It's Indo-Pacific in Quad, Afghanistan a priority in UNGA
3 years, 3 months ago

It's Indo-Pacific in Quad, Afghanistan a priority in UNGA

Hindustan Times  

Although Indo-Pacific and Climate Change and Justice will be the priority for Quad summit on September 24, Afghanistan and terrorism will be the flavour of the UNGA high-level segment till September 27. Prime Minster Narendra Modi and US President Joe Biden According to top diplomats in New York and Washington, the western embarrassment over Afghanistan with the Taliban throwing the entire Doha political commitments out of the window will be the main theme of speakers in the UNGA. Before leaving to attend the Quad summit, Japanese Prime Minister Yoshihide Suga has gone on record saying that China’s changing the status quo with its military power in the background could present a risk to Japanese peace and prosperity. Australia will AUKUS Anglo-Saxon pact in its bag has taken the deterrence to China to a different level with eight US/UK built nuclear powered conventional attack submarines or SSNs expected to patrol Indo-Pacific waters by the next decade.

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History of this topic

Nuclear-powered attack submarine will be ready by 2036, says Navy Chief
3 weeks, 1 day ago

Nuclear-powered attack submarine will be ready by 2036, says Navy Chief

India Today  

The Indian Navy's nuclear-powered attack submarine programme has been approved by the government and the first such submarine will be ready by 2036, Navy Chief Admiral Dinesh Tripathi said on Monday. The Navy Chief further said that the recent commissioning of INS Arighat, India’s second nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarine, marked a critical milestone in the Navy's nuclear deterrence capability. Notably, …

India's Nuclear Submarines: A Deterrence Tool in the Indo-Pacific
2 months ago

India's Nuclear Submarines: A Deterrence Tool in the Indo-Pacific

India TV News  

India has successfully launched its fourth nuclear-powered submarine (SSBN) at the Ship Building Center in Visakhapatnam. The submarine, dubbed S4*, boasts 75% indigenous components and features 4 ballistic missiles with a range of 3,500 km. This deployment strengthens India's nuclear deterrence capabilities in the Indo-Pacific region, as it enhances the country's strategic command and control capabilities and provides excellent stealth …

Quad gets an Indian boost
3 months ago

Quad gets an Indian boost

Hindustan Times  

Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s visit to the United States is going well, what with the visit to Wilmington, and the hugs and the handshakes. Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi, Australia's Prime Minister Anthony Albanese, US President Joe Biden and Japan's Prime Minister Fumio Kishida at the Quad Leaders Summit at Archmere Academy in Claymont, Delaware, USA, Saturday. Out of four, …

India and Quad: A tale of collaboration
3 months ago

India and Quad: A tale of collaboration

Hindustan Times  

The Quad summit to be held on September 21 in United States president Joe Biden’s hometown, Wilmington, will be the sixth since the meetings at this level were initiated in March 2021 by the Biden administration, within months of taking over in January that year. Including the upcoming one, Biden would have hosted four when he leaves office — there …

With an eye on Indo-Pacific, Germany seeks greater defence ties with India
3 months, 1 week ago

With an eye on Indo-Pacific, Germany seeks greater defence ties with India

The Hindu  

In mid-August, India witnessed one of the most extensive multilateral air exercises hosted by the Indian Air Force called Tarang Shakti. During the Indo-German intergovernmental consultations in 2019, the two countries decided to further deepen bilateral defence ties, with Germany working towards facilitating the export of military equipment with India. To be frank, Germany just woke up, as compared to …

India’s nuclear triad projects dominance over the Indo-Pacific
3 months, 3 weeks ago

India’s nuclear triad projects dominance over the Indo-Pacific

Hindustan Times  

New Delhi: By commissioning two nuclear ballistic missile submarines during his two terms in office, Prime Minister Narendra Modi has shown commitment to "India First” policy commensurate with the stated objective of India acquiring ‘credible, minimum’ and indigenous nuclear deterrent with second strike capability. In the meantime, INS Dhruv, India’s first ballistic missile tracker ship, was commissioned on September 10, …

India to get its 2nd nuclear submarine
3 months, 3 weeks ago

India to get its 2nd nuclear submarine

Hindustan Times  

Defence minister Rajnath Singh is set to commission India’s second nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarine, INS Arighat or S-3, in the presence of top officers including Navy chief Admiral Dinesh Tripathi at a quiet event in Visakhapatnam on Thursday, according to people aware of the matter. India will now have two SSBNs – INS Arihant and INS Arighat -- patrolling the …

