US default on $31.46 trillion debt may lead to global crisis: Treasury chief
1 year, 7 months ago

US default on $31.46 trillion debt may lead to global crisis: Treasury chief

Hindustan Times  

U.S. Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen on Thursday urged Congress to raise the $31.4 trillion federal debt limit and avert an unprecedented default that would trigger a global economic downturn and risk undermining U.S. global economic leadership. "It would also risk undermining U.S. global economic leadership and raise questions about our ability to defend our national security interests." Yellen said she would also work with her G7 counterparts to build greater economic resilience in the longer term by boosting domestic production of critical goods and helping developing countries expand their stake in global supply chains. Yellen said the work would build on the $600 billion in investments underway through the G7 Partnership for Global Infrastructure and Investment, which aims to mobilise private capital for infrastructure projects in developing countries.

Global Japan Congress Economic Debt Developing Countries Treasury Republican Countries Biden Lead Yellen Ust  debt  crisis  raise  g7  economic  meeting  3146  default  global  yellen  countries  economy  chief  trillion  treasury  lead

History of this topic

House approves funding bill, sends to Senate hours before government shutdown deadline
3 days, 1 hour ago

House approves funding bill, sends to Senate hours before government shutdown deadline

New Indian Express  

The new 118-page package would fund the government at current levels through March and adds $100 billion in disaster aid and $10 billion in agricultural assistance to farmers. The federal debt limit expires Jan. 1, and Trump doesn't want the first months of his new administration saddled with tough negotiations in Congress to lift the nation's borrowing capacity. “Congress must …

Trump just handed Democrats an 'enticing' policy offer — and they should take it: analyst
3 days, 23 hours ago

Trump just handed Democrats an 'enticing' policy offer — and they should take it: analyst

Raw Story  

President-elect Donald Trump is demanding as part of the spending package the GOP is trying to force through that the debt ceiling be extended — or possibly abolished altogether, which Democrats have broadly rejected as a ploy to allow new tax breaks for billionaires. But not so fast, columnist Heather Long wrote for The Washington Post — Trump's proposal is …

Inflation, debt, default: Donald Trump’s second term poses massive economic challenges
1 month, 2 weeks ago

Inflation, debt, default: Donald Trump’s second term poses massive economic challenges

Live Mint  

As Donald Trump begins his second term, several key challenges lie ahead. The growing debt burden has already affected investor confidence, sending U.S. government bond yields higher as market participants worry about the long-term sustainability of U.S. fiscal policy. Previous debt ceiling standoffs have pushed the U.S. close to default, and there is concern that the political divide in Washington …

Key US economic data raises global concerns
4 months, 1 week ago

Key US economic data raises global concerns

China Daily  

An American flag flies outside of the US Capitol dome in Washington, US, Jan 15, 2020. "The high debt level can cause significant problems if economic conditions worsen," Ke Jing, associate research professor at the Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences' Institute of International Relations, said. The US abuse of financial sanctions due to dollar hegemony and the high national debt …

Key US economic data raises global concerns
4 months, 1 week ago

Key US economic data raises global concerns

China Daily  

An American flag flies outside of the US Capitol dome in Washington, US, Jan 15, 2020. "The high debt level can cause significant problems if economic conditions worsen," Ke Jing, associate research professor at the Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences' Institute of International Relations, said. The US abuse of financial sanctions due to dollar hegemony and the high national debt …

Rising US debt risk bad for its own and global economy
5 months, 3 weeks ago

Rising US debt risk bad for its own and global economy

China Daily  

A teller counts and arranges dollar notes at an Agricultural Bank of China branch in Qionghai, Hainan province. The International Monetary Fund recently warned that the excessive fiscal deficit and debt scale of the United States are posing a growing risk to its own and the global economy, urging the US to solve this long-standing problem as soon as possible. …

Key GOP economic talking point destroyed by new analysis
5 months, 4 weeks ago

Key GOP economic talking point destroyed by new analysis

Raw Story  

National debt has for decades been a go-to issue Republicans try to use to persuade voters against supporting social programs — an issue that has crept back to the forefront with new reports that annual interest payments serving the national debt now exceed what the U.S. spends on its military. According to the report, former President Donald Trump's contribution to …

