Cancer vaccines are showing promise at last
Live MintTOWARDS THE end of the 19th century William Coley, a surgeon in New York, made a surprising observation. Today it is driving efforts to create a new generation of therapies known as “cancer vaccines" that aim to train the immune system to recognise tumours and fight their spread. Some of these mutations in cellular DNA cause cancer cells to produce abnormal proteins, known as neoantigens, which can set the immune system’s alarm bells ringing. The idea behind a cancer vaccine, then, is to introduce these neoantigens directly into the body, thereby training the immune system to see any cancer that carries them as a foreign body, ripe for elimination. A personalised mRNA cancer vaccine for melanoma developed by Moderna and Merck, two American pharma firms, known as mRNA-4157, recently completed phase 2 trials in patients who have had advanced tumours surgically removed.