All you need to know about India-US anti-submarine warfare Sonobuoys deal
4 months ago

All you need to know about India-US anti-submarine warfare Sonobuoys deal

India TV News  

On the margins of Defence Minister Rajnath Singh's visit to India, the United States has approved a potential foreign military sale to India, involving Anti-Submarine Warfare Sonobuoys and related equipment. In a statement released, the US Defence Security Cooperation Agency said, this deal, valued at an estimated $52.8 million, is set to enhance India's anti-submarine capabilities and strengthen the strategic …

Indian Navy approaches government for two nuclear attack submarines
4 months, 1 week ago

Indian Navy approaches government for two nuclear attack submarines

Hindustan Times  

New Delhi: With 'Project Delta', its plan to augment its submarine fleet, delayed beyond 2027 due to Russia’s war with Ukraine, the Indian Navy has approached the government for approval to build two nuclear-powered conventionally armed submarines or SSNs to deter the country’s adversaries in the Indo-Pacific. As reported by Hindustan Times earlier, India’s second nuclear-powered nuclear missile-armed submarine, SSBN …

No, Quad hasn’t lost its relevance; India is forcing it to become more broad-based and that’s a good thing
4 months, 2 weeks ago

No, Quad hasn’t lost its relevance; India is forcing it to become more broad-based and that’s a good thing

Firstpost  

See what India is doing alongside Quad with Southeast Asian nations to understand how New Delhi is threading the China needle Never a dull moment in geopolitics. Goyal justified India’s decision to back out of the RCEP trade deal by saying, “We would have been a nation of salesmen hawking Chinese goods.” The minister’s comments and his exchange of barbs …

China ramps up defence budget by 7.2%, India will feel the heat
9 months, 2 weeks ago

China ramps up defence budget by 7.2%, India will feel the heat

Hindustan Times  

New Delhi: With the Chinese annual defence budget crossing seven per cent for the third consecutive year even though the economy is slowing down, its political and military ramifications will be felt by its principal adversaries including India this decade. While India is involved in a four -year stand-off with the China on East Ladakh Line of Actual Control, the …

K.C. Singh | India's challenges amidst shifting global equations
1 year, 1 month ago

K.C. Singh | India's challenges amidst shifting global equations

Deccan Chronicle  

The fifth 2+2 ministerial dialogue between India and the United States was held in New Delhi on Friday, November 10. Significantly, they met soon after the June 2023 state visit of Prime Minister Narendra Modi to the US and President Joe Biden’s visit to India in September for the G-20 summit. Due to the recent two earlier summit-level meetings, implementation …

Navy wants a third carrier, nuclear subs to counter China in the Indo-Pacific
1 year, 2 months ago

Navy wants a third carrier, nuclear subs to counter China in the Indo-Pacific

Hindustan Times  

With Chinese Navy expected to increase its footprint in Indian Ocean through logistics support bases from Straits of Malacca to Gulf of Aden, Indian Navy has asked the Modi government for muscling up its strength by building another aircraft carrier, three nuclear powered submarines and six diesel-electric conventional submarines to tackle the PLA challenge. Indian MiG-29 K fighter makes a …

India seeks bigger role in Indo-Pacific as China continues on aggressive path
1 year, 4 months ago

India seeks bigger role in Indo-Pacific as China continues on aggressive path

Live Mint  

Prime Minister Narendra Modi has given a "guarantee" that during his third term, India will become the third largest economy, one place below China, a country with which India is having bilateral issues for quite a while now. The recent developments in the region are hinting that India is seeking a big-brother role in the Indo-Pacific region, especially for countries …

What is the AUKUS pact?
1 year, 8 months ago

What is the AUKUS pact?

