Tunisia protest marks two years since president’s power grab
1 year, 5 months ago

Tunisia protest marks two years since president’s power grab

Al Jazeera  

Opposition has kept up its demonstrations against what it calls a ‘coup’ against Tunisia’s democracy. About 300 protesters have rallied in Tunis to mark the second anniversary of President Kais Saied’s adoption of sweeping powers and to demand the release of 20 detained opposition figures. The opposition has kept up its protests against Saied despite the arrest in February of more than 20 opposition, media and business figures on charges of “conspiracy against state security”. “Decree by decree, blow by blow, President Saied and his government have dramatically undermined respect for human rights in Tunisia since his power grab in July 2021,” Amnesty International’s Middle East and North Africa director, Heba Morayef, said in a statement. “In doing so, he has stripped away basic freedoms that Tunisians fought hard to earn and fostered a climate of repression and impunity.” Ayachi al-Hamami, a human rights activist, lawyer and opposition figure, told Al Jazeera that under Saied’s rule, the judiciary is in its “most miserable” state since the country’s independence in 1956.

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History of this topic

Tunisia’s president wins second term after cracking down on the opposition
2 months, 2 weeks ago

Tunisia’s president wins second term after cracking down on the opposition

LA Times  

Kais Saied joins his supporters Sunday in the capital, Tunis, after provisional results for the presidential elections were announced. Tunisian President Kais Saied won reelection in a landslide victory after a campaign season that saw his opponents jailed alongside journalists, activists and attorneys. The North African country’s Independent High Authority for Elections said Monday evening that Saied had won 90.7% …

Tunisia's President Kais Saied Wins Re-Election Despite Opposition Crackdown
2 months, 2 weeks ago

Tunisia's President Kais Saied Wins Re-Election Despite Opposition Crackdown

Associated Press  

Tunisia's President Kais Saied won re-election in a landslide victory, securing 90.7% of the vote. His closest challenger, businessman Ayachi Zammel, won 7.4%. The election was marred by the arrests of several declared challengers and the ongoing incarceration of his most prominent right-wing and Islamist critics.

Democracy may be at stake in Tunisia's presidential election
2 months, 2 weeks ago

Democracy may be at stake in Tunisia's presidential election

NPR  

Democracy may be at stake in Tunisia's presidential election Could this weekend's election in Tunisia sound the death knell for democracy in its third presidential election since the Arab spring? BEARDSLEY: Freedom bred democracy was the slogan of the revolution, says Monica Marks, professor of Middle East politics at New York University. BEARDSLEY: So when Saied shuttered the Parliament in …

The presidential campaign season in Tunisia is officially underway a day after protests
3 months, 1 week ago

The presidential campaign season in Tunisia is officially underway a day after protests

Associated Press  

TUNIS, Tunisia — The official start of the presidential campaign season in Tunisia began on Saturday, a day after Tunisians took their anger to the streets of the capital to decry what protesters say is the deteriorating state of the country. More than a decade later, Ben Abdelslam said he was worried about the growing number of political figures who’ve …

Why is Tunisia’s Administrative Court at odds with its electoral authority?
3 months, 2 weeks ago

Why is Tunisia’s Administrative Court at odds with its electoral authority?

Al Jazeera  

Many are crying foul over electoral body’s dismissal of court’s ruling reinstating rivals of President Saied on the presidential ballot. Three of them – former ministers Imed Daimi and Mondher Znaidi and opposition leader Abdellatif Mekki – won their appeals of the ISIE’s decision before the Administrative Court last week. “By disregarding the Administrative Court’s rulings, the electoral commission is …

Tunisia’s electoral authority approves just 2 candidates to challenge Saied. 1 has been detained
3 months, 3 weeks ago

Tunisia’s electoral authority approves just 2 candidates to challenge Saied. 1 has been detained

Associated Press  

TUNIS, Tunisia — Tunisia’s electoral authority on Monday definitively approved just two candidates to challenge President Kais Saied in elections next month in the struggling North African country — and one of them was promptly arrested. Also Monday, Tunisia’s electoral authority confirmed that only incumbent Saied, Zammel, who leads a small pro-business party, and Zouhair Maghzaoui, a former left-wing pan-Arabist …

Tunisian Opposition figure Abir Moussi sentenced to two years amid crackdown ahead of October election
4 months, 2 weeks ago