Biden signs debt ceiling bill that pulls US back from brink of unprecedented default
1 year, 6 months ago

Biden signs debt ceiling bill that pulls US back from brink of unprecedented default

Associated Press  

WASHINGTON — With just two days to spare, President Joe Biden signed legislation on Saturday that lifts the nation’s debt ceiling, averting an unprecedented default on the federal government’s debt. Instead of holding a public ceremony with lawmakers from both parties — showcasing the bipartisanship that Biden had cited in an Oval Office address on Friday evening — the president …

Biden set to sign debt ceiling bill that averts prospect of unprecedented federal default
1 year, 6 months ago

Biden set to sign debt ceiling bill that averts prospect of unprecedented federal default

The Hindu  

President Joe Biden is expected to sign legislation on Saturday to raise the debt ceiling, dodging Monday's deadline when the Treasury warned that the United States would start running short of cash to pay all its bills. The agreement was hashed out by Mr. Biden and House Speaker Kevin McCarthy, giving Republicans some of their demanded federal spending cuts but …

Biden signs debt ceiling bill, pulling US from brink of default
1 year, 6 months ago

Biden signs debt ceiling bill, pulling US from brink of default

Al Jazeera  

With just two days to spare, President Joe Biden has signed legislation that lifts the nation’s debt ceiling, averting an economically disastrous default on the federal government’s debt. “We’re protecting important priorities from Social Security to Medicare to Medicaid to veterans to our transformational investments in infrastructure and clean energy.” Even as he pledged to continue working with Republicans, Biden …

Explained: How 'odd pair', Joe Biden and Kevin McCarthy, helped avert US debt default
1 year, 6 months ago

Explained: How 'odd pair', Joe Biden and Kevin McCarthy, helped avert US debt default

Firstpost  

Like bomb squad technicians who just snipped the last wire on a ticking device, Joe Biden and top Republican Kevin McCarthy are breathing a sigh of relief after reaching a deal on the US debt ceiling. On 27 May 2023, Biden and McCarthy reached a debt ceiling deal to avert US default. Biden is a Democratic president running for re-election …

U.S. Congress approves debt-limit suspension, averting default
1 year, 6 months ago

U.S. Congress approves debt-limit suspension, averting default

The Hindu  

The U.S. Senate on June 1 passed bipartisan legislation backed by President Joe Biden that lifts the government's $31.4 trillion debt ceiling, averting what would have been a first-ever default. "We are avoiding default tonight," Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer said on June 1 as he steered the legislation through his 100-member chamber. ‘Time is a Luxury’ Republicans had blocked …

What is the US debt ceiling and what is in the Biden-McCarthy deal?
1 year, 6 months ago

What is the US debt ceiling and what is in the Biden-McCarthy deal?

The Telegraph  

What is the US debt ceiling? Congress passes new spending bills that will increase the debt level, but the debt ceiling is not raised until it is about to be breached. Past debt ceiling fights have typically ended with a hastily arranged agreement in the final hours of negotiations, thus avoiding a default. “That’s the responsibility of governing.” The agreement …

Deal to raise debt ceiling passes US Senate, heads to Biden
1 year, 6 months ago

Deal to raise debt ceiling passes US Senate, heads to Biden

Al Jazeera  

The vote comes as the US hurtles towards a June 5 deadline to raise the government borrowing limit or face default. The United States Senate has voted to approve a bipartisan deal that would increase the country’s debt ceiling, clearing the bill’s last major hurdle before it reaches the desk of President Joe Biden. Still, Senators like Maine’s Susan Collins …

America’s debt-ceiling deal means it should now avoid Armageddon
1 year, 6 months ago

America’s debt-ceiling deal means it should now avoid Armageddon

Hindustan Times  

Even in a sharply divided Washington, DC, politics-as-usual sometimes works. The consequences of a debt default, the first in America’s modern history, would be dire: the shock from disruption in the biggest sovereign-debt market, accounting for about one-third of the global total and underpinning pricing in financial markets everywhere, threatened to reverberate through every economy around the world. The gravity …

US debt limit deal: How we got here
1 year, 6 months ago

US debt limit deal: How we got here

Al Jazeera  

Bipartisan deal to raise debt ceiling and avoid ‘disastrous’ default heads to US Congress after weeks-long impasse. The agreement negotiated by Biden and Republican House Speaker Kevin McCarthy would suspend the debt ceiling for two years and cap government spending during the same period. In April, McCarthy put forward a bill to raise the debt ceiling that would advance key …

