Archives made available after the Soviet Union’s collapse now establish beyond doubt that Oppenheimer was not a Soviet agent. In fact, intelligence reports about the Manhattan Project reveal that at key points, Stalin’s spy chiefs were frustrated that their operatives had not recruited him Oppenheimer, the epic new movie directed by Christopher Nolan, takes audiences into the mind and moral …
History can’t be rewritten, but it is worth pondering, what if… What if Turkestan had been given independence by Russia, like Outer Mongolia? Military annexation of Xinjiang and the revolutionary changes On 1 October 1949, the new People’s Republic of China was proclaimed; during the following months, the new regime did not miss an opportunity to tell the world that …
Mikhail Gorbachev became General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in March 1985. In his insightful book, The Great Game in Afghanistan: Rajiv Gandhi, General Zia and the Unending War, Kallol Bhattacherjee records that immediately after becoming the Soviet Union’s supreme leader, Mr. Gorbachev had met the Pakistani dictator in Moscow. Now, a new U.S. leader, President …
On February 8, 1988, then-President Mikhail Gorbachev announced that the Soviet Union would withdraw its military forces from Afghanistan. The Soviet Withdrawal Writing as a RAND analyst in 1991, Zalmay Khalilzad – today the United States’ special representative for Afghanistan reconciliation – identified three assumptions that underpinned predictions of Najibullah’s hasty overthrow: his regime was brittle and likely to fragment …