Tunisian Opposition figure Abir Moussi sentenced to two years amid crackdown ahead of October election

The Hindu  

A potential Presidential candidate in Tunisia has been sentenced to two years in prison, marking another setback to the country’s fledgling Opposition challenging President Kais Saied as he seeks a new term. Ms. Moussi’s lawyer Nafaa Laribi told The Associated Press on Tuesday that she still intends to run in the October 6 Presidential election, and that, unlike other candidates, …

Tunisian President Kais Saied to seek reelection in October after tumultuous first term
5 months ago

Tunisian President Kais Saied to seek reelection in October after tumultuous first term

Associated Press  

Tunisia’s President Kais Saied said Friday that he will run for a second term, making a long-expected announcement while many of his potential opponents languish in prison on charges their attorneys have described as politicized. Saied, a 66-year-old former law professor, rose to power in 2019, capitalizing on anger against politicians who failed to fulfill the promises of the revolution …

Tunisia’s opposition says politically motivated arrests and gag orders are chilling election efforts
5 months, 1 week ago

Tunisia’s opposition says politically motivated arrests and gag orders are chilling election efforts

Associated Press  

TUNIS, Tunisia — Leading opposition parties in Tunisia asserted Wednesday that politically motivated arrests and gag orders are creating impossible conditions for holding democratic elections later this year. Leaders of Ennahda and other parties in the Front described recent arrests and limitations on those planning to challenge Saied a “suffocation in terms of freedoms, human rights and basic rights for …

‘Down with dictatorship’: Tunisians rally against gov’t crackdown on media
7 months ago

‘Down with dictatorship’: Tunisians rally against gov’t crackdown on media

Al Jazeera  

Demonstration comes after two Tunisian commentators critical of President Saeid were sentenced to prison. Several hundred Tunisians have marched through the capital, Tunis, chanting “down with the dictatorship” as they protested a spate of arrests under a presidential decree critics say is being used to stifle dissent. Two Tunisian media figures received one-year jail sentences in recent days after making …

‘Regime machinery operating efficiently’ as Tunisia cracks down on dissent
7 months, 1 week ago

‘Regime machinery operating efficiently’ as Tunisia cracks down on dissent

Al Jazeera  

Supporters denounce arrests of lawyers, journalists as ‘wave of repression’ shows no sign of slowing down. “The regime’s machinery is operating very efficiently, meaning it devours anyone who has a critical perspective on the situation, … lawyers, journalists, bloggers, citizens or associations,” Romdhane Ben Amor of the Tunisian Forum for Economic and Social Rights said. “The Tunisian authorities have managed …

Tunisian opposition wants political prisoners freed before taking part in presidential election
7 months, 3 weeks ago

Tunisian opposition wants political prisoners freed before taking part in presidential election

Associated Press  

TUNIS, Tunisia — Tunisia’s main opposition coalition said Tuesday it won’t take part in the North African country’s upcoming presidential election unless President Kais Saied’s political opponents are freed and judicial independence is restored. More than 20 political opponents have been charged or imprisoned since Saied consolidated power in 2021 by suspending parliament and rewriting the country’s constitution. The National …

Tunisia commemorates anniversary of the 2011 revolution. Opposition decries democratic backsliding
11 months, 1 week ago

Tunisia commemorates anniversary of the 2011 revolution. Opposition decries democratic backsliding

Associated Press  

TUNIS, Tunisia — Thirteen years after they toppled the country’s longtime dictator, Tunisians are protesting President Kais Saied for ushering in what they see as democratic backsliding, blaming him for quashing the aims of the revolution that kicked off the Arab Spring in 2011. “After a successful start, Tunisia’s democratic transition today has broken down,” Ahmed Chebbi, the president of …

Families of imprisoned Tunisian dissidents turn to the International Criminal Court seeking justice
1 year, 2 months ago

Families of imprisoned Tunisian dissidents turn to the International Criminal Court seeking justice

Associated Press  

TUNIS, Tunisia — Family members of seven imprisoned Tunisian opposition figures took their quest for justice on Thursday to the International Criminal Court, announcing plans to ask the tribunal to investigate claims of political persecution and human rights violations by President Kais Saied’s administration. However, Saied’s government has cracked down on opponents and jailed dissidents, including opposition leader Rached Ghannouchi …