Debt Limit deal explained: How will it impact US economy, polls and people
1 year, 6 months ago

Debt Limit deal explained: How will it impact US economy, polls and people

Hindustan Times  

The recent agreement between President Joe Biden and House Republicans regarding the debt limit and spending has sparked discussions and debates. Biden and House Speaker Kevin McCarthy reached a final agreement Sunday on a deal to raise the nation's debt ceiling while trying to ensure enough Republican and Democratic votes to pass the measure in the coming week. Non-defense Spending …

US debt ceiling deal: the key takeaways
1 year, 6 months ago

US debt ceiling deal: the key takeaways

Raw Story  

President Joe Biden and House Republicans have reached a deal to raise the government's debt ceiling and avert a devastating default. The crux of it Formally known as the Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023, the bill provides for an increase to the debt ceiling of $31.4 trillion for two years, meaning Biden will crucially not need to negotiate it again …

Key takeaways from Biden and McCarthy's debt ceiling deal
1 year, 6 months ago

Key takeaways from Biden and McCarthy's debt ceiling deal

Firstpost  

There’s a nervous air in the United States as the deadline to increase the debt ceiling approaches. On Saturday, they reached a crucial agreement to raise the government’s debt ceiling, avoiding a disastrous default. AFP Unspent COVID money The deal would also take back some funding that Congress allocated for the coronavirus pandemic but did not spend. A statement from …

Opinion: Don't call the debt-ceiling deal a success. It shouldn't have been a crisis at all
1 year, 6 months ago

Opinion: Don't call the debt-ceiling deal a success. It shouldn't have been a crisis at all

LA Times  

Hous Speaker Kevin McCarthy speaks with reporters about the debt-ceiling negotiations as he arrives at the Capitol on Friday. Here’s what would make this whole mess worth it: Adding a provision to repeal or neutralize the World War I-era law that created the debt limit in the first place. Biden, ever the tradition-bound deal-maker, said last October as Democrats talked …

As per your politics, debt ceiling plan is good or a ‘disaster’
1 year, 6 months ago

As per your politics, debt ceiling plan is good or a ‘disaster’

Al Jazeera  

While some of the US Congress’s most conservative members are not happy with the deal, business groups gave it a thumbs-up. She called the debt ceiling agreement a “terrible policy” Sunday on CNN’s State of the Union programme. I told the president that directly, when he called me last week on Wednesday, that this is saying to poor people and …

What’s next on the debt ceiling: Selling the plan and making a deal into a law
1 year, 6 months ago

What’s next on the debt ceiling: Selling the plan and making a deal into a law

Associated Press  

WASHINGTON — After weeks of negotiations, President Joe Biden and House Speaker Kevin McCarthy have announced an “ agreement in principle ” to raise the nation’s debt ceiling and avoid a potentially catastrophic default. A look at what’s next as Congress rushes to pass an agreement: FINALIZING THE DEAL Speaking to reporters in the Capitol late Saturday, McCarthy said the …

Biden, GOP Reach Tentative Deal To Raise Debt Ceiling, Avoid Calamitous US Default
1 year, 6 months ago

Biden, GOP Reach Tentative Deal To Raise Debt Ceiling, Avoid Calamitous US Default

Huff Post  

LOADING ERROR LOADING WASHINGTON — President Joe Biden and House Speaker Kevin McCarthy reached an “agreement in principle” to raise the nation’s legal debt ceiling late Saturday as they raced to strike a deal to limit federal spending and avert a potentially disastrous U.S. default. Biden called the agreement “good news for the American people, because it prevents what could …

Debt ceiling explained: What to know about the showdown in Washington as default looms
1 year, 6 months ago

Debt ceiling explained: What to know about the showdown in Washington as default looms

Associated Press  

WASHINGTON — House Republicans still do not have a deal with President Joe Biden to raise the debt ceiling as the nation is a little more than a week away from a potentially catastrophic default. Louisiana Rep. Garret Graves, one of McCarthy’s negotiators, told reporters that “Democrats right now are willing to default on the debt” over their opposition to …

