In mammals, the females have two copies of the X chromosome while the males carry a single copy. Broadly, the diseases whose onset and/or progression the X chromosome influences can be grouped into three types: X-linked genetic diseases, diseases influenced by XCI escape, and those linked to X-chromosome aneuploidy. Inactivation of the X chromosome In mammalian species, the females typically …
Typically, the first step in making an inactivated vaccine is to grow the virus in cells. Bharat Biotech uses a chemical called beta-propiolactone, which jumbles the viral genome so that the virus cannot replicate anymore. For the rabies vaccine, the vaccine-maker can add the killed virus to a cell line, and check for rabies virus antigens using a method called …