Despite multiple crises, Tunisia’s president still has his supporters
1 year, 4 months ago

Despite multiple crises, Tunisia’s president still has his supporters

Al Jazeera  

Economic crisis and political repression have pushed many away, but Saied is still backed by some. Since suspending the country’s parliament and dismissing its prime minister and government in July 2021 – moves his opponents considered a “coup” – the president has ruled directly. Away from the gaze of the public, a storekeeper, who gave his name as Mahmoud Tounsi …

Tunisians protest president’s expanding powers and demand release of all jailed political opponents
1 year, 4 months ago

Tunisians protest president’s expanding powers and demand release of all jailed political opponents

Associated Press  

TUNIS, Tunisia — Despite scorching heat, opposition demonstrators gathered on Tuesday on the main thoroughfare in Tunisia’s capital to denounce policies pursued by President Kaïs Saied, two years to the day after he suspended parliament in the first step of a gradual rollback of Tunisia’s democratic freedoms. Hundreds of people joined the protest by a coalition of opposition parties and …

Tunisia protesters demand release of ‘political prisoners’
1 year, 6 months ago

Tunisia protesters demand release of ‘political prisoners’

Al Jazeera  

Some 300 protesters gathered in Tunis demanding the release of former ministers, businessmen and other opposition members in custody. Up to 300 protesters, many carrying photographs of people they called “political prisoners”, gathered in defence of the former ministers, business figures and others held since February. “They are imprisoned because they exercised their legitimate right to dissent,” Ahmed Nejib Chebbi, …

Tunisia a ‘ticking time bomb’ as Saied cracks down on opposition
1 year, 7 months ago

Tunisia a ‘ticking time bomb’ as Saied cracks down on opposition

Al Jazeera  

Experts and relatives of detained politicians raise alarm on the government’s heavy hand. Anas Altikriti, head of the Cordoba Foundation think tank which focuses on relations between the Muslim world and Western nations, said at Thursday’s forum in London that while the so-called Arab Spring was one of the “most transformative moments of this century”, events now in Tunisia are …

More than 100 academics call for Ghannouchi’s release in Tunisia
1 year, 7 months ago

More than 100 academics call for Ghannouchi’s release in Tunisia

Al Jazeera  

In an open letter, 150 signatories call for the release of opposition leader Ghannouchi, saying his arrest is part of a ‘witch hunt’. Dozens of academics and public figures have signed an open letter calling for the release of jailed Tunisian opposition leader Rached Ghannouchi, who was arrested late last month, pending a trial. The 150 signatories in Wednesday’s open …

Tunisia’s moderate Islamist leader sentenced in absentia to year in prison
1 year, 7 months ago

Tunisia’s moderate Islamist leader sentenced in absentia to year in prison

Associated Press  

TUNIS, Tunisia — A court has sentenced moderate Tunisian Islamist leader Rached Ghannouchi to a year in prison for allegedly referring to police officers as tyrants in what his party said Tuesday amounted to a sham trial. Ghannouchi, 81, founder of the Ennahdha party, has refused to be removed from his place of detention for questioning or to attend Monday’s …

Biden urged to halt US aid to Tunisia over ‘authoritarian turn’
1 year, 7 months ago

Biden urged to halt US aid to Tunisia over ‘authoritarian turn’

Al Jazeera  

Nearly two dozen advocates, academics and ex-officials also call on US to impose sanctions against President Kais Saied. Washington, DC – Academics, rights advocates and former diplomats in the United States have called on President Joe Biden to suspend aid to Tunisia and impose sanctions on its leaders to halt what they called the North African country’s “dramatic turn” towards …

Arrests of Tunisia opposition leaders draw global condemnation
1 year, 8 months ago

Arrests of Tunisia opposition leaders draw global condemnation

Al Jazeera  

The US says the arrests ‘represent a troubling escalation by the Tunisian government against perceived opponents’. In a statement on Wednesday, the US government said the arrest on Monday of former Speaker of Parliament Ghannouchi and the closure of the Ennahdha party headquarters “are fundamentally at odds with the principles Tunisians adopted in a constitution,” State Department deputy spokesperson Vedant …

Tunisian opposition defies protest ban, rallies against president
1 year, 9 months ago