US debt ceiling has catastrophic effects- 83 lakh job losses, world recession I EXPLAINED
1 year, 6 months ago

US debt ceiling has catastrophic effects- 83 lakh job losses, world recession I EXPLAINED

India TV News  

US Debt ceiling row: Amid the looming catastrophic recession, US President Joe Biden and House Speaker Kevin McCarthy are narrowing in on a two-year budget deal aiming to curb federal deficits in exchange for lifting the nation’s debt ceiling and staving off an economically devastating government default. White House estimates say a prolonged default could cause 8.3 million job losses …

Where do things stand as the US rolls back debt ceiling deadline?
1 year, 6 months ago

Where do things stand as the US rolls back debt ceiling deadline?

Al Jazeera  

US Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen says the agency will run out of funds to meet financial obligations by June 5. Congress is tasked with increasing the nation’s debt ceiling, and Republican legislators have used their majority in the US House of Representatives as leverage to demand cuts to social programmes in exchange for a ceiling increase as a default looms …

‘Time’s up’: Deal on US debt ceiling close as default looms
1 year, 6 months ago

‘Time’s up’: Deal on US debt ceiling close as default looms

Al Jazeera  

A default could upend global financial markets and push the United States into a major recession. US President Joe Biden and top congressional Republican Kevin McCarthy are closing in on a deal that would raise the government’s $31.4 trillion debt ceiling for two years while capping spending on most programmes, news reports say. The potential agreement would increase funding for …

Threat of US credit downgrade looms over debt ceiling talks
1 year, 6 months ago

Threat of US credit downgrade looms over debt ceiling talks

Associated Press  

WASHINGTON — With one of three major rating agencies warning that America’s AAA credit is at risk, the stakes are growing in the standoff in Washington over raising the nation’s debt limit. But Yellen has warned that Treasury will likely run out of money to meet all its obligations as soon as June 1, which is being described as the …

US on the debt ledge, will it fall?
1 year, 7 months ago

US on the debt ledge, will it fall?

Firstpost  

June 1, the earliest date by which the US could default is just a little over a week away. Meanwhile, “extraordinary measures” have been adopted by the US Treasury Department to maintain cash flow till the “hard deadline”, but without an agreement in Congress to raise the limit Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen has warned that the US may not meet …

'Productive' Talks No Deal Yet: What Is US Debt Ceiling, Over Which US Lawmakers Have Locked Horns?
1 year, 7 months ago

'Productive' Talks No Deal Yet: What Is US Debt Ceiling, Over Which US Lawmakers Have Locked Horns?

ABP News  

US President Joe Biden and Republican House Speaker Kevin McCarthy have called their latest round of negotiations on the debt ceiling “productive”, but they still haven’t reached a deal to avoid looming debt default. The US Treasury departments websites say that the debt limit is the total amount of money that the United States government is authorised to borrow to …

Joe Biden, House Speaker McCarthy fail to break the ice on debt ceiling deal
1 year, 7 months ago

Joe Biden, House Speaker McCarthy fail to break the ice on debt ceiling deal

India Today  

US President Joe Biden and House Speaker Kevin McCarthy could not reach an agreement on Monday on how to raise the US government's $31.4 trillion debt ceiling with just 10 days before a possible default that could sink the American economy, but vowed to keep talking. The Democratic president and the top congressional Republican have struggled to make a deal, …

What happens if US fails to resolve its debt ceiling crisis? All possibilities listed
1 year, 7 months ago

What happens if US fails to resolve its debt ceiling crisis? All possibilities listed

Hindustan Times  

In a crucial development amid the looming US debt crisis, President Joe Biden is set to meet with House Speaker Kevin McCarthy on Monday to negotiate a resolution. US President Joe Biden will meet with Republican House Speaker Kevin McCarthy on Monday for another round of talks on raising the US debt ceiling less than two weeks before a key …

What it would mean for the global economy if the US defaults on its debt
1 year, 7 months ago

What it would mean for the global economy if the US defaults on its debt

Associated Press  

WASHINGTON — If the debt crisis roiling Washington were eventually to send the United States crashing into recession, America’s economy would hardly sink alone. Because the dollar’s dominance has made it the de facto global currency since World War II, it’s relatively easy for the United States to borrow and finance an ever-growing pile of government debt. “Even though we …

