‘67% of donations to national parties by unknown sources’
4 years, 10 months ago

‘67% of donations to national parties by unknown sources’

The Hindu  

As much as 67% of donations to national parties in 2018-19 came from “unknown sources,” an increase from 53% in the previous financial year, said a report released by the Association for Democratic Reforms on Monday. Electoral bonds accounted for 78% of the ₹2,512.98 crore, or 67%, income from unknown sources. In its report on national parties’ funds in 2017-2018 released in 2019, the ADR had analysed six parties, except the CPI as details were not available. The report had said 53% of the income of the six parties came from unknown sources.

Congress Parties Income National Parties Unknown Sources  details  adr  parties  sources  unknown  67  party  report  national  donations  crore  income

History of this topic

BRS got over 70% of all donations to regional parties in 2022-23: ADR report
4 days, 19 hours ago

BRS got over 70% of all donations to regional parties in 2022-23: ADR report

The Hindu  

Regional political parties declared the receipt of almost ₹217 crore through 2,119 donations in the financial year 2022-23, according to an analysis of 28 such parties by the Association for Democratic Reforms. About 90% of the donations — more than ₹196 crore — went to five major regional parties: the BRS, YSR-Congress, Telugu Desam Party, Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam, and the …

India Reveals Biggest Donors to Modi’s Party Under Now-Banned Electoral Bond
9 months, 3 weeks ago

India Reveals Biggest Donors to Modi’s Party Under Now-Banned Electoral Bond

Live Mint  

-- Sign up for the India Edition newsletter by Menaka Doshi – an insider's guide to the emerging economic powerhouse, and the billionaires and businesses behind its rise, delivered weekly. Megha Engineering and Infrastructures Ltd. was the largest donor to Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s Bharatiya Janata Party over the past five years, purchasing about 6.7 billion rupees of electoral bonds, …

Propagandists target BJP over Electoral Bonds, ignore Opposition parties benefiting from same
9 months, 4 weeks ago

Propagandists target BJP over Electoral Bonds, ignore Opposition parties benefiting from same

Op India  

As the 2024 Lok Sabha Elections are approaching, the issue of political donations via electoral bonds has surged to the forefront. Days before the General Elections’ dates were announced, the Supreme Court directed the Election Commission of India to publish all the details of donors and political parties that received donations via electoral bonds. Furthermore, regional parties like DMK and …

Electoral bonds: Election commission releases data. Which party received how much? 10 points
9 months, 4 weeks ago

Electoral bonds: Election commission releases data. Which party received how much? 10 points

Hindustan Times  

The Election Commission of India on Sunday released data received from political parties on electoral bonds, which it had given to the Supreme Court in sealed covers, following a directive from the apex court to make it available to the public. The Election Commission of India made data received from political parties on electoral bonds public on Sunday. The election …

Making sense of the electoral bonds data
9 months, 4 weeks ago

Making sense of the electoral bonds data

The Hindu  

In a latest development in the electoral bonds case, the Supreme Court on March 18 asked the State Bank of India to disclose “full details” related to the electoral bonds, including the alphanumeric number that would disclose the link between the buyer and the recipient political party. Among political parties, the Bharatiya Janata Party encashed electoral bonds worth ₹6,060.5 crore …

SC Scraps Electoral Bonds Scheme, but Only After Netas Pocketed Rs 16,000 Crores
10 months, 4 weeks ago

SC Scraps Electoral Bonds Scheme, but Only After Netas Pocketed Rs 16,000 Crores

The Quint  

That’s the amount of money that political parties across the spectrum have pocketed under the secretive electoral bonds scheme since 2018, while petitions languished in the Supreme Court. Party-wise figures available till the end of the financial year 2022-23 show that of the Rs 12,000 crores coming in via the scheme since its inception, over Rs 6,500 crores went to …

SC's electoral bonds scheme verdict: How BJP stands to lose the most?
10 months, 4 weeks ago

SC's electoral bonds scheme verdict: How BJP stands to lose the most?