Tunisian opposition defies protest ban, rallies against president

Al Jazeera  

Hundreds of opposition supporters march through the streets to demand that President Kais Saied step down. Hundreds of opposition supporters in Tunisia have defied a protest ban and demanded the release of more than 20 prominent figures opposed to the president who have been arrested in recent weeks. The National Salvation Front coalition combines Tunisia’s biggest party, the Ennahdha, the …

Tunisian union holds biggest protest yet against president
1 year, 9 months ago

Tunisian union holds biggest protest yet against president

Firstpost  

Many thousands of protesters filled Habib Bourguiba Avenue, the main street in central Tunis, holding banners that read “No to one-man rule” and chanting “Freedom! Tunis: Tunisia’s powerful UGTT labour union rallied in the capital on Saturday in what appeared to be the biggest protest yet against President Kais Saied, staging a show of strength after his recent crackdown on …

Trade union protests against Tunisia president after crackdown
1 year, 9 months ago

Trade union protests against Tunisia president after crackdown

Al Jazeera  

The powerful Tunisian General Labour Union has rallied in the country’s capital, mobilising thousands of supporters against President Kais Saied in a demonstration of its strength after his recent crackdown on opponents. Thousands of supporters of powerful @UGTT_TN union are protesting against #Tunisia president Kais Saied pic.twitter.com/c7Cprjr7vb — Tarek Amara March 4, 2023 Saied has denied his actions were a …

Amid crackdown on dissent, Tunisian leader turns on migrants
1 year, 10 months ago

Amid crackdown on dissent, Tunisian leader turns on migrants

Associated Press  

TUNIS, Tunisia — Tunisian authorities on Thursday said they have arrested dozens of migrants near the Algerian border, two days after Tunisia’s increasingly authoritarian leader claimed there’s a plot to erase his country’s identity by bringing in sub-Saharan Africans. President Kais Saied said Tuesday that “urgent measures” were needed to address the entry of irregular immigrants from sub-Saharan countries, “with …

Tunisia police arrest prominent figures as crackdown continues
1 year, 10 months ago

Tunisia police arrest prominent figures as crackdown continues

Al Jazeera  

The arrests come amid a continuing crackdown on critics of President Kais Saied. Tunisian police arrested two prominent opposition leaders and surrounded the house of another critic of President Kais Saied, according to their relatives and lawyers. Chaima Aissa, leader of the National Salvation Front, and opposition figure Issam Chebbi were arrested by police on Wednesday. Issam Chebbi is the …

Tunisia arrests more prominent critics of President Saied
1 year, 10 months ago

Tunisia arrests more prominent critics of President Saied

Al Jazeera  

Detentions come amid a wave of arrests targeting politicians and other critics of the government. Tunisian police have arrested two more prominent opponents of President Kais Saied and the head of a radio station that has broadcast criticism of the president. Police raided the house of Noureddine Bhiri, a senior official in the biggest opposition party Ennahdha and a prominent …

Another uprising is in the making in Tunisia
1 year, 10 months ago

Another uprising is in the making in Tunisia

Al Jazeera  

President Saeid’s decision to turn to the IMF to save Tunisia’s economy will sound the death knell for his authoritarian regime. When Saeid assumed absolute power in a coup two years later, Tunisia’s economy was on the brink of collapse – poverty and unemployment were rising, inflation was skyrocketing, corruption and clientelism were still pervasive and debts to predatory multinational …

Thousands protest in Tunisia against president’s rule
1 year, 11 months ago

Thousands protest in Tunisia against president’s rule

Associated Press  

TUNIS, Tunisia — Thousands of protesters angry at Tunisia’s economic crisis and the president’s increasingly authoritarian drift marched on Saturday through the capital, responding to a call from opposition parties to mark 12 years since Tunisian protesters unleashed Arab Spring uprisings around the region. Prominent opposition politician Ahmed Nejib Chebbi said “Tunisia’s salvation can only come through Kais Saied’s departure.” …

Tunisia: Anti-gov’t protests take place on revolution anniversary
1 year, 11 months ago

Tunisia: Anti-gov’t protests take place on revolution anniversary

Al Jazeera  

Demonstrators in Tunis marked 12 years since the Arab Spring revolution erupted across the region. Protesters are also marking 12 years since the Arab Spring revolution erupted across the region. The central Avenue Habib Bourguiba – the artery of the capital, Tunis, and a key site for the revolution – was crowded on Saturday with thousands of protesters waving Tunisian …

