20 years of the 2004 tsunami: What triggered the deadly waves in the Indian Ocean?
India TodayOn December 26, 2004, a catastrophic event unfolded in the Indian Ocean, triggered by one of the largest earthquakes ever recorded. The undersea megathrust earthquake, known as the Sumatra-Andaman earthquake, struck with a magnitude of 9.1 to 9.3, causing a devastating tsunami that impacted coastal regions across several countries, including India, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, and Thailand. This vertical displacement of the ocean floor displaced an enormous volume of water—estimated at around one trillion tonnes—leading to the generation of tsunami waves that travelled at speeds of up to 900 kilometres per hour. The tsunami struck Indonesia first, devastating coastal towns like Banda Aceh with waves that reached heights of over 30 feet. The tragedy highlights the need for improved tsunami detection and warning systems globally, leading to significant advancements in disaster preparedness and response strategies in subsequent years.