Hindustan Times  

ON MARCH 13TH Joe Biden, America’s president, accompanied by Anthony Albanese and Rishi Sunak, the prime ministers of Australia and Britain respectively, gathered in front of the USS Missouri, a Virginia-class nuclear-powered attack submarine in San Diego, California. As a stopgap, as early as 2027 America will deploy Virginia-class attack submarines, rotating up to four of them continuously through HMAS …

Explained | The AUKUS deal to get nuclear-powered submarines for Australia
1 year, 9 months ago

Explained | The AUKUS deal to get nuclear-powered submarines for Australia

The Hindu  

The story so far: United States President Joe Biden, alongside his Australian and British counterparts Anthony Albanese and Rishi Sunak, unveiled on Monday, March 13, a deal to sell U.S. Virginia-class nuclear-powered submarines to Australia and to provide American technology for the production of such submarines in British and Australian facilities. Stating that challenges to global stability had only grown …

Sharp divides: On the implications of the AUKUS trilateral defence pact
1 year, 9 months ago

Sharp divides: On the implications of the AUKUS trilateral defence pact

The Hindu  

The joint appearance by the leaders of the United States, the United Kingdom and Australia, at the Naval Base Point Loma, U.S., this week, and their detailing about their “AUKUS” trilateral defence pact are significant in optics and substance, suggesting a new chapter in the global great power rivalry. The new alliance is seen as a counter to China exerting …

What’s the AUKUS nuclear submarine deal between US, UK, and Australia? Why is China upset?
1 year, 9 months ago

What’s the AUKUS nuclear submarine deal between US, UK, and Australia? Why is China upset?

Firstpost  

The US, the UK and Australia have finalised the pact that will allow them to build a fleet of nuclear-powered submarines. On Monday, Australia’s prime minister said that the Aukus plan marked “a new chapter” in the relationship between the three countries. Australia’s Albanese said that the submarine deal marked the “biggest single investment in Australia’s defence capability in all …

A moment of reckoning for AUKUS and Australia
1 year, 9 months ago

A moment of reckoning for AUKUS and Australia

The Hindu  

The week ahead is likely to be crucial for Australia. The main issue for Australia is that many of its regional partners oppose the Royal Australian Navy operating nuclear attack submarines. Senators wrote to President Joe Biden in January this year, urging him not to sell nuclear submarines to Australia, warning that it would jeopardise U.S. national security given the …

Beyond the Quad: Booming Security Cooperation Efforts in the Indo-Pacific
1 year, 10 months ago

Beyond the Quad: Booming Security Cooperation Efforts in the Indo-Pacific

The Diplomat  

Quad partners are becoming much more serious about security cooperation in the Indo-Pacific. Reciprocal Access Agreement said that the agreement is meant to “simplify procedures when implementing cooperative activities, such as port calls of vessels and joint exercises between the two countries and further promote bilateral security and defense cooperation.” A U.K. government press release said that the agreement “will …

Accepting the new normal in the Indo-Pacific contestation
2 years ago

Accepting the new normal in the Indo-Pacific contestation

The Hindu  

As 2022 comes to an end, the world is embracing a ‘new normal’ where new fault lines are being reconfigured in the Indo-Pacific. As tensions between an aggressive China and an emerging India intensify, New Delhi’s Quad partners are also making inroads in its backyard, ushering significant changes in the region. China’s widening outreach The contestation for South Asia and …

India's Impactful Diplomacy Foils China's Bid Against AUKUS Nuclear Submarines Plan At IAEA: Sources
2 years, 2 months ago

India's Impactful Diplomacy Foils China's Bid Against AUKUS Nuclear Submarines Plan At IAEA: Sources

ABP News  

New Delhi: China has withdrawn a draft resolution at the International Atomic Energy Agency against the AUKUS grouping seeking to provide Australia with nuclear-powered submarines following India's objective view on the issue, government sources said. The AUKUS security partnership announced in September last that it would facilitate Australia in getting technology to build nuclear-powered submarines. The Indian Mission to the …

Both China & West Want India, But Will the ‘Sweet Spot’ Moment Last?
2 years, 5 months ago

Both China & West Want India, But Will the ‘Sweet Spot’ Moment Last?