Tunisia opposition says hit by politically motivated probes
1 year, 11 months ago

Tunisia opposition says hit by politically motivated probes

The Hindu  

The main coalition against Tunisian President Kais Saied said Tuesday his administration was using the judiciary to close down opposition to his rule, after several inquiries were opened against its members. Mr. Chebbi said that any "Tunisian who has an independent opinion or is part of the opposition is a criminal as far as Kais Saied is concerned". A lawyer …

Tunisian Islamist party protests arrest of senior leader
2 years ago

Tunisian Islamist party protests arrest of senior leader

Associated Press  

TUNIS, Tunisia — Supporters of the Tunisian Islamist movement Ennahda demonstrated on Friday in front of the Justice Ministry in the capital to denounce the arrest of one of its senior leaders, suspected of being involved in sending Tunisians to fight with extremists in Syria. Protesters demanded the release of former Prime Minister Ali Larayedh, vice president of Ennahda, saying …

Tunisia’s election: The beginning of the end for Saeid
2 years ago

Tunisia’s election: The beginning of the end for Saeid

Al Jazeera  

The election, seen as a sham by most in the country, did nothing to defuse the tensions that will likely lead to the downfall of President Kais Saeid’s authoritarian regime. Tunisia’s December 17 parliamentary election, the first since Tunisian President Kais Saied’s July 2021 power grab turned the country into a de-facto dictatorship, proved to be a sham as expected. …

Tunisians are voting in an election critics say could cement a return to autocracy
2 years ago

Tunisians are voting in an election critics say could cement a return to autocracy

NPR  

Tunisians are voting in an election critics say could cement a return to autocracy toggle caption Claire Harbage/NPR SIDI BOUZID, TUNISIA — It was in the center of this city in central Tunisia that a wave of Arab uprisings was set off with one desperate act. Enlarge this image toggle caption Claire Harbage/NPR Claire Harbage/NPR It's why Wasseem Jday is …

Opposition hopes democratic ideals can return in Tunisia
2 years ago

Opposition hopes democratic ideals can return in Tunisia

Al Jazeera  

As overseas voting begins, voter apathy is palpable and begs the question if the spirit of democracy in Tunisia is dead. Ghannouchi has dismissed the moves against him and his party as “tyranny” and evidence of what they call Saied’s “coup”, a characterisation the president rejects. “It feels like the party has been effectively criminalised, we can’t speak,” Ounissi said, …

Tunisians protest against Saied ahead of parliamentary elections
2 years ago

Tunisians protest against Saied ahead of parliamentary elections

Al Jazeera  

Opponents say a vote on December 17 under the country’s new constitution is illegitimate and are calling for a boycott. Hundreds of Tunisians have taken to the streets to protest against President Kais Saied a week before parliamentary elections are set to take place under a new constitution. Speakers at the protest, including senior politicians from opposition parties, said the …

Tunisian protesters denounce ‘coup’, demand president steps down
2 years, 2 months ago

Tunisian protesters denounce ‘coup’, demand president steps down

Al Jazeera  

Thousands protest in Tunis, accusing President Saied of a power grab and demanding accountability for economic crisis. Thousands of Tunisians have demonstrated in the capital Tunis, denouncing President Kais Saied’s moves to consolidate political power and demanding accountability for the country’s long-running economic crisis. “We have a president who is only interested in power.” Thousands of Tunisian protesters are demanding …

Burkina Faso’s coup and political situation: All you need to know
2 years, 2 months ago

Burkina Faso’s coup and political situation: All you need to know

Al Jazeera  

New military leader Traore says Paul-Henri Damiba was removed due to his inability to deal with a worsening armed uprising in the country. On September 30, Burkina Faso military leader President Paul-Henri Damiba was deposed in the country’s second coup in a year, as army Captain Ibrahim Traore took charge, dissolving the transitional government and suspending the constitution. On January …

Tunisia detains former PM Ali Laarayedh after 14-hour questioning
2 years, 3 months ago

Tunisia detains former PM Ali Laarayedh after 14-hour questioning

Al Jazeera  

Ali Laarayedh was interrogated for 14 hours and is expected to appear before a judge on Wednesday, his lawyers said. Tunisia’s anti-terrorism police have detained Ali Laarayedh, a former prime minister and senior official in the Ennahdha party, a move the opposition party have called a “political attack” by the country’s president. Laarayedh, who was prime minister from 2013 to …