Hindustan Times  

The Supreme Court, in a landmark judgment on Thursday, delivered a big setback to the Bharatiya Janata Party-led government and annulled the electoral bonds scheme for political funding, saying it violates the Constitutional right to freedom of speech and expression as well as the right to information. All political parties put together received over ₹12,000 crore till last fiscal since …

India’s top court strikes down system for anonymous political donations ahead of national elections
11 months ago

India’s top court strikes down system for anonymous political donations ahead of national elections

Associated Press  

NEW DELHI — India’s top court on Thursday struck down a controversial election funding system that allowed individuals and companies to send unlimited donations to political parties without the need to disclose donor identity, a system critics have long said is undemocratic and favored Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s ruling party. A five-judge constitution bench on the Supreme Court ruled that …

BJP received highest donations amounting to ₹719.858 cr in 2022-23: ADR report
11 months ago

BJP received highest donations amounting to ₹719.858 cr in 2022-23: ADR report

Hindustan Times  

The Bharatiya Janata Party received the highest donations amounting to ₹719.858 crore from 7,945 donors in the 2022-23 fiscal year, a report released by the Association for Democratic Reforms said. Of the total, as many as 3,318 donations to these parties were made by corporate/business sectors amounting to ₹680.495 crore while 8,567 individual donors donated ₹166.621 crore to the parties …

BJP received nearly 90% of all corporate donations to national parties in 2022-23
11 months ago

BJP received nearly 90% of all corporate donations to national parties in 2022-23

The Hindu  

The Bharatiya Janata Party received nearly 90% of all corporate donations worth ₹680.49 crore that five national parties together gathered in 2022-23, according to a report by election watchdog Association for Democratic Reforms. The total donations received by the national parties during 2022-23 increased by ₹91.701 crore, an increase of 12.09% from the previous financial year 2021-22. Donations to the …

54% of BJP’s total income came from electoral bonds
11 months ago

54% of BJP’s total income came from electoral bonds

The Hindu  

The Bharatiya Janata Party received ₹1,294.14 crore through electoral bonds in 2022-23, which was nearly 54% of its total income during the year, and seven times higher than that of its main rival, the Congress party. The ruling party’s total income rose to ₹2,361 crore in the year 2022-23 from ₹1,917 crore in 2021-22, according to the annual audit report …

Congress questions BJP receiving three times more funds than all parties put together through electoral bonds
1 year, 6 months ago

Congress questions BJP receiving three times more funds than all parties put together through electoral bonds

The Hindu  

Demanding transparency and accountability in funding of political parties, the Congress on Friday claimed that 52% of the donations to BJP came in the form of electoral bonds and the amount totalled up to ₹5,200 crore in six financial years. Addressing a press conference, Congress spokesperson Pawan Khera claimed that the BJP got three times more funds than all other …

Electoral Bonds chief source of donations for political parties: Report
1 year, 6 months ago

Electoral Bonds chief source of donations for political parties: Report

The Hindu  

Electoral Bonds were the chief source of donations for political parties, with the BJP garnering the lion’s share. Between 2016-17 and 2021-22, the seven national and 24 regional parties received a total donation of ₹9,188.35 crore from Electoral Bonds out of which the BJP’s share was ₹5,271.9751 crore, while all other national parties together amassed ₹1,783.9331 crore, according to the …

Sanjaya Baru | Political & electoral funding: Transparency in corruption
1 year, 9 months ago

Sanjaya Baru | Political & electoral funding: Transparency in corruption

Deccan Chronicle  

There is no statement more apt to describe the state of affairs when it comes to election financing in India than the saying: “iss hamaam mein sab nangey hain”. Prime Minister Narendra Modi recently described the coming together of several political parties opposed to the Bharatiya Janata Party as a gathering of the “corrupt on one stage”. In 2003, the …

66% of income of 7 national parties in 2021-22 came from electoral bonds, other 'unknown' sources: ADR
1 year, 10 months ago

66% of income of 7 national parties in 2021-22 came from electoral bonds, other 'unknown' sources: ADR

The Hindu  

More than 66% of the total income of seven national parties in 2021-22 came from "unknown sources" like electoral bonds, which accounted for a whopping 83%, according to the Association for Democratic Reforms. The ADR that stated unknown sources include donations via electoral bonds, sale of coupons, relief fund, miscellaneous income, voluntary contributions, and contribution from meetings/morchas. During the financial …

'Capital Gains': In 5 Years, Donations to National Parties up 65%, BJP Got 80% of Total Funds, Shows ECI Data
2 years, 1 month ago