The Quint  

India, it seems, is in a ‘sweet spot’ – a happy phrase that former Chief Economic Advisor Arvind Subramaniam used in the Economic Survey for 2015-16 to describe India’s opportunity to enter a double-digit economic growth phase – on the foreign policy front. This can be seen from India’s happy position at the G-7 summit in Munich last month, which …

indias tokyo takeaways from the quad summit | the view from india
2 years, 6 months ago

indias tokyo takeaways from the quad summit | the view from india

The Hindu  

Prime Minister Narendra Modi described the Quad as a “force for good,” as he attended the Quad summit in Tokyo on May 24. The summit among the leaders of Australia, India, Japan and the United States took place exactly three months after Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, and a joint statement issued after the meeting said the member countries “discussed respective …

US signals focus back on China, QUAD summit on May 24
2 years, 7 months ago

US signals focus back on China, QUAD summit on May 24

Hindustan Times  

With White House announcing the QUAD summit during US President Joseph Biden’s bilateral visit to Japan and South Korea on May 24, Washington has signaled that it has not forgotten Indo-Pacific amidst the never-ending turmoil in Ukraine. Prime Minister Narendra Modi, US president Joe Biden, Japanese premier Fumio Kishida and Australian PM Scott Morrison While the White House statement makes …

‘With Us or Against Us’ is Outdated, the Quad Will Benefit from India-Russia Ties
2 years, 9 months ago

‘With Us or Against Us’ is Outdated, the Quad Will Benefit from India-Russia Ties

News 18  

The US and EU’s sanctions on Russia for its military action in Ukraine have made India assert its strategic autonomy. President Biden touched on the topic, claiming India’s response to the sanctions has been “shaky.” Despite this, India continued to work towards its energy security by engaging with Russia while it also held multilateral and bilateral meetings with Quad members. …

Japan and Australia Back India’s Push Against Biden’s Derailment of The Quad
2 years, 9 months ago

Japan and Australia Back India’s Push Against Biden’s Derailment of The Quad

News 18  

With their recent back-to-back meetings with Prime Minister Narendra Modi, Japanese Prime Minister Fumio Kishida and Australian Prime Minister Scott Morrison have sent a strong and united message to the Biden Administration— the Quad’s Indo-Pacific agenda should not fall out of focus and that involves preventing the dilution of the Quad’s apprehensions about China. While President Joe Biden has called …

The future of India-Japan ties
2 years, 9 months ago

The future of India-Japan ties

Hindustan Times  

The Ukraine crisis figured prominently at the annual India-Japan Summit, as was widely expected, though Prime Minister Narendra Modi and his Japanese counterpart Fumio Kishida sent out clear signals that the two key players of the Indo-Pacific region will continue to focus on challenges closer home. The summit, held after a hiatus of three years, was underpinned by several measures …

China says Quad, AUKUS are ‘cliques’ in U.S. Indo-Pacific strategy
2 years, 10 months ago

China says Quad, AUKUS are ‘cliques’ in U.S. Indo-Pacific strategy

The Hindu  

China has equated the India, U.S., Australia, Japan Quad grouping with the AUKUS defence pact, calling both “exclusive cliques” part of the Biden administration’s “ill-intentioned” Indo-Pacific strategy. External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar, in Melbourne last week for the Quad Foreign Ministers meet, rejected that criticism, saying on Friday, “Our record, actions and stance are fairly clear and by criticising them …

Collective action key to new U.S. Indo-Pacific strategy
2 years, 10 months ago

Collective action key to new U.S. Indo-Pacific strategy

The Hindu  

The Biden administration announced its long-awaited Indo-Pacific strategy on Friday. Speaking to reporters on Friday a senior administration official, who did not want to be named, said that India’s role in the Quad was an important element of the U.S.-India relationship, and a means to “speak frankly about issues in the region,” and to deliver together on public goods. Responding …

Worldview with Suhasini Haidar | Quad meet: differences between India and others
2 years, 10 months ago

Worldview with Suhasini Haidar | Quad meet: differences between India and others

The Hindu  

The Foreign Ministers of India, Japan and United States met in Australia for the Quad ministerial, which is preparing the way for a meeting between Prime Minister Modi, U.S. President Biden, Australian PM Morrison, hosted by Japanese PM Kishida in Tokyo in the next few months. Counter terrorism, maritime security and cybersecurity initiatives: In particular, the Quad said it “denounced …

AUKUS could rock China’s boat in the Indo-Pacific
3 years, 1 month ago

AUKUS could rock China’s boat in the Indo-Pacific

The Hindu  

The trilateral security agreement between Australia, the United Kingdom and the United States continues to be in the news. While AUKUS is clearly an attempt by the U.S. to bolster regional security, including securing Australia’s seaborne trade, any sudden accretion in Australia’s naval capabilities is bound to cause unease in the region. Even though Australia has denied that AUKUS is …

AUKUS: U.S.' military grouping could be the start of a Cold War with China
3 years, 2 months ago

AUKUS: U.S.' military grouping could be the start of a Cold War with China

The Hindu  

As the pandemic showed signs of ebb ing, more heads of state addressed the United Nations General Assembly in person this time than last year. The statement also reiterated the Quad’s support for the U.N. Convention on the Law of the Sea “to meet the challenges to the maritime rules-based order, including in the East and South China Seas”. The …

Can Quad and AUKUS synergise?
3 years, 2 months ago

Can Quad and AUKUS synergise?

