
Poop has been an easy target for microbiome research, but voyages into the small intestine shed new light on ways to improve gut health
Hindustan TimesWashington HT Image Washington, Microbiome research to date has been much like the parable of the blind men and the elephant. Big transformations come from small places Certain members of the small intestine microbiome are linked to obesity and overweight, while other microbial members are linked to a healthy metabolic state. Some small intestine metabolites help regulate the upper gut’s production of GIP, a sister molecule to the lower gut hormone GLP-1, which makes up the weight loss and type 2 diabetes drugs Wegovy and Ozempic. Diseases associated with the small intestine microbiome aren’t limited to metabolism and the gut. Studies have linked inflammatory changes in the small intestine microbiome to type 1 diabetes, where the body’s circulating immune cells attack insulin-producing cells in the pancreas, and to the extra-intestinal symptoms of Celiac disease, where immune cells can lead to destructive processes in the body’s eyes, skin and joints.
History of this topic

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