How the RBI's digital currency can help economy
2 years ago

How the RBI's digital currency can help economy

Live Mint  

Readers of a certain age group might remember Ramon Bonus Stamps. What's driving FIIs’ bullish bets on Nifty IIT-K student hits record ₹4 cr placement jackpot Story takes a turn for PVR, Inox Leisure after a flop Q2 How young Indian couples budget for their weddings Imagine different currencies competing for dominance in usage without any sovereign backing. That is the background to why many central banks are wading into cyberspace to issue blockchain-based tokens, also called central bank digital currencies. The Bank for International Settlements reports that more than 50 central banks are planning to issue CBDCs worldwide, and in three years, nearly 20% of all currency could be digital cash. This is different from payments interfaces like India’s UPI, which are just mechanisms that instantly move money among bank accounts.

India Bank Digital Bitcoin Currency Central Fiat Currencies Cbdc Digital Cash  rbis  tokens  stamps  points  economy  help  currency  central  currencies  cash  bank  bitcoin  digital

History of this topic

Governments and banks once mocked Bitcoin. Now they want in on it
2 days, 17 hours ago

Governments and banks once mocked Bitcoin. Now they want in on it

Al Jazeera  

After topping $100,000, Bitcoin supporters see the cryptocurrency soaring even higher. Despite once labelling Bitcoin “a scam”, Trump has emerged as arguably the world’s most powerful advocate for the asset. “There’s now this growing feeling that the 21st century will be the century of Bitcoin.” Keiser spotted Bitcoin’s potential early on and advised people to buy it when its value …

Why Shaktikanta Das was rated among world’s top central bankers, 6 big feats in 6 years
1 week, 6 days ago

Why Shaktikanta Das was rated among world’s top central bankers, 6 big feats in 6 years

Firstpost  

Shaktikanta Das’s tenure as RBI governor ended today. Das also hoped that Malhotra would carry forward RBI initiatives such as the Central Bank Digital Currency and unified lending interface and promote financial inclusion. ‘RBI, Finance Ministry perspectives can differ at times’ Das said that during his tenure as the RBI governor, there was a productive and cooperative relationship between India’s …

Cyber-Secure India: A Collective Effort to Protect Citizens from Digital Crimes
1 month, 2 weeks ago

Cyber-Secure India: A Collective Effort to Protect Citizens from Digital Crimes

Hindustan Times  

Cybersecurity is a top priority for the Indian government, with the country witnessing a surge in digital connectivity and a corresponding rise in cybercrimes. However, authorities have been proactive in safeguarding citizens from these threats, disconnecting fraudulent mobile connections and blocking over ₹2,400 crore in suspicious transactions. The government has also launched an indigenously developed International Incoming Spoofed Calls Prevention …

RBI’s Digital Rupee: Google, PhonePe, Amazon Pay, Cred, and Mobikwik To join digital currency pilot project
4 months, 2 weeks ago

RBI’s Digital Rupee: Google, PhonePe, Amazon Pay, Cred, and Mobikwik To join digital currency pilot project

The Hindu  

Google, PhonePe, Amazon Pay, Cred and Mobikwik are looking to join Indian central bank’s digital currency project by offering transactions in e-rupee, a digital alternative to the physical currency. The news comes as transactions using the digital currency reached over a million a day last year, however, they have declined ever since, to about 100,000-200,000 a day. However, in April …

RBI’s digital rupee must leap over many hurdles for wider adoption
6 months, 1 week ago

RBI’s digital rupee must leap over many hurdles for wider adoption

Live Mint  

The Reserve Bank of India has been striving to boost the adoption of its Retail-Central Bank Digital Currency or e-rupee. RBI is also aiming to onboard more non-bank payment service operators and make the e-rupee inter-operable with India’s Unified Payments Interface. Despite having clearly defined use-cases for their country-specific CBDCs, these pilot projects suffered from weak internet connectivity and poor …

RBI To Make Digital Currency Available Offline
7 months, 2 weeks ago

RBI To Make Digital Currency Available Offline

Deccan Chronicle  

Mumbai: The Reserve Bank of India Governor Shaktikanta Das on Monday said the central bank is considering testing Central Bank Digital Currency in commercial papers and certificates of deposits on a pilot basis. Das said that the central bank has been working on making CBDC transferable offline, introducing programmability features and promoting financial inclusion. “We are working on making CBDC …