'Capital Gains': In 5 Years, Donations to National Parties up 65%, BJP Got 80% of Total Funds, Shows ECI Data

News 18  

National political parties in India have received Rs 3,807.83 crore as contributions in excess of Rs 20,000 from individual donors and entities between the financial years 2017-18 and 2021-22, and have witnessed a jump of 65 per cent during this period, official Election Commission data analysed by News18 shows. Also, BJP’s total contribution has increased by over 40 per cent …

BJP received Rs 614.53 crore as contributions in 2021-22, Congress Rs 95.46 crore, AAP Rs 44. 54 crore
2 years, 1 month ago

BJP received Rs 614.53 crore as contributions in 2021-22, Congress Rs 95.46 crore, AAP Rs 44. 54 crore

India TV News  

The ruling BJP received Rs 614.53 crore as contributions, more than six times the funds garnered by the opposition Congress during fiscal year 2021-22. The Congress received funds to the tune of Rs 95.46 crore, according to Election Commission data. The Trinamool Congress, which is in power in West Bengal, received Rs 43 lakh as contributions during the period while …

‘Power Money’: Political Parties Got Rs 6,500 Cr through Electoral Bonds from 2017-21, Says ADR
2 years, 1 month ago

‘Power Money’: Political Parties Got Rs 6,500 Cr through Electoral Bonds from 2017-21, Says ADR

News 18  

Political parties received donations worth Rs 6,500 crore through electoral bonds between 2017-18 and 2020-21, of which the Bharatiya Janata Party got Rs 4,238 crore, a new report from the Association for Democratic Reforms shows. “Around 79.91% or Rs 12,842.28 crore of the total income in five years is declared by eight national parties, while the remaining Rs 3,229.32 crore …

Data | Unknown sources of political income spiked after electoral bond entry, BJP cornered lion’s share
2 years, 1 month ago

Data | Unknown sources of political income spiked after electoral bond entry, BJP cornered lion’s share

The Hindu  

Two developments have put the spotlight again on the controversial electoral bond scheme. However, data analysed from the Association of Democratic Reforms’ annual reports reveal that the share of “unknown sources of income” has increased following the introduction of electoral bonds, achieving the opposite of what it was intended to do. The unknown sources include donations below ₹20,000 via electoral …

Data | Anonymous donations to parties in FY21: Congress tops list, BJP close second
2 years, 4 months ago

Data | Anonymous donations to parties in FY21: Congress tops list, BJP close second

The Hindu  

The Association of Democratic Reforms’ analysis of the income-tax returns and donation statements of select national and regional political parties in FY21, shows that 36% of the sources remained anonymous. The national parties and regional parties received ₹427 crore and ₹264 crore worth of funds, respectively, from unknown sources. Almost half the total income of the regional parties was from …

National parties collected ₹15,077 crore from unknown sources between FY 2004-05 and 2020-21: ADR report
2 years, 4 months ago

National parties collected ₹15,077 crore from unknown sources between FY 2004-05 and 2020-21: ADR report

The Hindu  

The national parties have collected more than ₹15,077.97 crore from unknown sources between 2004-05 and 2020-21, an analysis by the poll rights body — Association for Democratic Reforms, showed. The analysis conducted on the basis of the parties' Income Tax Returns and donations statements filed with the Election Commission of India found that between FY 2004-05 and 2020-21, the national …

Over 91% donations declared by regional parties went to these 5 entities: Report
2 years, 5 months ago

Over 91% donations declared by regional parties went to these 5 entities: Report

Live Mint  

More than ₹113.791 crore that accounts for 91% of the total donations received by regional political parties in India have gone to five entities, according to poll rights body Association for Democratic Reforms as quoted by news agency PTI. The report focuses on the total donations declared by regional political parties during FY 2020-21 to the Election Commission of India. …

Donations to national parties plunged 41.49% in 2020-21 against previous year: ADR
2 years, 6 months ago

Donations to national parties plunged 41.49% in 2020-21 against previous year: ADR

The Hindu  

The donations that recognised national parties received during financial year 2020-21 decreased by over ₹420 crore, a sharp fall of 41.49% from the previous fiscal, a poll reform advocacy group said on Thursday. The corporate and the business sector made 1,398 donations to the national parties amounting to ₹480.655 crore —over 80% of the total donations —while 2,258 individual donors …

