
Surveilling and censoring the internet in Pakistan
Al JazeeraIslamabad, Pakistan – A new bill before parliament could severely limit internet freedom and raises concerns the state is legalising censorship and mass digital surveillance, rights activists say. “Everyone has their own sense of what is morally right, how can you have something like that in the law, unless you define it… But they haven’t, they’ve done it so that they can use in any way they want.” Affecting the bottom line No public record exists of which sites are banned, Sana Saleem, a digital rights activist with the advocacy group Bolo Bhi, told Al Jazeera. “The nature of the new ‘Cyber Crime Bill’ in Pakistan threatens the free flow of ideas and exchange that is essential to the success of technology start-ups and entrepreneurs in the country,” said Kalsoom Lakhani, who leads technology startup incubator Invest2Innovate. “It’s the online embodiment of the Protection of Pakistan Act,” said Saleem, citing a law passed last year that authorises indefinite detentions, reverses the burden of proof, and suspends habeas corpus in “terrorism” cases.
History of this topic

Pakistan’s favorable trade status depends on progress in human rights, media freedom, EU says
Associated Press
Bill jailing social media users for three years over disinformation passed by Pakistan senate
The Independent
Pakistan outlaws disinformation with three-year jail term
The Hindu
Pakistani journalists protest after Senate passes bill allowing control over social media content
Associated Press
Explained: The controversy over Pakistan’s bill that could jail people for disinformation on social media
Firstpost
Pakistan’s parliament passes bill with sweeping controls on social media
The Hindu
Pakistan moves toward extensive social media regulation. Details here
Hindustan Times
Pakistani government proposes sweeping controls on social media
Associated Press
Internet services face disruption in Pakistan
The Hindu
Pakistan cuts mobile, internet services ahead of pro-Imran Khan protest
Deccan Chronicle
Pakistan halts mobile, and internet amid security concerns over Imran Khan protests
Hindustan Times
Pakistan partially suspends mobile, internet services ahead of pro-Imran Khan protest
New Indian Express
Free internet access should be made a human right – study
The Independent
VPN use violates Islamic law: Pak's top cleric days after Shehbaz Sharif's X post
India Today
Pakistan’s top cleric says use of VPNs is against Islamic laws as the government seeks to ban them
Associated Press
VPN ‘haram or halaal’? Pakistan’s religious council under fire for calling VPN use as ‘un-Islamic’
Live Mint
‘VPN un-Islamic’: Pakistan's top religious body sparks digital scrutiny debate
Hindustan Times
Pakistan suffers internet slowdown as government denies national firewall rumor
The Independent
Businesses, rights defenders decry Pakistan internet slowdown
The Hindu
Pakistan's Punjab to ban social media platforms for 6 days during Muharram to control 'hate material'
The Hindu
Pakistan to ban social media platforms from July 13 to 18 to control 'hate material' during Ramzaan
Firstpost
Pakistan to ban all social media platforms for 6 days during Muharram
Hindustan Times
Pakistan to ban social media platforms for 6 days to control 'hate material' during Ramadan
ABP News
Measuring internet freedom in India in the last 10 years
The Hindu
Pakistani users struggle as social media platform 'X' remains offline
India TV News
Pakistan blocks X for the sixth day as activists criticize the social media platform’s shutdown
Associated Press
US calls on Pakistan to lift internet shutdowns, social media restrictions
Live Mint
X faces restrictions in Pakistan amid protests over alleged vote rigging
Al Jazeera
‘Inherently undemocratic’: Pakistan suspends mobile services on voting day
Al Jazeera
Pakistan’s nationwide internet outage ’remarkably systematic’, says expert
Live Mint
Internet ban partially lifted in India’s violence-hit Manipur
Al Jazeera
‘Ruined my livelihood’: Pakistan internet shutdown hits millions
Al Jazeera
Pakistan blocks Twitter, restricts internet after Khan’s arrest
Al Jazeera
India cuts internet to 27 million as Punjab police hunt Sikh separatist
CNN
India’s Government Wants Total Control of the Internet
Wired
Pakistan unblocks Wikipedia just days after ban for ‘blasphemous content’
The Independent
Wikipedia again up and running as Pakistan lifts ban on site
The Independent
India’s Kashmir had the most internet disruptions in 2022, says report
The Independent
Tread carefully: The Hindu Editorial on the power to remove online content
The Hindu
Pakistan Internet Outage: No Internet services in major parts of the country- Here is the reason
India TV News
Russia Is Quietly Ramping Up Its Internet Censorship Machine
Wired
Six Pakistan-based YouTube channels among 16 blocked for spreading disinformation related to India's national security
Firstpost
Iranians fear new bill will restrict internet even further
Associated Press
WhatsApp, Facebook, YouTube, Twitter banned in Pakistan: Know why
India TV News
Pakistan temporarily blocks social media over potential protests
Al Jazeera
Pakistan to ‘review’ controversial internet censorship rules
Al Jazeera
Tech giants call for ‘changes’ to Pakistani censorship laws
Al Jazeera
Pakistan’s new regulations aim to ‘silence the internet’
Al Jazeera
India extends high-speed internet ban in Kashmir
Al Jazeera
Pakistan bans TikTok over ‘indecent’ content
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