delimitation Announces Signature Drive To Support 3-Language Policy
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Tamil Nadu Governor’s Charges Refuted
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Stalin’s bid to divert attention from misgovernance in T.N. has not resonated with anyone: Annamalai
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‘No question of imposing Hindi under NEP’: Union Minister Sukanta Majumdar
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What's the need to learn Hindi? DMK's Kanimozhi on three-language policy row
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Hindi row: What is three-language formula in NEP and why does Tamil Nadu oppose it? Explained in 5 points
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What's NEP’s 3-language policy that MK Stalin says may trigger another 'language war' in Tamil Nadu? Explained
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Stalin trying to turn National Education Policy into a political campaign: Jayant Chaudhary
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A controversy raged in Tamil Nadu in mid-1980s over three-language formula
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NEP does not mandate Hindi: K Annamalai asks why DMK leaders are sending their own children to 3-language schools while depriving common Tamilians of the same
Op India
Tamil Nadu Refuses NEP Language Policy, Risks ₹2,000 Crore Education Funding Loss
The Hindu
Opinion: The 'Three-Language Formula' Row Between Tamil Nadu & Centre, And A Possible Way Out
ABP News
An open letter to Union Education Minister Dharmendra Pradhan
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Why is the three-language policy controversial? | Explained
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Tamil Nadu rejects three-language policy, calls it backdoor attempt to enforce NEP
New Indian Express
Palaniswami calls three-language formula ‘unnecessary’, asks Centre to release funds
The Hindu
Hindi row: TN will never accept 3-language policy, says Udhayanidhi Stalin after Dharmendra Pradhan’s criticism
Live Mint
'Myopic view': Education minister on Tamil Nadu opposing 3-language policy
India Today
Hindi ’imposition’ row: Why Tamil Nadu and Centre are at loggerheads again – ‘those who accepted stand to lose…’
Live Mint
Tamil Nadu CM MK Stalin ups the ante on Hindi language row, ’If imposing is a must…’
Live Mint
How the two-language policy officially came into force in the State of Madras
The Hindu
T.N. govt. will not accept three-language policy under any circumstance: Udhayanidhi
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Recognising territorial links to languages essential for Indian federalism
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The debate on the national language
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TN govt. reiterates two-language policy, asks Governor to clear NEET legislation
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'What Harm In Teaching Hindi As A Third Language?' Madras High Court Asks Tamil Nadu Government In Plea For NEP Implementation
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Policy lessons in Tamil Nadu’s language formula
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Denying Students Option to Learn Hindi Amounts to Modern-day Untouchability, Says Tamil Nadu BJP Chief
News 18
CISF Officer Asked If I’m Indian For Not Knowing Hindi: Kanimozhi
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Language of unity: on rejection of the three-language formula
The Hindu
Tamil Nadu CM should reconsider his views on three-language formula, says BJP
Firstpost
Tamil Nadu rejects three-language formula in new NEP, will follow existing two-language policy
Firstpost
'3-Language Formula Saddening': TN CM Rejects NEP, Seeks Permission from PM to Modify
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T.N. Chief Minister rejects three-language formula in National Education Policy
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Three-language formula: No language to be imposed on any state, assures HRD Ministry
India Today
When Annadurai endorsed the three-language formula
The Hindu
Hindi 'imposition' debate: Schools can play key role in promoting integration through 3-language formula
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