BJP out-earned and out-spent all other national parties in 2020-2021: ADR report
2 years, 6 months ago

BJP out-earned and out-spent all other national parties in 2020-2021: ADR report

The Hindu  

The BJP continued to out-earn and out-spend all other national parties in 2020-2021, with 54% of the income of the eight national political parties going to the BJP, a report by the Association for Democratic Reforms said on Friday. The ADR analysed the annual audited reports submitted to the Election Commission by the BJP, the Congress, the Communist Party of …

Data | Corporate donations to political parties: Which party received the most?
2 years, 9 months ago

Data | Corporate donations to political parties: Which party received the most?

The Hindu  

In FY 2019-20, when the Lok Sabha elections were conducted, political parties received over ₹920 crore in the form of corporate donations, according to a report by the Association for Democratic Reforms. The report analysed corporate donations to five national parties: the Bharatiya Janata Party, Indian National Congress, All India Trinamool Congress, Nationalist Congress Party, and Communist Party of India. …

Corporate Donations to Parties in 2019-20 up by 143% Compared to 2004-12
2 years, 9 months ago

Corporate Donations to Parties in 2019-20 up by 143% Compared to 2004-12

The Quint  

The report this time considered the BJP, the Indian National Congress, the Nationalist Congress Party, the Communist Party of India-Marxist, and the All India Trinamool Congress only, but not the Bahujan Samaj Party as Association for Democratic Reforms did not consider it for analysis in this report as the party declared that it received no voluntary contributions above Rs 20,000 …

Data | How regional parties in India are funded?
3 years, 1 month ago

Data | How regional parties in India are funded?

The Hindu  

About 55% of the funds received by regional parties in FY20 were from unknown sources, an analysis of the Association for Democratic Reforms shows. The total income for the selected regional parties in FY20 amounted to ₹803.24 crore, of which 55% was from unknown sources. Click to remove AMP mode Party-wise share The chart plots the total income of select …

Over 55% donations to regional political parties from unknown sources: ADR report
3 years, 2 months ago

Over 55% donations to regional political parties from unknown sources: ADR report

Op India  

The Association for Democratic Reforms in its report released on Thursday revealed that over 55 per cent of the donations received by regional parties in FY 2019-20 came from ‘unknown’ sources. Parties from the south top the list Interestingly, K Chandrashekar Rao led Telangana Rashtra Samithi, Chandrababu Naidu led Telugu Desam Party, Jagan Mohan Reddy led YSR Congress, MK Stalin …

16 regional parties declared receiving donations worth over Rs 24 cr without PAN details: ADR report
3 years, 2 months ago

16 regional parties declared receiving donations worth over Rs 24 cr without PAN details: ADR report

India TV News  

Out of 27 regional parties which declared receiving donations, as many as 16 regional parties have declared receiving 1,026 donations worth Rs 24.779 crore without PAN details, stated an Association for Democratic Reforms report. During FY 2018-19, All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam and Jharkhand Vikas Morcha had not received any donations but during FY 2019-20 AIADMK declared Rs 52.17 …

JMM first party to declare name of electoral bonds donor
3 years, 8 months ago

JMM first party to declare name of electoral bonds donor

The Hindu  

The Jharkhand Mukti Morcha is the first party that has declared the name of the entity which made donations to it through electoral bonds, the Association for Democratic Reforms, a poll rights group, said. In a new report, the association said the most common and popular source of income for national and regional political parties in 2019-20 were donations through …

JMM First Party to Declare Electoral Bonds Details, Says Received Rs 1 Cr from Hindalco
3 years, 8 months ago

JMM First Party to Declare Electoral Bonds Details, Says Received Rs 1 Cr from Hindalco

News 18  

The Jharkhand Mukti Morcha is the first party that has declared the name of the entity which made donations to it through electoral bonds, poll rights group Association for Democratic Reforms said. In a new report, the ADR said the most common and popular source of income for national and regional political parties in 2019-20 were donations through electoral bonds. …

Out of Rs 951 Cr Voluntary Contributions of above Rs 20k, BJP Received Rs 698 cr: ADR Report
4 years, 1 month ago

Out of Rs 951 Cr Voluntary Contributions of above Rs 20k, BJP Received Rs 698 cr: ADR Report

