Has multilateralism run out of steam?
The emergence of the multipolar world order in the 21st century has witnessed a proliferation of minilaterals like Quad that brings together Australia, India, Japan, and the United States, the AUKUS or the I2U2. Hampered by persistent differences among the major powers or the five permanent members of the UN Security Council on key international issues, the UN-led multilateral bodies have been unable to respond effectively to emerging global challenges like the Covid-19 pandemic, the climate crisis, ransomware attacks and the debt crisis in the developing economies. With a broader representation and wider convergence, the G20 can bridge the perennial challenge afflicting multilateralism – how to advance cooperation while accounting for member states’ diverse and divergent worldviews. The idea termed ‘reformed multilateralism’ aims to develop a new framework, ‘Multilateralism 2.0.’ By focusing on issues usually classified under ‘low politics’ like food security, clean energy and digital cooperation, India intends to show that the process of multilateralism, if pursued in the right spirit and focused on narrower goals, can deliver.
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