Evolution of jurisprudence around capital punishment, its procedures
Hindustan TimesThe Supreme Court last month decided to test the validity of hanging by the neck as the method of executing death sentence in India, stating that the method can be declared unconstitutional if there is scientific material favouring a different method of execution as less painful and “more consistent with human dignity”. Over the years, there has been a constant evolution of jurisprudence on varying aspects of the validity of the capital punishment and the procedure surrounding it, but it is the only second time in the last four decades when the apex court has agreed to examine if the mode of executing death sentence meets the requirements of the constitutional right to die with dignity and the test of proportionality. In 2003, the law commission, under the chairmanship of former Supreme Cout judge M Jagannadha Rao, submitted its 187th Report on ‘Mode of Execution of Death and Incidental Matters’, focussed on the method of execution, process of eliminating differences in opinions among Supreme Court judges on passing a death sentence, and need to provide a right of appeal on death sentences. It added that the use of lethal injections has “gained the dubious distinction of having the highest rate of botched executions within the United States between 1900 and 2010.” Granting an effective hearing to Malhotra’s petition after almost three years, the CJI-led bench last month agreed with the 1983 ruling that the court is not going to tell the legislature which method of execution should be in the statute, but added that it could still ascertain the validity of the existing mode of execution on the anvil of the constitutional right to dignity in death — both in the process of execution and the manner of it.