News 18  

Five national political parties received Rs 951 crore through voluntary contributions of above Rs 20,000 out of which the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party received Rs 698 crore, a report said on Tuesday. The Association for Democratic Reforms in its podcast episode on analysis of donations from corporates and business houses to national political parties for financial year 2018-19 said, “Five …

Corporates and Business Houses Donated Rs 876 Crore to National Political Parties in 2018-19: ADR
4 years, 2 months ago

Corporates and Business Houses Donated Rs 876 Crore to National Political Parties in 2018-19: ADR

News 18  

New Delhi: Corporates and business houses donated at least Rs 876 crore to various national political parties in the fiscal year 2018-19 and the BJP was the biggest recipient of such funds, followed by the Congress, a study conducted by poll rights group ADR showed on Thursday. The collective donations totalling Rs 876.10 crore, made by corporates and business houses, …

BJP bagged largest share of corporate donations in 2018-19: Association for Democratic Reforms
4 years, 2 months ago

BJP bagged largest share of corporate donations in 2018-19: Association for Democratic Reforms

The Hindu  

Corporate and business houses donated ₹876.10 crore to five national parties in 2018-19. The BJP received ₹698.08 crore from 1,573 corporate donors, followed by the Congress with ₹122.5 crore from 122 donors while the NCP got ₹11.34 crore from 17 donors. Of the contribution to the five national parties, ₹20.54 crore was from the unsegregated category, which includes companies with …

BJP accounts for 54% of major parties’ 2019 poll expenses in U.P.
4 years, 5 months ago

BJP accounts for 54% of major parties’ 2019 poll expenses in U.P.

The Hindu  

The BJP accounted for more than half of the expenditure incurred by 10 political parties in Uttar Pradesh in the 2019 Lok Sabha elections, according to a report released on Thursday by the Association for Democratic Reforms. The report analysed the expenditure statements submitted to the Election Commission of India by five national parties – the BJP, the Congress, the …

The double-speak of parties on foreign funding | Opinion
4 years, 6 months ago

The double-speak of parties on foreign funding | Opinion

Hindustan Times  

As India’s border stand-off with China continues, the latter’s aggressive manoeuvres raise difficult questions about India’s diplomatic options, foreign partnerships, and future defence requirements. In 2014, the Delhi High Court found both the BJP and the Congress guilty of accepting donations from several foreign corporations In response to Opposition barbs that the Narendra Modi government’s China policy has been tantamount …

National parties got Rs 11,234 crore donation from unknown sources from 2004-19: ADR
4 years, 10 months ago

National parties got Rs 11,234 crore donation from unknown sources from 2004-19: ADR

India Today  

National parties collected Rs 11,234 crore donation from unknown sources from 2004-05 to 2018-19, according to the Association of Democratic Reforms, a think tank. "Between FY 2004-05 and 2018-19, the national parties have collected Rs 11,234.12 crore from unknown sources," the ADR said. During 2018-19, the BJP declared Rs 1,612.04 crore as income from unknown sources which is 64 per …

Electoral bonds count for maximum donations: Report
5 years, 1 month ago

Electoral bonds count for maximum donations: Report

India Today  

Three national and 22 regional parties collected 50.54 per cent or Rs 587.87 crore of their income from donations through electoral bonds for the FY 2018-19. BJD reported having the highest income of Rs 249.31 crore, which forms 21.43 per cent of the total income of all the parties analysed, followed by AITC with an income of Rs 192.65 crore …

BJP received 75% of its donation from Tata Group's Progressive Electoral Trust
5 years, 2 months ago

BJP received 75% of its donation from Tata Group's Progressive Electoral Trust

India Today  

The Bharatiya Janata Party received Rs 356 crores from the Progressive Electoral Trust in the financial year 2018-19, which was the highest amount received by the party from any corporate. During 2018-2019, the BJP received donations worth Rs 473 crore from different corporates. The share of Progressive Electoral Trust, a trust owned by the Tata Group, was 75 per cent …

BJP received 16 times as much funding through corporate donations than Congress from 2016 to 2018, says ADR report
5 years, 6 months ago

BJP received 16 times as much funding through corporate donations than Congress from 2016 to 2018, says ADR report