US Debt ceiling row: Biden, McCarthy to meet aiming to avert potentially chaotic federal default
1 year, 7 months ago

US Debt ceiling row: Biden, McCarthy to meet aiming to avert potentially chaotic federal default

India TV News  

US debt ceiling row: President Joe Biden and House Speaker Kevin McCarthy are to meet Monday afternoon at the White House at a pivotal moment as Washington works to strike a budget compromise and raise the nation’s borrowing limit in time to avert a potentially chaotic federal default. “That is why we go from crisis to crisis.” Republicans have insisted …

What it would mean for the global economy if the U.S. defaults on its debt
1 year, 7 months ago

What it would mean for the global economy if the U.S. defaults on its debt

LA Times  

People take in the twilight view in the business district of Beijing. If the debt crisis roiling Washington were eventually to send the United States crashing into recession, America’s economy would hardly sink alone. “A debt default would be a cataclysmic event, with an unpredictable but probably dramatic fallout on U.S. and global financial markets,’’ said Eswar Prasad, professor of …

US debt ceiling impasse continues, attacks escalate as deadline draws near
1 year, 7 months ago

US debt ceiling impasse continues, attacks escalate as deadline draws near

India Today  

President Joe Biden's administration and congressional Republicans traded barbs on Saturday over raising the federal $31.4 trillion debt ceiling, with both sides casting the other's proposals as too extreme. White House Press Secretary Karine Jean-Pierre noted in a statement that Biden and Republican House of Representatives Speaker Kevin McCarthy had agreed that any budget agreement would need to be bipartisan …

Trump tells GOP no deal on debt ceiling unless 'they get everything they want'
1 year, 7 months ago

Trump tells GOP no deal on debt ceiling unless 'they get everything they want'

Raw Story  

Former President Donald Trump on Friday piled pressure on House Speaker Kevin McCarthy to default on the national debt and wreck the American economy unless Democrats cave and give Republicans "everything they want." In an all-caps Truth Social post, the former president laid out a stark choice for Republicans as they try to negotiate a way to raise the national …

Republican says US debt-ceiling talks to resume
1 year, 7 months ago

Republican says US debt-ceiling talks to resume

Al Jazeera  

Republican House Leader Kevin McCarthy said in a TV interview that negotiations with the administration of US President Joe Biden over the US debt ceiling will resume this evening after a temporary pause earlier in the day rattled financial markets. Earlier on Friday, McCarthy’s lead negotiator and Biden’s representatives had temporarily paused talks, sparking concern in financial market as the …

'America will not default,' says Biden amid debt-ceiling crisis; likely to hold trilateral meet in Japan during G7
1 year, 7 months ago

'America will not default,' says Biden amid debt-ceiling crisis; likely to hold trilateral meet in Japan during G7

India Today  

President Joe Biden on Wednesday asserted his confidence in overcoming the ongoing debt ceiling crisis in the US, and said he is sure the country will avoid an unprecedented and potentially catastrophic debt default, saying talks with congressional Republicans have been productive. “I’m confident that we’ll get the agreement on the budget and America will not default,” Biden said from …

Biden, McCarthy push forward towards deal on US debt ceiling
1 year, 7 months ago

Biden, McCarthy push forward towards deal on US debt ceiling

India Today  

President Joe Biden and top US congressional Republican Kevin McCarthy on Wednesday underscored their determination to reach a deal soon to raise the federal government's $31.4 trillion debt ceiling and avoid an economically catastrophic default. READ | As US debt crisis peaks, Biden to skip Australia, Papua New Guinea trip; only to attend G7 summit in Japan Republicans, who control …

Biden declares ‘America will not default,’ says he’s confident of budget deal with GOP lawmakers
1 year, 7 months ago

Biden declares ‘America will not default,’ says he’s confident of budget deal with GOP lawmakers

Associated Press  

WASHINGTON — An optimistic President Joe Biden declared Wednesday he is confident the U.S. will avoid an unprecedented and potentially catastrophic debt default, saying talks with congressional Republicans have been productive. “I’m confident that we’ll get the agreement on the budget and America will not default,” Biden said from the Roosevelt Room of the White House. But Biden said of …

Debt limit progress as Biden, McCarthy name top negotiators to avert national default
1 year, 7 months ago

