U.S. Supreme Court Chief Justice urges ‘caution’ as AI reshapes legal field

Artificial intelligence represents a mixed blessing for the legal field, U.S. Supreme Court Chief Justice John Roberts said in a year-end report published on December 31, urging “caution and humility” as the evolving technology transforms how judges and lawyers go about their work. He said AI had the potential to increase access to justice for indigent litigants, revolutionise legal research and assist courts in resolving cases more quickly and cheaply while also pointing to privacy concerns and the current technology’s inability to replicate human discretion. “But with equal confidence I predict that judicial work — particularly at the trial level — will be significantly affected by AI.” The Chief Justice’s commentary is his most significant discussion to date of the influence of AI on the law, and coincides with several lower courts contending with how best to adapt to a new technology capable of passing the bar exam but also prone to generating fictitious content, known as “hallucinations.” Non-existent citations Mr. Roberts emphasised that “any use of AI requires caution and humility.” He mentioned an instance where AI hallucinations had led lawyers to cite non-existent cases in court papers, which the Chief Justice said is “always a bad idea.” Mr. Roberts did not elaborate beyond saying the phenomenon “made headlines this year.” Last week, for instance, Michael Cohen, Donald Trump’s former fixer and lawyer, said in court papers unsealed last week that he mistakenly gave his attorney fake case citations generated by an AI programme that made their way into an official court filing. A federal appeals court in New Orleans last month drew headlines by unveiling what appeared to be the first proposed rule by any of the 13 U.S. appeals courts aimed at regulating the use of generative AI tools like OpenAI’s ChatGPT by lawyers appearing before it.