E-rupee boost: RBI to enhance role of digital currency, allow non-bank operators to offer CBDC wallets
8 months, 2 weeks ago

E-rupee boost: RBI to enhance role of digital currency, allow non-bank operators to offer CBDC wallets

Hindustan Times  

In his statement released today, the Reserve Bank of India Governor, Shaktikanta Das, has indicated the central bank’s interest in enhancing the scope of digital currency in India. The RBI Governor said the central bank was looking to promote CBDC and that too by enhacing its scope through Non-bank Payment System Operators and thereby boost retail use. It is proposed …

Former RBI deputy governor flags potential privacy issues for CBDCs
9 months, 1 week ago

Former RBI deputy governor flags potential privacy issues for CBDCs

The Hindu  

India’s Central Bank Digital Currency, known as the Digital Rupee, could entail resistance on civil rights grounds due to transactions being traceable, former Reserve Bank of India deputy governor Rama Subramaniam Gandhi said on Thursday at the Asia Pacific E-Commerce Policy Summit here. Current governor Shaktikanta Das dismissed these concerns, insisting that even though CBDCs would be used for digital …

Crypto currencies have no underlying value, says RBI official
10 months, 1 week ago

Crypto currencies have no underlying value, says RBI official

The Hindu  

Crypto currencies cannot be referred to as "currencies" as they have no underlying value, a central bank official said. "Crypto currencies cannot be called currencies as they don't have any underlying value," P Vasudevan, an executive director at the RBI, said during a panel discussion organised by IIM-Kozhikode here. Ultimately it is a call that the government has to take …

Central Bank Digital Currencies Are Redefining Digital Money
10 months, 1 week ago

Central Bank Digital Currencies Are Redefining Digital Money

The Quint  

The Reserve Bank of India, in a forward-looking move, decided to extend the pilot program for the digital rupee. This extension reflects the central bank’s commitment to exploring and harnessing the potential of central bank digital currencies. Private players who dominate the digital payments market have simplified life for the world population with innovations like e-money, online transactions, mobile banking, …

Beyond OTP: RBI looking for other authentication methods
10 months, 1 week ago

Beyond OTP: RBI looking for other authentication methods

New Indian Express  

Also, the central bank’s strict measures for authentication make it easier for customers who are afraid of being defrauded during an internet use to conduct their businesses without fear. This has played an important role in financial inclusion by enabling customers to make digital payment transactions through service providers such as business correspondents. Mandatory due diligence for AePS service providers …

RBI Monetary Policy: New changes announced to electronic trading platforms, digital payments
10 months, 2 weeks ago

RBI Monetary Policy: New changes announced to electronic trading platforms, digital payments

New Indian Express  

The Reserve Bank of India today released a major policy statement outlining several developmental and regulatory initiatives covering financial markets, regulations pertaining to lending institutions, and payment systems including digital currency and fintech. On the financial markets front, RBI announced that it will comprehensively review the existing regulatory guidelines for Electronic Trading Platforms that enable transactions in financial instruments regulated …

De-weaponizing the dollar
10 months, 2 weeks ago

De-weaponizing the dollar

China Daily  

BRICS is spearheading a new cross-border payment system using digital currencies to break away from Western dominance WANG XIAOYING/CHINA DAILY The United Arab Emirates and China completed the first cross-border payment using the digital dirham on Jan 30. The fact that the most advanced technology for using digital currencies has been created in developing countries illustrates that countries in the …

India need not rush in where the US dares to go
11 months ago

India need not rush in where the US dares to go

Hindustan Times  

On January 10, the US securities market regulator, the Securities and Exchange Commission allowed 11 spot Bitcoin exchange-traded funds to list and trade on the stock market. In a statement issued the day he cleared the Bitcoin ETFs, he wrote: “Though we’re merit neutral, I’d note that the underlying assets in the metals ETFs have consumer and industrial uses, while …

Indian banks offer incentives to lift RBI’s e-rupee: Report
1 year, 1 month ago

Indian banks offer incentives to lift RBI’s e-rupee: Report

Live Mint  

Digital Rupee: In a bid to boost volums in RBI's e-rupee transactions, Indian banks are offering incentives for using the central bank digital currency. HDFC Bank leads Informing about the initiatives taken by HDFC Bank to boost RBI's e-rupee transactions, country head for payments, liability products, consumer finance and marketing, Parag Rao said that India's largest private lender has rolled …

