Disturbing Act: The AFSPA's history in the north-eastern region
The HinduAfter the Partition violence of 1947, armed forces were deployed in large areas of the country over long periods. Significantly, Section 4a of the AFSPA allows “any commissioned officer, warrant officer, non-commissioned officer or any other person of equivalent rank in the armed forces” to fire “even to the causing of death” upon any person acting in contravention of any law or order, any person carrying weapons or anything capable of being used as a weapon, and to prohibit the assembly of more than five people. As of 2008, much of the north-eastern region had been designated as ‘disturbed’; these are the areas of Arunachal Pradesh bordering Assam; the entire State of Manipur ; areas of Meghalaya bordering Assam; the entire State of Nagaland; and the hill areas of Tripura. Jeevan Reddy Committee, which reviewed the imposition of the AFSPA after the Thangjam Manorama rape and murder by Assam Rifles personnel in Manipur, recommended repeal of the Act, but ironically wanted its basic provisions be incorporated into the rival Unlawful Activities Act, 2004, or UAPA, to make it appear less discriminatory in the north-eastern region. However, the Union Home Ministry, which governs the National Human Rights Commission, the activities of the Assam Rifles and the implementation of the AFSPA, continues to provide a huge amount of funds annually for the management of “law and order” in the north-eastern region.