New Indian Express  

Quad has finally emerged out of hibernation and near irrelevance. The moot point is to find synergy between Quad, AUKUS, EU’s Indo-Pacific Strategy and also ASEAN. Though France has been deeply angered by AUKUS, she will not abandon her Indo-Pacific strategic interests. The task of balancing China has moved centre stage and India will be an indispensable part of this …

With AUKUS, India must keep its head above water
3 years, 2 months ago

With AUKUS, India must keep its head above water

The Hindu  

The announcement by the United States of a trilateral ‘enhanced security partnership’ involving Australia, the United Kingdom and the United States has taken everyone by surprise, competitors and allies alike. The Naval Group had then said that it may have been the victim of “economic warfare.” India’s stand, China factor Another tangent that needs to be observed as the initiative …

As China Expands Its Naval Arsenal, What are India’s Options at Sea
3 years, 2 months ago

As China Expands Its Naval Arsenal, What are India’s Options at Sea

News 18  

In the past two decades, the Chinese People’s Liberation Army Navy has more than trebled in size. This means the Indian Navy should have some breathing room before the PLAN outgrows home waters and establishes a more permanent presence in the Indian Ocean Region, long considered India’s maritime ‘backyard’. India’s Options at Sea Most major military powers—including China—have downsized military …

AUKUS Complements Quad; Warm Embrace of it by India, Says Australian PM Morrison
3 years, 2 months ago

AUKUS Complements Quad; Warm Embrace of it by India, Says Australian PM Morrison

News 18  

The trilateral AUKUS security alliance complements partnerships like Quad and there was a “very warm embrace” of the deal by India and Japan as both the countries totally understood and supported what it is seeking to achieve, Australian Prime Minister Scott Morrison said on Thursday. He said Quad comprising India, Australia, the US and Japan, is not an alliance and …

The Quad could end up running out of steam
3 years, 2 months ago

The Quad could end up running out of steam

The Hindu  

Coming on the eve of the first in-person Quadrilateral Security Dialogue summit in Washington DC, the new Australia-U.K.-U.S. trilateral security partnership appears to be sending a subtle message to the Quad: shape up or become irrelevant. In other words, AUKUS will help the Quad’s declared aim of keeping the Indo-Pacific region free, open and inclusive thereby contributing to its core …

Why AUKUS is not a security alliance, but a platform to arm Australia with nuclear submarines
3 years, 2 months ago

Why AUKUS is not a security alliance, but a platform to arm Australia with nuclear submarines

Firstpost  

AUKUS sets a precedent for India to acquire critical naval nuclear reactor technology, likely from France, which after this setback of losing the submarine project will be willing to engage The new AUKUS trilateral security partnership between Australia, the UK and the USA to help Australia develop nuclear-powered attack submarines is in India’s interests. AUKUS sets a precedent for India …

Looking beyond China, Quad is Playing the Long Game. It Will Not Meet NATO’s Fate
3 years, 2 months ago

Looking beyond China, Quad is Playing the Long Game. It Will Not Meet NATO’s Fate

News 18  

During Narendra Modi’s trip to the United States, especially leading up to the Quad Leaders’ summit, TV punditry and foreign policy discourse in India revolved largely around two questions—whether AUKUS is a “death blow” to the Quad and whether India has been “sidelined” by the US after Washington decided to give nuclear submarine technology to Australia via a trilateral security …

Explained | Will AUKUS upset the Indo-Pacific balance?
3 years, 2 months ago

Explained | Will AUKUS upset the Indo-Pacific balance?