RBI likely to start digital rupee pilot in call money market by next month
1 year, 3 months ago

RBI likely to start digital rupee pilot in call money market by next month

India TV News  

The Reserve Bank of India is likely to introduce the pilot of the Central Bank Digital Currency for transactions for the interbank borrowing or call money market by October, said central bank Executive Director Ajay Kumar Choudhary on Sunday. The pilot for the wholesale Central Bank Digital Currency known as the Digital Rupee-Wholesale was launched on November 1, 2022. RBI …

SBI, six other bank customers can scan UPI QR code and pay via digital rupee
1 year, 3 months ago

SBI, six other bank customers can scan UPI QR code and pay via digital rupee

Live Mint  

The State Bank of India has become the seventh bank to implement UPI interoperability in its Digital Rupee also called Central Bank Digital Currency. “This cutting-edge feature, accessible through the 'eRupee by SBI' application will empower SBI CBDC users to effortlessly scan any merchant UPI QR code for swift and secure transactions,” SBI said in a statement. How bank customers …

Digital Rupee CBDC RBI Governor Shaktikanta Das Can Prove To Be Game Changer For Cross-Border Payments:
1 year, 3 months ago

Digital Rupee CBDC RBI Governor Shaktikanta Das Can Prove To Be Game Changer For Cross-Border Payments:

ABP News  

In a recent keynote address at the G20 TechSprint Finale, Reserve Bank of India Governor Shaktikanta Das drew attention to the challenges surrounding cross-border payments, emphasising the issues of high costs and slow transaction speeds. Das indicated that the central bank digital currency — dubbed Digital Rupee — instant-settlement feature could offer a viable solution to these challenges. Despite advancements …

Crypto India Tax PMLA State Future Regulation RBI CBDC Digital Rupee ABP Live TV
1 year, 3 months ago

Crypto India Tax PMLA State Future Regulation RBI CBDC Digital Rupee ABP Live TV

ABP News  

Crypto is often called the "Internet of Value" and for good reason. Here’s Why Crypto Could Prove Important To India Remittances: A Game Changer India holds the global top spot for remittance receipts, raking in approximately $80 billion annually. Crypto and decentralised technologies are not merely optional but vital to safeguarding India's national sovereignty. Enterprise Adoption A consortium of 15 …

Limited Support, Lack Of Understanding Around CBDCs, CFA Survey Finds
1 year, 4 months ago

Limited Support, Lack Of Understanding Around CBDCs, CFA Survey Finds

ABP News  

The CFA Institute, a global association for bankers, investors, and finance professionals, recently conducted an extensive survey on central bank digital currencies, revealing limited support and a lack of understanding surrounding digital currencies like the digital dollar, euro, yen, or pound. While countries like the Bahamas and Nigeria have already introduced CBDCs, approximately 130 other nations, representing 98 per cent …

Central-bank digital currencies are talked about more than coming to fruition
1 year, 5 months ago

Central-bank digital currencies are talked about more than coming to fruition

Live Mint  

In 1992 the Bank of Finland, the country’s central bank, launched a curious card called Avant. The money stored on an Avant card was backed by the Bank of Finland rather than a commercial bank, which made it, the bank claims, the world’s first central-bank digital currency. Declining cash usage, the rise of cryptocurrencies and Facebook’s possible launch of a …

CBDC Pilot Expanded, To Include More Banks And Locations, Says RBI
1 year, 6 months ago

CBDC Pilot Expanded, To Include More Banks And Locations, Says RBI

ABP News  

The Reserve Bank of India on Tuesday said the scope of the Central Bank Digital Currency pilot is being expanded gradually to include more banks and locations. The pilot began with four banks -- State Bank of India, ICICI Bank, Yes Bank and IDFC First Bank -- while four other banks -- Bank of Baroda, Union Bank of India, HDFC …

Digital Rupee: RBI Aims To Expand Use Cases, Features Of Retail, Wholesale CBDC
1 year, 6 months ago