Firstpost  

‘Out of the six national parties, BJP received the maximum donations of Rs 915.596 crore from 1,731 corporate donors,’ an ADR report said. “Out of the six national parties, BJP received the maximum donations of Rs 915.596 crore from 1,731 corporate donors followed by Congress which received a total contribution of Rs 55.36 crore from 151 corporate donors and NCP …

BJP received more than Rs 900 crore as donations between 2016-18: ADR
5 years, 6 months ago

BJP received more than Rs 900 crore as donations between 2016-18: ADR

India TV News  

The BJP received more than Rs 900 crore as donations from over 1,500 corporates between 2016-18, over 16 times more than what the Congress got in the same period, a new report said on Tuesday. "Out of the six national parties, BJP received the maximum donations of Rs 915.596 crore from 1,731 corporate donors followed by Congress which received a …

Union Budget 2019: As Nirmala Sitharaman readies for her maiden budget, answers to some long-forgotten promises are awaited
5 years, 6 months ago

Union Budget 2019: As Nirmala Sitharaman readies for her maiden budget, answers to some long-forgotten promises are awaited

Firstpost  

Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman’s first Union Budget is set to be presented in Parliament in the backdrop of an unpleasant phase in the economy. Three such subjects are: 1) Convincing measures on bringing transparency in political funding, 2) Addressing long-ignored land, labour reforms and 3) Privatisation of the public sector banks and other public sector undertakings. Under this scheme, donors …

With over Rs 400 crore, BJP gets major share of corporate donations, Congress Rs 19 crore
5 years, 9 months ago

With over Rs 400 crore, BJP gets major share of corporate donations, Congress Rs 19 crore

India TV News  

Prime Minister Modi-led ruling Bharatiya Janata Party has received the bulk of the donations made during the Lok Sabha election campaign 2019 while Congress party has come a distant second. BJP clearly seems to be the favourite when it comes to India Inc. BJP received Rs.400.23 crore from corporate donations while Rahul Gandhi-led Congress party received Rs 19.298 crore. News …

Have electoral bonds reduced anonymous cash donations?
5 years, 9 months ago

Have electoral bonds reduced anonymous cash donations?

The Hindu  

The story so far: The Supreme Court on Friday adjourned to April 10 the hearing of a number of petitions challenging the legality of the Electoral Bond Scheme. The Election Commission of India, in an affidavit filed in the court, said the electoral bonds had made political funding opaque and would have “serious repercussions on transparency of political funding” owing …

BJP declares income of Rs 1,027.34 crore in 2017-18; Congress yet to disclose data: Report
6 years ago

BJP declares income of Rs 1,027.34 crore in 2017-18; Congress yet to disclose data: Report

India TV News  

The BJP has declared a total income of Rs 1,027.34 crore during financial year 2017-18 and spent 74 per cent of it, according to a report by the Association for Democratic Reforms. The BSP’s total income during year 2017-18 was Rs 51.7 cr of which the party spent only 29 per cent, the report said. During 2017-18, out of the …

BJP declares income of over ₹1,000 crore in 2017-18
6 years ago

BJP declares income of over ₹1,000 crore in 2017-18

Live Mint  

New Delhi: The BJP has declared a total income of ₹ 1,027.34 crore during financial year 2017-18 and spent 74 per cent of it, according to a report by the Association for Democratic Reforms. The BSP’s total income during year 2017-18 was ₹ 51.7 crore of which the party spent only 29 per cent, the report said. During 2017-18, out …

AAP and Shiv Sena together got more donations than Congress
6 years, 4 months ago

AAP and Shiv Sena together got more donations than Congress

Hindustan Times  

At a meeting of its state and central level leaders this week, the Congress finalised plans for a 40-day mass outreach programme to seek donations for the party. Election and political party watchdog Association for Democratic Reforms last month released its report on donations received by 31 regional parties in 2016-17. The Congress has received less in donations than the …

22% of total income of regional parties from unknown sources in FY'17: ADR
6 years, 5 months ago

22% of total income of regional parties from unknown sources in FY'17: ADR

India TV News  

Total income of as many as 29 regional political parties during 2016-17 was Rs 347.74 crore, where income from "unknown sources" stood at Rs 77 crore, says a report. Total income from "known donors" was Rs 91.29 crore, which is 26.25 per cent of the total income of the parties, a report released today by Association for Democratic Reforms said. …

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