Debt limit progress as Biden, McCarthy name top negotiators to avert national default

Associated Press  

WASHINGTON — Debt-limit talks shifted into an encouraging new phase Tuesday as President Joe Biden and House Speaker Kevin McCarthy named top emissaries to negotiate a deal to avert an unprecedented national default. “But I made it clear to the speaker and others that we’ll speak regularly over the next several days and staff’s going to continue meeting daily to …

Biden, top Republican say confident debt default will be averted
1 year, 7 months ago

Biden, top Republican say confident debt default will be averted

Al Jazeera  

Experts say a default would be catastrophic for US economy, but political standoff has persisted as deadline looms. United States President Joe Biden and the Republican speaker of the US House of Representatives have both said they were optimistic the country would avert a potentially catastrophic default on its debt commitments, even as negotiations remain ongoing. Both Biden and Speaker …

Biden Shortens Asia Trip To Deal With GOP Debt Ceiling Demands
1 year, 7 months ago

Biden Shortens Asia Trip To Deal With GOP Debt Ceiling Demands

Huff Post  

President Joe Biden and Vice President Kamala Harris host congressional leaders, including Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell and House Speaker Kevin McCarthy, for a meeting about the debt limit Tuesday in Washington. Chip Somodevilla via Getty Images WASHINGTON — A White House effort to counter China’s increasing influence in the western Pacific on Tuesday became the first casualty of Republican …

Job cuts, no Social Security checks: How consumers could be pinched by a US government default
1 year, 7 months ago

Job cuts, no Social Security checks: How consumers could be pinched by a US government default

Associated Press  

WASHINGTON — All the hand-wringing in Washington over raising the debt limit can seem far removed from the lives of everyday Americans, but they could end up facing huge consequences. The bill would also reclaim billions of unspent COVID-19 funding, eliminate clean energy tax credits Biden signed into law last year and reverse his student debt forgiveness and repayment plan. …

What to expect as the US continues with debt ceiling negotiations
1 year, 7 months ago

What to expect as the US continues with debt ceiling negotiations

Al Jazeera  

Republican lawmakers continue to insist on cuts to social programmes as US debt default looms on the horizon. “Every single day that Congress does not act, we are experiencing increased economic costs that could slow down the US economy,” Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen said on Tuesday. But officials confirmed on Tuesday that he would return over the weekend, nixing previous …

More red ink: Congressional budget agency projects bigger deficits as debt talks continue
1 year, 7 months ago

More red ink: Congressional budget agency projects bigger deficits as debt talks continue

Associated Press  

WASHINGTON — This year’s projected government budget deficit has jumped by $130 billion, due in part to a proposed change to student loan repayment plans and a series of bank rescues organized by federal regulators, the Congressional Budget Office said Friday. Revenue collections through April were lower than the agency expected, resulting in a projected budget deficit of $1.5 trillion …

Debt ceiling worries deepen as early June US default reinforced
1 year, 7 months ago

Debt ceiling worries deepen as early June US default reinforced

Al Jazeera  

The CBO warned a default could come as early as June 1 and there was ‘significant risk’ the US could not pay its dues. The Washington standoff over raising the United States government’s $31.4 trillion borrowing limit is adding to global economic worries, as a new non-partisan congressional report has cited a “significant risk” of a historic default within the …

This time, the debt ceiling crisis really could end in disaster
1 year, 7 months ago

This time, the debt ceiling crisis really could end in disaster

LA Times  

The last time the U.S. government went to the brink of defaulting on its debt — in 2011 — the stock market tumbled and there was something close to a panic across the economy before Washington came to its senses and cut a deal. And it doesn’t have to come to a full-fledged default for the government and millions of …

Debt limit fight: Biden meeting with Congress leaders put off until next week; staff talks proceed
1 year, 7 months ago

Debt limit fight: Biden meeting with Congress leaders put off until next week; staff talks proceed

Associated Press  

WASHINGTON — President Joe Biden’s meeting Friday with congressional leaders on the debt limit crisis was abruptly postponed to next week, with staff-level talks making progress and expected to continue through the weekend, the White House and congressional aides said Thursday. “I say to the Republicans out there — congressmen, senators — if they don’t give you massive cuts, you’re …

Discover Related