Digital Rupee: RBI Aims To Expand Use Cases, Features Of Retail, Wholesale CBDC

News 18  

The Reserve Bank of India targets to expand the use cases and features of CBDC-Retail and CBDC-Wholesale, according to the central bank’s annual report released on Tuesday. “During 2023-24, the Reserve Bank aims at expanding the ongoing pilots in CBDC-Retail and CBDC-Wholesale by incorporating various use cases and features. “As the Reserve Bank embarks upon the journey of realising the …

Digital Rupee: RBI launches expand e-Rupee pilot to include more banks
1 year, 6 months ago

Digital Rupee: RBI launches expand e-Rupee pilot to include more banks

Live Mint  

The Reserve Bank of India wants to expand the ongoing pilot of the Central Bank Digital Currency and incorporate various use cases and features in 2023-24. In its annual report for 2022-2023, the central bank said, "During 2023-24, the Reserve Bank of India aims at expanding the ongoing pilots in CBDC-Retail and CBDC-Wholesale by incorporating various use cases and features." …

Federal Reserve’s payment service FedNow would not replace cash
54 years, 11 months ago

Federal Reserve’s payment service FedNow would not replace cash

Associated Press  

CLAIM: The Federal Reserve is launching a digital currency app, FedNow, that will eliminate physical cash. It’s not a form of currency, nor is it a move towards eliminating cash, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System stated. In recent days, social media users have misrepresented the service, claiming it is a step towards “getting rid of physical …

Understanding the current state of crypto assets in India
1 year, 8 months ago

Understanding the current state of crypto assets in India

Live Mint  

It is a sweeping wave for some and a conundrum for others but crypto is the new buzzword in the world of investment finance. On the whole, the government seems to be accepting crypto and the underlying blockchain technology rather than casting them away as ‘risky’ or even ‘banning’ them. Banking is still not a breeze given RBI’s concerns The …

Central bank digital currency simplest fix for banking
1 year, 8 months ago

Central bank digital currency simplest fix for banking

China Daily  

Last year, the Nobel Prize in Economics went to two economists who study the dynamics of bank runs, as well as to former US Federal Reserve chair Ben Bernanke for his work analyzing how central banks have dealt with some of history's worst banking crises, such as those in the Great Depression of the 1930s. A country's monetary authority could …

RBI asks banks, NBFCs to promote digital payments
1 year, 9 months ago

RBI asks banks, NBFCs to promote digital payments

The Hindu  

The Reserve Bank of India has unveiled “Har Payment Digital” as part of Digital Payments Awareness Week 2023 to make every person in India a user of digital payments. Stating that payment systems in India have witnessed over 1000 crore transactions every month since December 2022, he said “This speaks volumes of the robustness of our payments ecosystem and acceptance …

E-Rupee to be piloted by 5 more banks in 9 more cities soon
1 year, 10 months ago

E-Rupee to be piloted by 5 more banks in 9 more cities soon

The Hindu  

Five more banks will join the pilot on the central bank digital currency or e-rupee for retail customers and the project will be extended to nine additional cities, the Reserve Bank said on Wednesday. The Reserve Bank, which began piloting the central bank digital currency or e-rupee for retail customers in early December with eight banks in five cities, stressed …

Watch: Anand Mahindra buys fruits using e-rupee
1 year, 10 months ago

Watch: Anand Mahindra buys fruits using e-rupee

Live Mint  

India’s central bank – the Reserve Bank of India introduced e-rupee digital currency pilot on December 1, 2022. Mahindra & Mahindra chairperson Anand Mahindra has recently shared a video on microblogging site Twitter where the billionaire can be seen putting the digital currency to use. “At the Reserve Bank’s board meeting today I learned about the @RBI digital currency-the e-rupee. …

Digital currency to further bolster digital economy, make payment system more efficient: RBI
1 year, 10 months ago

Digital currency to further bolster digital economy, make payment system more efficient: RBI

India TV News  

RBI Executive Director Ajay Kumar Choudhary on Wednesday the digital currency will further bolster the digital economy, make the payment system more efficient and reduce the cost involved in physical cash management. Central Bank Digital Currency The RBI has already launched pilots of CBDC in wholesale and retail segments last year. He said the key motivation for exploring the issuance …

E-Rupee Cannot Be Converted Into Cash Yet, Says RBI Official
1 year, 11 months ago

