Why Do Singapore and China Cooperate on Joint Maritime Exercises?
The DiplomatThe renowned Singaporean historian Wang Gungwu observed that China has traditionally been a continental power, with Zheng He’s 15th-century maritime voyages as a notable exception. The most recent iteration took place amid heightened territorial disputes in the South China Sea and Singapore’s concerns about freedom of navigation. China has long perceived Singapore as too closely aligned with the United States, as evidenced by Singapore’s participation in high-profile U.S.-led multilateral exercises such as Cobra Gold in Thailand and Super Garuda Shield in Indonesia. The 2024 iteration of Exercise Maritime Cooperation was the largest of the three conducted to date and it took place immediately after Singapore’s participation in the U.S.-led Super Garuda Shield exercises, reflecting Singapore’s efforts to maintain a balance between China and the United States. Given Singapore’s central location in the Malacca Strait, China views Exercise Maritime Cooperation as a key component of its strategy to maintain friendly relations with Singapore, ensuring its neutrality amid Sino-U.S. competition and securing the strait during emergencies.