The Hindu  

The story so far: On September 15, U.S. President Joe Biden, along with Prime Ministers Scott Morrison and Boris Johnson of Australia and the U.K. respectively, announced the formation of a new trilateral security partnership called AUKUS. Beijing’s consternation that AUKUS will “undermine” regional peace and “intensify” an arms race likely stems from the cornerstone of AUKUS: a proposal whereby …

India is not a bystander in the AUKUS saga
3 years, 2 months ago

India is not a bystander in the AUKUS saga

The Hindu  

The announcement last week of AUKUS — a new security pact between the United States, the United Kingdom and Australia — is making waves around the world. There is apprehension that the deal could eventually lead to a crowding of nuclear attack submarines in the Eastern Indian Ocean, eroding India’s regional pre-eminence. Washington’s willingness to help Canberra build SSNs raises …

Another grouping: The Hindu Editorial on AUKUS
3 years, 3 months ago

Another grouping: The Hindu Editorial on AUKUS

The Hindu  

In its first reaction to AUKUS, the new partnership between Australia, the U.S. and the U.K., India has made it clear that it does not welcome the announcement, nor does it wish to link AUKUS to Indian interests. Foreign Secretary Harsh Shringla said that AUKUS, which was launched a week before the first in-person summit of leaders of the Australia-India-Japan-U.S. …

Now a Three-Pronged Front Against China, But a Fork in the Road for India
3 years, 3 months ago

Now a Three-Pronged Front Against China, But a Fork in the Road for India

News 18  

The growing alliance against China has had some overlaps. France has just been reminded of this bitter truth by the way the US and the UK have stabbed her in the back in Australia.” The new military alliance brings together three fundamentally English-speaking nations that have a shared military past and broadly aligned political positions. A spokesperson said the pact …

AUKUS trilateral security alliance: US rules out out adding India or Japan to Australia, UK counterparts
3 years, 3 months ago

AUKUS trilateral security alliance: US rules out out adding India or Japan to Australia, UK counterparts

Firstpost  

The trilateral security alliance AUKUS, seen as an effort to counter China in the Indo-Pacific, will allow the US and the UK to provide Australia with the technology to develop nuclear-powered submarines for the first time Washington: The US has ruled out adding India or Japan to the new trilateral security partnership with Australia and Britain to meet the challenges …

US rules out adding India or Japan to security alliance with Australia and UK
3 years, 3 months ago

US rules out adding India or Japan to security alliance with Australia and UK

India TV News  

The US has ruled out adding India or Japan to the new trilateral security partnership with Australia and Britain to meet the challenges of the 21st century in the strategic Indo-Pacific region. On September 15, US President Joe Biden, Australian Prime Minister Scott Morrison and British Prime Minister Boris Johnson jointly announced the formation of the trilateral security alliance AUKUS …

AUKUS Not Constricting India, Rather It’s a Strategic Opportunity to Deepen Ties with France
3 years, 3 months ago

AUKUS Not Constricting India, Rather It’s a Strategic Opportunity to Deepen Ties with France

News 18  

The foreign policy discourse in India is a study in histrionics. Modi will also meet vice president Kamala Harris before sitting across the table with Biden, Australian PM Scott Morrison and outgoing Japanese PM Yoshihide Suga for the Quad Leaders’ summit that “provides an opportunity to take stock of the outcomes of our Virtual Summit in March this year and …

Death Knell for QUAD? AUKUS Is Doing What 'Asian NATO' Was Supposed to Do — Counter China
3 years, 3 months ago

Death Knell for QUAD? AUKUS Is Doing What 'Asian NATO' Was Supposed to Do — Counter China

News 18  

The Quadrilateral or the Quad grouping of countries was the brainchild of former Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe. By equipping Australia with a nuclear powered submarine, and by allowing British submarines to park in an Australian base, that is exactly what AUKUS will do: counter China. The next time you try to bully smaller countries like Vietnam or Philippines in …

AUKUS highlights India’s own submarine development efforts and delays
3 years, 3 months ago

AUKUS highlights India’s own submarine development efforts and delays

The Hindu  

Australia’s announcement to acquire nuclear-powered submarines under the tripartite arrangement with the U.K. and the U.S. puts the spotlight on India’s own submarine efforts, ongoing tender for manufacturing six conventional submarines with technology transfer under Project-75I and the indigenous programme to build six nuclear-powered attack submarines. However, both the conventional and nuclear-powered projects were delayed and the first vessel was …

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