E-Rupee Cannot Be Converted Into Cash Yet, Says RBI Official

News 18  

Speaking at an event organised by the Indian Merchants’ Chamber, Anuj Ranjan, the chief general manager at the RBI’s fintech department, said that at present eRupee cannot be transformed into cash and vice-versa. Anuj Ranjan said that the central bank will bear costs relating to eRupee as it is part of RBI’s liabilities. One such currency is the digital Yuan …

Digital Rupee: Understanding the risks of using digital currency
1 year, 11 months ago

Digital Rupee: Understanding the risks of using digital currency

Live Mint  

Digital currency is essentially a replacement of conventional paper currency by currency in the form of digital data on a technology-based platform on a mobile device or otherwise. According to Stas Protassov, Co-founder and executive board member, Acronis, one of the risks which exist for most if not all digital currencies is double-spending scams exploiting protocol issues or application software …

Centre earmarks ₹2,600 crore as incentive for banks to promote digital payments
1 year, 11 months ago

Centre earmarks ₹2,600 crore as incentive for banks to promote digital payments

The Hindu  

The Union Cabinet approved an outlay of ₹2,600 crore to promote payments using RuPay cards and the Unified Payments Interface, Union Minister Bhupendra Yadav announced on Wednesday. Banks will be provided this incentive money to promote such digital payments, the Cabinet said in a press release. “The scheme will also promote UPI Lite and UPI 123PAY as economical and user-friendly …

Digital rupee not the magic bullet Central government is hoping for
1 year, 11 months ago

Digital rupee not the magic bullet Central government is hoping for

The Hindu  

Published : Dec 29, 2022 10:30 IST In recent times, the financial world has been in a state of excitement after the Reserve Bank of India announced the launch of the pilot for a retail digital rupee on December 1. Crypto gamble It is to be noted that with the threat of cryptocurrency, which began with Bitcoin in 2009, now …

RBI’s digital rupee useful in overseas payments: IMF
1 year, 11 months ago

RBI’s digital rupee useful in overseas payments: IMF

Deccan Chronicle  

Chennai: India can effectively use a Central Bank Digital Currency as an avenue for cross-border payments in view of high volume of inbound remittance, said the International Mone-tary Fund, adding that international cooperation would be a key factor for its success. The RBI could opt for introducing both a retail and wholesale CBDC, addressing inefficiencies for both retail and wholesale …

Next Financial Crisis Will Come From Private Cryptocurrencies, Says RBI Governor Shaktikanta Das
2 years ago

Next Financial Crisis Will Come From Private Cryptocurrencies, Says RBI Governor Shaktikanta Das

News 18  

RBI Governor Shaktikanta Das on Wednesday said the biggest concern with the private cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin and Ethereum is that they do not have any underlying value, and if they are allowed to grow, the next financial crisis will come from them. If you allow it to grow, the next financial crisis will come from private cryptocurrencies.” Das has in …

Year Ender 2022: Government schemes launched this year
2 years ago

Year Ender 2022: Government schemes launched this year

Firstpost  

To impart world class quality education to the students in the county, the Budget 2022 announced a slew of measures from Digital Ecosystem for Skilling and Livelihood to expanding the One class One TV channel programme to 200 television channels In 2022, the Centre announced several schemes that could benefit the lives of its citizens. From trade settlement in rupees …

Can You Use Digital Rupee Without A Bank Account? Know How Digital Rupee Wallet Works
2 years ago

Can You Use Digital Rupee Without A Bank Account? Know How Digital Rupee Wallet Works

News 18  

India’s central bank digital currency, or digital rupee, has seen the light of the day and is currently in its trial mode to test the robustness of the entire process of its creation, distribution and retail usage in real-time. Now, as the digital rupee is a fungible legal tender issued by the RBI, do users need bank account to use …

Explained: How Reserve Bank's e-rupee is different from UPI?
2 years ago

Explained: How Reserve Bank's e-rupee is different from UPI?