Tunisian president trims parties’ powers ahead of elections
2 years, 3 months ago

Tunisian president trims parties’ powers ahead of elections

Associated Press  

TUNIS, Tunisia — Tunisian President Kais Saied has made new changes to electoral law that diminish the role of political parties, three months ahead of legislative elections, in what opposition groups see as the latest step in a sweeping power grab. A new electoral law published overnight Friday reduces the number of members of the lower house of parliament from …

Tunisian president’s new electoral law reduces parties’ sway
2 years, 3 months ago

Tunisian president’s new electoral law reduces parties’ sway

Al Jazeera  

Meanwhile, the Tunisian government and main labour union sign a deal to boost wages in an attempt to ease social tensions. Tunisia’s president issued an electoral law reducing but not ending the role of political parties in a reformed parliament that will have fewer powers under a constitution passed in July. The main parties across Tunisia’s political spectrum have already …

Strangling Tunisia’s democracy
2 years, 4 months ago

Strangling Tunisia’s democracy

The Hindu  

On August 16, the results of the referendum on the amendments to the national constitution proposed by Tunisian president Kais Saied were formally endorsed by the election commission, effectively terminating the country’s brief encounter with a democratic order. In December 2021, Mr. Saied announced a “road map” for political change — online “consultations” on constitutional reform, a committee to propose …

After the referendum: The challenges of a power grab in Tunisia
2 years, 4 months ago

After the referendum: The challenges of a power grab in Tunisia

The Hindu  

The story so far:Tunisian voters have approved a new Constitution that would turn the country back into a presidential system, institutionalising the one-man reign of President Kais Saied, who suspended the elected Parliament and awarded more powers to himself last year. While Mr. Saied has welcomed the result, his critics have warned that the new Constitution would erase whatever democratic …

Tunisian officials say new constitution passed in vote with low turnout
2 years, 4 months ago

Tunisian officials say new constitution passed in vote with low turnout

The Hindu  

A new Tunisian constitution giving far more power to President Kais Saied passed in a referendum with a 30.5% turnout, the electoral commission said on Tuesday, tightening his grip in what critics fear is a march to a new era of autocracy. The commission said 95% of voters approved the constitution in Monday's referendum boycotted by opposition groups, which accuse …

Police arrest leading gay activist in crackdown on Tunisia rally
2 years, 5 months ago

Police arrest leading gay activist in crackdown on Tunisia rally

Al Jazeera  

Tunis, Tunisia – Police have arrested a leading gay rights campaigner in a violent pushback against young people during a rally against the upcoming referendum on the Tunisian president’s newly proposed constitution. Police violently shoved protesters marching on Friday in a vocal but peaceful demonstration as they headed towards the Ministry of Interior in the centre of Tunis to demonstrate …

Hundreds protest against Tunisia draft constitution as vote looms
2 years, 5 months ago

Hundreds protest against Tunisia draft constitution as vote looms

Al Jazeera  

Older and younger generations march in Tunis to reject President Kais Saied’s draft constitution, days ahead of a referendum. Tunis, Tunisia – Hundreds of people have rallied in Tunis to protest against a draft constitution proposed by President Kais Saied, two days before a planned referendum on the charter. A member of the executive committee of the National Salvation Front …

Tunisian president seeks more powers in new constitution
2 years, 5 months ago

Tunisian president seeks more powers in new constitution

Associated Press  

TUNIS, Tunisia — Tunisian President Kais Saied on Friday unveiled a new draft constitution that would bestow broad powers on the president and curtail the authority of the prime minister and parliament. Several organizations, including the powerful UGTT central trade union, have deplored the absence of a public dialogue in preparing the new constitution that they have dubbed “the Constitution …

Tunisia’s president, opposition battle over who will fold first
2 years, 6 months ago

Tunisia’s president, opposition battle over who will fold first

Al Jazeera  

Tunisia is approaching a crossroads as President Kais Saied continues to clash with growing opposition to his proposed new constitution. He believes that “the manner in which Saied has targeted the state’s institutions, the body blow that he delivered to the judiciary and his successful infiltration and effective takeover of the farmer’s union, means that the UGTT now believes that …

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