Hindustan Times  

The Reserve Bank of India has recently scaled the pilot of Central Bank Digital Currency or e-rupee for the retail sector. The CBDC or e-rupee is a legal tender money backed by the RBI similar to cash, but for UPI payments, it has to be linked with bank accounts. E-rupee is a legal tender money As the name suggests, the …

CBDC is the UPI Moment for Fintechs: Rise of CBDC and Death of Crypto - News18
2 years ago

CBDC is the UPI Moment for Fintechs: Rise of CBDC and Death of Crypto - News18

News 18  

The fall of fraudulent and failing crypto exchanges is coinciding with the rise of CBDC across the world. CBDC, when programmed to be part of a smart contract, will reduce these layers of paper contracts and checks thus reducing the cost of trade or transactions both local and international. The promise of lower cost and reducing the global banks hegemony …

RBI Monetary Policy: Governor Das Explains Difference Between Digital Rupee And UPI
2 years ago

RBI Monetary Policy: Governor Das Explains Difference Between Digital Rupee And UPI

ABP News  

The Reserve Bank of India on Wednesday clarified the key differences between the Central Bank Digital Currency and Unified Payments Interface. Speaking with the media after the monetary policy announcement, Das said, "Any UPI transaction involves the intermediation of the bank. Further elaborating on CBDC, RBI Deputy governor T Rabi Sankar said that similar to cash, CBDC can enable the …

Don't create 'fear psychosis' on privacy concerns: RBI governor Shaktikanta Das
2 years ago

Don't create 'fear psychosis' on privacy concerns: RBI governor Shaktikanta Das

The Hindu  

Asserting that the newly-introduced Central bank digital currency does not leave any trail with a bank, RBI governor Shaktikanta Das on December 7 said there is no need to create a "fear psychosis" in the minds of people over privacy concerns. The pilot on the wholesale Central bank digital currency has been very satisfactory, and the RBI is keen to …

Explained | Why has the Reserve Bank of India introduced an e-rupee?
2 years ago

Explained | Why has the Reserve Bank of India introduced an e-rupee?

The Hindu  

The story so far: The Reserve Bank of India this week launched the digital rupee on a pilot basis. The digital rupee, or the e-rupee, is a central bank digital currency issued by the RBI. The introduction of central bank digital currencies internationally has worried many who believe that it could disrupt the banking system. A rise in the use …

Experts Explain Benefits And Technological Challenges Of Digital Rupee
2 years ago

Experts Explain Benefits And Technological Challenges Of Digital Rupee

ABP News  

India’s first pilot project on retail digital rupee was rolled out by the Reserve Bank of India on Thursday in Mumbai, New Delhi, Bengaluru, and Bhubaneswar. The retail digital rupee project has started in a closed user group with the participation of four lenders – State Bank of India, ICICI Bank, YES Bank, and IDFC First Bank – as well …

RBI Rolls Out First Pilot Project For Retail Digital Rupee In 4 Cities
2 years ago

RBI Rolls Out First Pilot Project For Retail Digital Rupee In 4 Cities

ABP News  

The Reserve Bank of India on Thursday launched the first pilot project for retail digital rupee in Mumbai, New Delhi, Bengaluru, and Bhubaneswar. The retail digital rupee project has started in a closed user group with the participation of four lenders -- State Bank of India, ICICI Bank, Yes Bank and IDFC First Bank -- as well as customers and …

India's digital rupee fails to excite interest, bankers say
2 years ago

India's digital rupee fails to excite interest, bankers say

The Hindu  

A month into India's pilot project for using an official digital rupee for inter-bank and institutional transactions, stakeholders are seeing no benefits, several bankers said. Indeed, the e-rupee, one of several central bank digital currencies being tried around the world, had a drawback, they said: each trade using it had to be settled individually, whereas trades in the established interbank …

All you need to know about e-Rupee
2 years ago

All you need to know about e-Rupee

Deccan Chronicle  

HYDERABAD: The Reserve Bank of India has launched India’s e-rupee on Thursday, as a pilot covering four cities New Delhi, Mumbai, Bengaluru and Bhubaneswar and will subsequently expand it to nine more cities in the initial phase. Four banks – State Bank of India, Yes Bank, ICICI Bank and IDFC First Bank – will be involved initially in the launch …

RBI to launch Digital Rupee pilot in 4 cities today: Supported banks, and more details
2 years ago

RBI to launch Digital Rupee pilot in 4 cities today: Supported banks, and more details

India Today  

The first pilot of the Reserve Bank of India-issued digital Rupee will begin today, December 1. The central bank earlier this week announced that the digital currency will begin with four banks - State Bank of India, ICICI Bank, Yes Bank and IDFC First Bank in four cities across the country. In a release, RBI stated, "The pilot will test …

Discover Related